scholarly journals The Importance of the Extracellular Matrix in HPV-Associated Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Sampaio ◽  
Joana Ferreira ◽  
Ana Carolina Santos ◽  
Manuel Bicho ◽  
Maria Clara Bicho
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Dynamic Element

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component of the tissues of our organism. It is the dynamic element that maintains a biochemical structure capable of supporting the organization and architecture of the tissue constituents. The diversity of ECM’s constituents gives it the biochemical and biophysical properties necessary to regulate its behavior and differentiation. ECM has an important role in the biology of cancer cell development and progression. Human papillomavirus infection (HPV) is the principal etiological agent of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. It is a virus that can cause lesions precursors of epithelial squamous and glandular tumors. Type 16 (HPV16) is the leading cause of pre-malignant lesions and invasive cancers in these tissues. This work will focus on HPV infection to understand the role of ECM in the invasion, spread, and pathogenesis of the lesions caused by this virus. Cancer is no longer considered a pathology explained only by uncontrolled proliferation and apoptosis but also by the deregulation of the microenvironment.

scholarly journals Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Cladel ◽  
Pengfei Jiang ◽  
Jingwei J. Li ◽  
Xuwen Peng ◽  
Timothy K. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Gain Access

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections are commonly thought to be strictly sexually transmitted. However, studies have demonstrated the presence of HPV in cancers of many non-sexual internal organs, raising the question as to how the viruses gain access to these sites. A possible connection between blood transfusion and HPV-associated disease has not received much attention. We show, in two animal models, that blood infected with papillomavirus yields infections at permissive sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blood from actively infected mice can transmit the infection to naïve animals. Finally, we report papillomavirus infections in the stomach tissues of animals infected via the blood. Stomach tissues are not known to be permissive for papillomavirus infection, although the literature suggests that HPVs may be associated with a subset of gastric cancers. These results indicate that the human blood supply, which is not screened for papillomaviruses, could be a potential source of HPV infection and subsequent cancers.SUMMARYHuman papillomaviruses cause 5% of human cancers. Currently, blood banks do not screen for these viruses. We demonstrate that blood transfused from papillomavirus-infected animals produces infections in recipients. Public health implications are significant if the same is true for humans.DefinitionsLocal papillomavirus infection:An infection initiated by the direct application of virus or viral DNA to the site of infectionIntravenous (IV) papillomavirus infection:An infection resulting from blood-borne delivery of virus or viral DNA to the site of infection.

Role of the Pediatrician in Management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Children and Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-456
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
Increased Risk

Approximately half of all American adolescents have experienced sexual intercourse by age 17 years.1 The second highest rate of reported gonococcal infections (1,229 cases per 100,000 persons) occurs in 15- to 19-year-old adolescents. This increased risk in the adolescent population has been associated with the greater number of young people having sexual intercourse, the infrequent use of barrier contraceptive methods, the obstacles to prompt medical care that teenagers face, with consequent delay in diagnosis and further spread of the disease, and the large number of asymptomatic carriers.2 The pediatrician has an important responsibility for providing sexuality-related care to children and adolescents.2-4

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance and perceived effectiveness, and HPV infection concern among young New Zealand university students

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Chelimo ◽  
Trecia A. Wouldes ◽  
Linda D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics

Two-hundred undergraduate students completed an anonymous questionnaire after viewing a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine television commercial. Eight-four percent of participants would accept a free HPV vaccine, whereas 47% were unconcerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Males were less likely to accept a free HPV vaccine and to be concerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness was significantly greater among participants who had previously heard of the vaccine and who knew that HPV is sexually transmitted. More education on the role of sexual behavioural characteristics of both males and females in HPV transmission is necessary to promote awareness and concern of personal HPV infection risk and acceptance of HPV vaccination.

scholarly journals Burden and Prevention of HPV. Knowledge, Practices and Attitude Assessment Among Pre-Adolescents and their Parents in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Icardi ◽  
Claudio Costantino ◽  
Marcello Guido ◽  
Antonella Zizza ◽  
Vincenzo Restivo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Attitude Assessment ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Despite infections due to HPV nowadays represent the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide with recognized effective and safe preventive strategies, knowledge, attitudes; however, awareness on HPV is considerably low. The present study has two main objectives: 1. To conduct a literature review to analyze the evolution of preventive tools, the complexity of the vaccine choice process, and the challenges posed by HPV vaccine hesitancy and refusal among pre-adolescents and their parents; 2. To assess knowledge, practices and attitudes toward HPV infection and vaccination in a sample of Italian pre-adolescents and their parents. The observational study was carried out through the use of two anonymous and self-administered pre- and postintervention questionnaires dedicated to the target populations. Between the administrations of the pre- and postintervention questionnaires, an educational intervention on HPV infection and related diseases, and prevention strategies was conducted. All participants demonstrated suboptimal knowledge and positive attitudes in the preintervention questionnaire. Higher levels of knowledge and attitudes were observed among pre-adolescents thatused social networks and had heard of sexually transmitted diseases at home/school/physician and from parents and also who had heard of HPV from General Practitioners, Gynecologists, family members and newspapers. A significant increase in HPV vaccination awareness was observed among pre-adolescents after the educational sessions. Health education programs aimed at increasing knowledge, attitudes and awareness on HPV are needed to implement the outcomes of HPV immunization programs, especially if supported by the physicians involved in counselling and recommendation processes.

scholarly journals The Role of Changes in Extracellular Matrix of Cartilage in the Presence of Inflammation on the Pathology of Osteoarthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela Maldonado ◽  
Jin Nam
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Wear And Tear

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that affects various tissues surrounding joints such as articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, and ligaments. No therapy is currently available to completely prevent the initiation or progression of the disease partly due to poor understanding of the mechanisms of the disease pathology. Cartilage is the main tissue afflicted by OA, and chondrocytes, the sole cellular component in the tissue, actively participate in the degeneration process. Multiple factors affect the development and progression of OA including inflammation that is sustained during the progression of the disease and alteration in biomechanical conditions due to wear and tear or trauma in cartilage. During the progression of OA, extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage is actively remodeled by chondrocytes under inflammatory conditions. This alteration of ECM, in turn, changes the biomechanical environment of chondrocytes, which further drives the progression of the disease in the presence of inflammation. The changes in ECM composition and structure also prevent participation of mesenchymal stem cells in the repair process by inhibiting their chondrogenic differentiation. This review focuses on how inflammation-induced ECM remodeling disturbs cellular activities to prevent self-regeneration of cartilage in the pathology of OA.

Risk factors associated with human papillomavirus infection status in a Korean cohort

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 1579-1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. LEE ◽  
D.-H. LEE ◽  
Y.-M. SONG ◽  
K. LEE ◽  
J. SUNG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

SUMMARYBy surveying extensive epidemiological behavioural and sexual risk factors in a Korean twin cohort, risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection were investigated in South Korea. A total of 912 vaginal specimens were collected from the Healthy Twin Study, consisting of twins and their families. A range of epidemiological, behavioural, and sexual activity characteristics were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses of family and twin relationships, adjusted to elucidate the risk factors for HPV infection. Of the various epidemiological characteristics, the possibility of extramarital affairs [odds ratio (OR) 2·48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·02–6·02] significantly increased the prevalence of HPV infection. Our multivariate regression analysis indicated that oral contraceptive use (OR 40·64, 95% CI 0·99–1670·7) and history of sexually transmitted disease (OR 2·56, 95% CI 0·93–7·10) were strongly associated with an increase in HPV infection. On the other hand, more frequent vaginal douching (OR 0·32, 95% CI 0·13–0·77) significantly decreased the prevalence of HPV infection. Our results suggested that HPV infection is associated with both biological and behavioural factors.

The role of HPV vaccination as a cancer prevention agent.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13566-e13566
Author(s):  
N Mullai ◽  
Soleiman Osman ◽  
Joseph Rattenni
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Hpv Status ◽  
High Risk Hpv

e13566 Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted agent and has extensive association with many malignancies such as cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and head and neck cancers. Vaccination helps prevent sexually transmitted diseases due to HPV. In addition, it provides protection against cancers caused by persistent, high-risk HPV infection in both male and female. Methods: Data collected from the medical records of patients diagnosed with anogenital, and head and neck cancers during 2017-2019 were studied retrospectively and the association of HPV infection was analyzed. Results: There were thirty-three cases of anogenital, and head and neck cancers diagnosed during the study period. The following were the occurrences: penile cancer 1, anal cancer 4, cervical/uterine/vaginal cancers 10, and head and neck cancer including tonsil, base of tongue, vocal cord, and glottis 18. HPV status was available in twenty-six (79%) patients. Fourteen patients were positive for high-risk 16/18 HPV strain, twelve were HPV negative, and HPV status was unknown for seven patients. Most of the patients were smokers and none of them had received HPV vaccination. The patients were treated appropriately with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Conclusions: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection type 16/18 is the most common sexually transmitted infection associated with significant anogenital and head and neck cancers.Vaccinations protect against persistent, high-risk HPV infection that may lead to malignancies. However, the HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates are only 41.7% and 21.6% respectively in males, and 60% and 39.7% respectively in females. The lack of opportunity does not appear to be a major reason for this low coverage. Some of the barriers for low adoption of HPV vaccination were concern about vaccine safety (70%), lack of knowledge about HPV related diseases (56%), very young to vaccinate (56%), fear of riskier sexual behavior (56%), and reluctance as not being included in the required immunization schedule (71%). In addition, several people refused HPV vaccination due to misinformation in social media. The primary purpose of HPV vaccination is to help prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Further, such vaccination can also prevent several cancers caused by persistent infection. Therefore, HPV vaccination has the potential to eliminate such risk if enforced at a young age in school. The above study and data stress this role and the importance of public awareness of the HPV vaccine as a cancer prevention agent.

scholarly journals Early Defensive Mechanisms against Human Papillomavirus Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 850-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Moerman-Herzog ◽  
Mayumi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Immune Mediators ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Abnormal Cells ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms

ABSTRACTCervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women and is almost exclusively caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV is also frequently associated with other cancers arising from mucosal epithelium, including anal and oropharyngeal cancers, which are becoming more common in both men and women. Viral persistence and progression through precancerous lesion stages are prerequisites for HPV-associated cancer and reflect the inability of cell-mediated immune mechanisms to clear infections and eliminate abnormal cells in some individuals. Cell-mediated immune responses are initiated by innate pathogen sensing and subsequent secretion of soluble immune mediators and amplified by the recruitment and activation of effector T lymphocytes. This review discusses early defensive mechanisms of innate responders to natural HPV infection, their influence on response polarization, and the underappreciated role of keratinocytes in this process.

scholarly journals HPV infection and endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Geilson Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
José Eleutério ◽  
Renata Mírian Nunes Eleutério
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Search Terms

Introduction: Recent research has focused on the role of persistent ascending bacterial infections and sexually transmitted infections (STI) as a factor associated to endometriosis. Indeed, some studies investigated the possible role of HPV in endometriosis, but this topic remains inconclusive. Objective:The present study aims to meta-analyze research that assessed the presence of HPV infection in patients with endometriosis. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey were searched until February 10th, 2020. Search terms included “endometriosis” and “HPV” without language restrictions. The combined relative risks and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed with I-square (I2 ). Results: Meta-analysis with low heterogeneity found a relative risk of twice as much in women exposed to HPV in relation to the unexposed control. Conclusion: Results indicate that HPV could be a risk factor for developing endometriosis.

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