War: Australia, 1942–1944

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Banham
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Good Education ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sufficient Food

Chapter Five marks the dramatic change caused by the Japanese attack on Hong Kong. Now there was a material difference between the experiences of those evacuated and those who had stayed, and discussion of reunion was instantly cut. With the deaths of so many husbands and fathers in action, and captivity for those who survived, for the majority of families (for their well-being and integrity then and later) it might have been better had they stayed in Hong Kong. On the other hand, those who had been forced out of the Colony at least had freedom, relative safety, privacy, access to good education for children, and sufficient food. While both sides were desperate to communicate, the Japanese occupation and the continuing mortality in the camps made shared decision making impossible. However, with repatriation to Hong Kong now impossible for the foreseeable future, the immediate choices for evacuees were binary: relocate to the UK, or finally (and individually) take the necessary steps with work, housing, and schools, to properly integrate in Australia for the long term. Forced into this situation by the evacuation, behind many such decisions lay the knowledge (or lack thereof) of the fate of the husband/father.

scholarly journals Scalable modEls of Community rehAbilitation for Individuals Recovering From COVID:19 reLated illnEss: A Longitudinal Service Evaluation Protocol—“SeaCole Cohort Evaluation”

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kelly ◽  
Aidan Innes ◽  
Marc Holl ◽  
Laura Mould ◽  
Susan Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Community Rehabilitation ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Uk

Introduction: High levels of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments are anticipated for those recovering from the COVID-19. In the UK, ~50% of survivors will require additional rehabilitation. Despite this, there is currently no evidence-based guideline available in England and Wales that addresses the identification, timing and nature of effective interventions to manage the morbidity associated following COVID-19. It is now timely to accelerate the development and evaluation of a rehabilitation service to support patients and healthcare services. Nuffield Health have responded by configuring a scalable rehabilitation pathway addressing the immediate requirements for those recovering from COVID-19 in the community.Methods and Analysis: This long-term evaluation will examine the effectiveness of a 12-week community rehabilitation programme for COVID-19 patients who have been discharged following in-patient treatment. Consisting of two distinct 6-week phases; Phase 1 is an entirely remote service, delivered via digital applications. Phase 2 sees the same patients transition into a gym-based setting for supervised group-based rehabilitation. Trained rehabilitation specialists will coach patients across areas such as goal setting, exercise prescription, symptom management and emotional well-being. Outcomes will be collected at 0, 6, and 12 weeks and at 6- and 12-months. Primary outcome measures will assess changes in health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) and COVID-19 symptoms using EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level Version (EQ-5D-5L) and Dyspnea-12, respectively. Secondary outcome measures of the Duke Activity Status Questionnaire (DASI), 30 s sit to stand test, General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Patient Experience Questionnaire (PEQ) and Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) will allow for the evaluation of outcomes, mediators and moderators of outcome, and cost-effectiveness of treatment.Discussion: This evaluation will investigate the immediate and long-term impact, as well as the cost effectiveness of a blended rehabilitation programme for COVID-19 survivors. This evaluation will provide a founding contribution to the literature, evaluating one of the first programmes of this type in the UK. The evaluation has international relevance, with the potential to show how a new model of service provision can support health services in the wake of COVID-19.Trial Registration: Current Trials ISRCTN ISRCTN14707226Web: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14707226

scholarly journals Exploring student perceptions and awareness of social prescribing

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp19X703649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Mulligan ◽  
Daisy Kirtley ◽  
Claudia Santoni ◽  
Joel Chilaka ◽  
Bogdan Chiva Giurca
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Social Prescribing ◽  
Student Views ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Strategies

BackgroundThe importance of social prescribing has been illustrated by the NHS Long Term Plan, as well as the GP Forward View published in 2016. Social prescribing is enabling healthcare professionals to refer patients to a link worker, to co-design a non-clinical social prescription to improve their health and well-being. A lack of awareness of social prescribing has been suggested in the past, although no studies have been formally conducted to date to provide the evidence basis for this statement.AimExploring perceptions, understanding, and awareness of social prescribing among medical students across the UK.MethodStudent views were collected using a survey delivered before and after teaching sessions as part of the NHS England National Social Prescribing Student Champion Scheme. A total of 932 responses were recorded from 27 different medical schools.ResultsPre-session surveys suggested that 91% (n = 848) of medical students have never heard of the concept of social prescribing before the teaching session. Post-session surveys highlighted that 98% (n = 913) of students regarded the concept as useful and relevant to their future careers following teaching on the subject.ConclusionSurvey findings confirm a significant lack of awareness regarding social prescribing among medical students from 27 different medical schools across the UK. New strategies are needed to ensure the doctors of tomorrow are equipped with the necessary tools to achieve the recent outcomes for graduates which highlight the importance of personalised care and social sciences.

Feedback trading strategies in international real estate markets

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrysanthi Balomenou ◽  
Vassilios Babalos ◽  
Dimitrios Vortelinos ◽  
Athanasios Koulakiotis
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Feedback Trading

Purpose Motivated by recent evidence that securitized real estate returns exhibit higher levels of predictability than stock market returns and that feedback trading (FT) can induce returns autocorrelation and market volatility, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of FT strategies on long-term market volatility of eight international real estate markets (UK, Germany, France, Italy, Sweden, Australia, Japan and Hong Kong). Design/methodology/approach Assuming that the return autocorrelation may vary over time and the impact of positive feedback trading (PFT) or negative feedback trading (NFT) could be a function of return volatility, the authors use a combination of a FT model and a fractionally integrated Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. Findings The results are mixed, revealing that both PFT and NFT strategies persist. Specifically, the authors detect PFT in the real estate markets of France, Hong Kong and Italy as opposed to the real estate markets of Australia, Germany, Japan and Sweden where NFT was present. A noteworthy exception is the UK real estate market, with important and rational FT strategies to sustain. With respect to the long-term volatility persistence, this seems to capture the mean reversion of real estate returns in the UK and Hong Kong markets. In general, the results are not consistent with those reported in previous studies because NFT dominates PFT in the majority of real estate markets under consideration. Originality/value The main contribution of this study is the investigation of the link between short-term PFT or NFT and long-term volatility in eight international real estate markets, symmetrically. Particular attention has been given to the link between short-term FT and long-term volatility, by means of a fractionally integrated GARCH approach, a symmetric one. Moreover, investigating the relationship between returns’ volatility and investors’ strategies based on FT entails significant implications because real estate assets offer a good alternative investment for many investors and speculators.

scholarly journals Universal, school-based interventions to promote mental and emotional well-being: what is being done in the UK and does it work? A systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Mackenzie ◽  
Christopher Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
School Based ◽  
School Based Interventions ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesThe present review aimed to assess the quality, content and evidence of efficacy of universally delivered (to all pupils aged 5–16 years), school-based, mental health interventions designed to promote mental health/well-being and resilience, using a validated outcome measure and provided within the UK in order to inform UK schools-based well-being implementation.DesignA systematic review of published literature set within UK mainstream school settings.Data sourcesEmbase, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsychArticles, ASSIA and Psychological and Behavioural Sciences published between 2000 and April 2016.Eligibility criteriaPublished in English; universal interventions that aimed to improve mental health/emotional well-being in a mainstream school environment; school pupils were the direct recipients of the intervention; pre-post design utilised allowing comparison using a validated outcome measure.Data extraction and synthesis12 studies were identified including RCTs and non-controlled pre-post designs (5 primary school based, 7 secondary school based). A narrative synthesis was applied with study quality check.1ResultsEffectiveness of school-based universal interventions was found to be neutral or small with more positive effects found for poorer quality studies and those based in primary schools (pupils aged 9–12 years). Studies varied widely in their use of measures and study design. Only four studies were rated ‘excellent’ quality. Methodological issues such as small sample size, varying course fidelity and lack of randomisation reduced overall study quality. Where there were several positive outcomes, effect sizes were small, and methodological issues rendered many results to be interpreted with caution. Overall, results suggested a trend whereby higher quality studies reported less positive effects. The only study that conducted a health economic analysis suggested the intervention was not cost-effective.ConclusionsThe current evidence suggests there are neutral to small effects of universal, school-based interventions in the UK that aim to promote emotional or mental well-being or the prevention of mental health difficulties. Robust, long-term methodologies need to be pursued ensuring adequate recording of fidelity, the use of validated measures sensitive to mechanisms of change, reporting of those lost to follow-up and any adverse effects. Further high-quality and large-scale research is required across the UK in order to robustly test any long-term benefits for pupils or on the wider educational or health system.

China will largely abide by Hong Kong handover terms

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Young People ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The City

Significance This case adds to a growing list of incidents, including the abduction of five Hong Kong booksellers by mainland agents in 2015, that feed fears in Hong Kong that Beijing is undermining the autonomy the city was promised when the UK government handed it over to China in 1997. Impacts The United Kingdom is unlikely to escalate disputes over Beijing's adherence to the handover treaty since doing so might backfire. Evidence of China interfering with business in Hong Kong would be far more economically damaging than targeted political repression. Even limited encroachments by Beijing will increase pessimism about the city's long-term future and make young people keener to emigrate.

The Risk of using Antidepressants During Pregnancy: Serious Concern or much ado about Little?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Steiner ◽  
A. Shea ◽  
C.N. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Adverse Life Event ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Positive Effect

Perinatal psychiatric disorders are a leading cause of maternal morbidity, they transmit across generations and may pose the first adverse life event for a child. The myth that pregnancy is “protective” in terms of mental health has long been refuted and it is now well established that the incidence of depression during pregnancy is at least as high when compared to other phases in a woman's lifetime. Moreover, depression during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes both for the mother and the baby. Untreated depression during pregnancy is also one of the strongest predictors of a subsequent postpartum depression.Data on the “relative safety” of antidepressants during pregnancy are accumulating but at the same time sporadic, at times inconsistent reports on potential risks associated with their use are cause for concern. Recognizing the limitations of our knowledge regarding the “relative safety” of antidepressants during pregnancy it is paramount to weigh the risk of not treating vs. the benefit of treating in each case.We report here on more than 400 pregnant women at risk for depression seen at our clinic. One third of these women received antidepressants during different phases of their pregnancies and the outcome/well-being of their babies assessed. There were no significant increases in long-term untoward outcomes in these babies.We also demonstrated in a smaller subpopulation that the use of antidepressants has a “positive” effect on both neuroendocrine and neurophysiological parameters, using the cortisol awakening response and heart rate variability as biological markers.

scholarly journals How are nature-based solutions contributing to priority societal challenges surrounding human well-being in the United Kingdom: a systematic map

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dick ◽  
Jonathan Carruthers-Jones ◽  
Steve Carver ◽  
Anne J. Dobel ◽  
James D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background The concept of nature-based solutions (NBS) has evolved as an umbrella concept to describe approaches to learning from and using nature to create sustainable socio-ecological systems. Furthermore, NBS often address multiple societal challenges that humans are facing in the medium to long-term and as such can enhance human well-being (HWB). This study was commissioned to fulfil the need for a targeted systematic evidence map on the linkage between NBS and HWB to support focused research going forward that addresses the key knowledge needs of policy makers in the UK and beyond. Methods A consultation with policy makers and government agency staff (n = 46), in the four component parts of the UK (England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) was conducted in spring 2019. This identified four key societal challenges of operational experience lacking a scientific evidence base. Three of these challenges related to management issues: NBS cost-efficacy, governance in planning, environmental justice. The fourth challenge related to the acoustic environment (soundscape). Using systematic methods, this study searched for and identified studies that assessed NBS on HWB with regard to these four selected societal challenges. Review findings A total of 7287 articles were returned from the systematic search and screened for suitability at the level of title and abstract. A total of 610 articles passed screening criteria to warrant full text screening. Of these, 115 studies met the full text criteria for eligibility in the final systematic map database. Included studies were coded for twelve NBS interventions and ten HWB related outcome categories. Most of the evidence reviewed referred to natural, blue or green infrastructure in the urban environment and focused on economic, material and health aspects of HWB. Less than 2% of studies identified in the searches robustly reported the role of NBS actions or interventions on HWB compared with non-NBS actions or interventions Conclusion This systematic map found the evidence base is growing on NBS-HWB linkages, but significant biases persist in the existing literature. There was a bias in favour of the urban environment and restoration studies focused on conservation aspects, with only a few studies investigating the full suite of advantages to HWB that can be delivered from NBS actions and interventions. The soundscape was the least studied of the societal challenges identified as being of key importance by policy makers, with cost-efficiency the most reported. There was a lack of robust long-term studies to clearly test the potential of NBS regarding the HWB outcomes compared with non-NBS alternatives. This lack of robust primary knowledge, covering all four key societal challenges identified, confirms that the knowledge gaps identified by the policy makers persist, and highlights a clear research need for long-term, transdisciplinary studies that focus on comparisons between NBS and non-NBS alternatives

The Risk of Using Antidepressants During Pregnancy: Serious Concern or Much Ado about Little?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Steiner ◽  
A. Shea ◽  
C.N. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Adverse Life Event ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Positive Effect

Perinatal psychiatric disorders are a leading cause of maternal morbidity, they transmit across generations and may pose the first adverse life event for a child. The myth that pregnancy is “protective” in terms of mental health has long been refuted and it is now well established that the incidence of depression during pregnancy is at least as high when compared to other phases in a woman's lifetime. Moreover, depression during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes both for the mother and the baby. Untreated depression during pregnancy is also one of the strongest predictors of a subsequent postpartum depression.Data on the “relative safety” of antidepressants during pregnancy are accumulating but at the same time sporadic, at times inconsistent reports on potential risks associated with their use are cause for concern. Recognizing the limitations of our knowledge regarding the “relative safety” of antidepressants during pregnancy it is paramount to weigh the risk of not treating vs. the benefit of treating in each case.We report here on more than 400 pregnant women at risk for depression seen at our clinic. One third of these women received antidepressants during different phases of their pregnancies and the outcome/well-being of their babies assessed. There were no significant increases in long-term untoward outcomes in these babies.We also demonstrated in a smaller subpopulation that the use of antidepressants has a “positive” effect on both neuroendocrine and neurophysiological parameters, using the cortisol awakening response and heart rate variability as biological markers.

scholarly journals Contextualising risk: the unfolding information work and practices of people during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemaree Lloyd ◽  
Alison Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Information Practices ◽  
Information Work ◽  
The Uk

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate people's information practices as the SARS-CoV-2 virus took hold in the UK. Of particular interest is how people transition into newly created pandemic information environments and the ways information literacy practices come into view.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research design comprised one-to-one in-depth interviews conducted virtually towards the end of the UK's first lockdown phase in May–July 2020. Data were coded and analysed by the researchers using constant comparative and situated analysis techniques.FindingsTransition into new pandemic information environments was shaped by an unfolding phase, an intensification phase and a stable phase. Information literacy emerged as a form of safeguarding as participants engaged in information activities designed to mitigate health, legal, financial and well-being risks produced by the pandemic.Research limitations/implicationsTime constraints meant that the sample from the first phase of this study skewed female.Practical implicationsFindings establish foundational knowledge for public health and information professionals tasked with shaping public communication during times of crisis.Social implicationsThis paper contributes to understandings of the role that information and information literacy play within global and long-term crises.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to explore information practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Christian Spirituality and the Well-being Agenda.

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Nash Pimlott
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Christian Spirituality ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The Uk

This article discusses demonization and toxicity as illustrative of the life of young people in the UK. It offers definitions of well-being and the role of spirituality within this. We propose that unless the underlying well-being of young people is taken seriously, improved upon and re-imagined, then the challenges some young people encounter will develop into long-term problems well into adulthood. Furthermore, those young people who have relatively few challenges and problems will be at risk of being contaminated by the assault upon their well-being resulting in damage to them that will manifest itself in personal, communal and social problems. We argue that without the spiritual dimension, however, constructs, policy and approaches to well-being are lacking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document