The Risk of Using Antidepressants During Pregnancy: Serious Concern or Much Ado about Little?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Steiner ◽  
A. Shea ◽  
C.N. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Adverse Life Event ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Positive Effect

Perinatal psychiatric disorders are a leading cause of maternal morbidity, they transmit across generations and may pose the first adverse life event for a child. The myth that pregnancy is “protective” in terms of mental health has long been refuted and it is now well established that the incidence of depression during pregnancy is at least as high when compared to other phases in a woman's lifetime. Moreover, depression during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes both for the mother and the baby. Untreated depression during pregnancy is also one of the strongest predictors of a subsequent postpartum depression.Data on the “relative safety” of antidepressants during pregnancy are accumulating but at the same time sporadic, at times inconsistent reports on potential risks associated with their use are cause for concern. Recognizing the limitations of our knowledge regarding the “relative safety” of antidepressants during pregnancy it is paramount to weigh the risk of not treating vs. the benefit of treating in each case.We report here on more than 400 pregnant women at risk for depression seen at our clinic. One third of these women received antidepressants during different phases of their pregnancies and the outcome/well-being of their babies assessed. There were no significant increases in long-term untoward outcomes in these babies.We also demonstrated in a smaller subpopulation that the use of antidepressants has a “positive” effect on both neuroendocrine and neurophysiological parameters, using the cortisol awakening response and heart rate variability as biological markers.

The Risk of using Antidepressants During Pregnancy: Serious Concern or much ado about Little?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
M. Steiner ◽  
A. Shea ◽  
C.N. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cortisol Awakening Response ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
Adverse Life Event ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Positive Effect

Perinatal psychiatric disorders are a leading cause of maternal morbidity, they transmit across generations and may pose the first adverse life event for a child. The myth that pregnancy is “protective” in terms of mental health has long been refuted and it is now well established that the incidence of depression during pregnancy is at least as high when compared to other phases in a woman's lifetime. Moreover, depression during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse outcomes both for the mother and the baby. Untreated depression during pregnancy is also one of the strongest predictors of a subsequent postpartum depression.Data on the “relative safety” of antidepressants during pregnancy are accumulating but at the same time sporadic, at times inconsistent reports on potential risks associated with their use are cause for concern. Recognizing the limitations of our knowledge regarding the “relative safety” of antidepressants during pregnancy it is paramount to weigh the risk of not treating vs. the benefit of treating in each case.We report here on more than 400 pregnant women at risk for depression seen at our clinic. One third of these women received antidepressants during different phases of their pregnancies and the outcome/well-being of their babies assessed. There were no significant increases in long-term untoward outcomes in these babies.We also demonstrated in a smaller subpopulation that the use of antidepressants has a “positive” effect on both neuroendocrine and neurophysiological parameters, using the cortisol awakening response and heart rate variability as biological markers.

scholarly journals SIX YEARS (1999-2015) OF ESCALATING HOUSE PRICE: CAN FDI BE BLAMED?

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Izati Zull ◽  
Tajul Ariffin Masron
Keyword(s):  
House Price ◽  
Well Being ◽  
High Price ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Liberalization Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

In Malaysia, house price has increased drastically. Problem arises in areas that received relatively lower number of FDI. The house price in these areas accelerated at growth which are somewhat equivalent to areas which benefit from FDI spillover. As the relationship between FDI and locals’ well-being is becoming crucial due to the escalating high price, this paper intends to examine the long-term impact of FDI on house price in Malaysia. Our long-run estimation results showed that FDI inflows have affected house price in Malaysia negatively between the period of 1999 and 2015. The effect however reversed when liberalization policy is included. With the presence of liberalization policy, FDI inflows have actually caused house price in KL and Penang (highly dynamic states) to increase in the long-run. The positive effect of FDI inflows on house price are also found in relatively slow-progressive states like Pahang and Kedah confirming the nationwide effect of liberalization policy regardless of economy level of a state. Other than FDI inflows, this study also examined house supply, gross domestic per capita and interest rate as independent variables.

War: Australia, 1942–1944

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Banham
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Good Education ◽  
Relative Safety ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sufficient Food

Chapter Five marks the dramatic change caused by the Japanese attack on Hong Kong. Now there was a material difference between the experiences of those evacuated and those who had stayed, and discussion of reunion was instantly cut. With the deaths of so many husbands and fathers in action, and captivity for those who survived, for the majority of families (for their well-being and integrity then and later) it might have been better had they stayed in Hong Kong. On the other hand, those who had been forced out of the Colony at least had freedom, relative safety, privacy, access to good education for children, and sufficient food. While both sides were desperate to communicate, the Japanese occupation and the continuing mortality in the camps made shared decision making impossible. However, with repatriation to Hong Kong now impossible for the foreseeable future, the immediate choices for evacuees were binary: relocate to the UK, or finally (and individually) take the necessary steps with work, housing, and schools, to properly integrate in Australia for the long term. Forced into this situation by the evacuation, behind many such decisions lay the knowledge (or lack thereof) of the fate of the husband/father.

scholarly journals Analisis disparitas pendapatan di Indonesia tahun 2015-2019: analisis regresi data panel

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 670-685
Author(s):  
Niken Ningtiyas ◽  
Inayati Nuraini Dwiputri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Disparity ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Income disparity is a problem in many countries that can cause economic inefficiency, weaken social stability and solidarity, and inequality in long-term well-being. This study describes the income disparity in the provinces in Indonesia using the Williamson Index. The purpose of this study is to find out how the conditions of income disparity in Indonesia are and what are the variables that influence it. This study analyzes panel data regression from 32 provinces in Indonesia for 5 years through Eviews10. From the Williamson index calculation, East Java Province has the highest level of disparity while Gorontalo Province has the lowest disparity. Economic growth, investment, APBD, and Unemployment have a positive effect on income disparity while HDI has a negative effect. Variables that have a significant effect on the 5 percent alpha level are HDI, Government Spending, and Unemployment. While the variable of economic growth has a prob of 0.1558 so that it has a significant effect on income disparities at the alpha level of 0.2 or 20 percent, and investment has a prob of 0.4570 so that it has a significant effect on the alpha level of 0.5 or 50 percent. Abstrak Disparitas pendapatan merupakan suatu permasalahan di banyak negara yang dapat menyebabkan inefisiensi ekonomi, melemahkan stabilitas sosial dan solidaritas, serta ketidakadilan dalam kesejahteraan dalam jangka panjang. Penelitian ini menggambarkan disparitas pendapatan di provinsi-provinsi di Indonesia dengan Indeks Williamson. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi disparitas pendapatan di Indonesia dan apa saja variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menganalisis regresi data panel dari 32 provinsi di Indonesia selama 5 tahun melalui Eviews10. Dari perhitungan indeks williamson, Provinsi jawa timur memiliki tingkat disparitas tertinggi sementara Provinsi Gorontalo memiliki disparitas terendah. Pertumbuhan ekonomi, investasi, APBD, dan TPT berpengaruh positif terhadap disparitas pendapatan sedangkan IPM berpengaruh negatif. Variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan pada tingkat alpha 5 persen yakni IPM, APBD, dan TPT. Sedangkan variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi memiliki prob sebesar 0.1558 sehingga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disparitas pendapatan pada tingkat alpha 0.2 atau 20 persen, dan investasi memiliki prob sebesar 0.4570 sehingga berpengaruh signifikan pada tingkat alpha 0.5 atau 50 persen.

scholarly journals TeamMates

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody C. Isernhagen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Low Achieving Students ◽  
Positive Effect

Numerous studies have found that mentoring has a positive effect on students who participate in it. Mentorship for students in rural communities is both necessary and challenging given the uphill battle these schools and communities face to improve their students’ academic achievement and emotional well-being. Through examining teacher, parent, and student perceptions of the TeamMates Mentoring Program in a rural Nebraska district, this study concluded that TeamMates is providing necessary social and emotional support to its mentees in rural schools, as well as encouraging them to improve their grades. However, TeamMates must continue to heighten its support of low-achieving students and to help fulfill students’ long-term goals.  

Benefit Finding in Cardiac Patients: Relationships with Emotional Well-Being and Resources after Controlling for Physical Functional Impairment

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Sanjuán ◽  
Cristina García-Zamora ◽  
M. Ángeles Ruiz ◽  
Beatriz Rueda ◽  
Henar Arranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Benefit Finding ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adverse Life Event

AbstractBenefit finding (BF) is defined as the individual’s perception of positive change as a result of coping with an adverse life event. The beneficial effects of BF on well-being could be because BF favors the improvement of resources like self-efficacy, social support and effective coping. The main objective of this longitudinal 8 week study was to explore, in a sample of cardiac patients (n = 51), the combined contribution of BF and these resources to the positive affect. Moreover, we wanted to check whether these resources were derived from BF or, on the contrary, these resources were antecedents of BF. Results showed that after controlling for functional capacity, only effective coping could predict the positive affect at Time 1 (β = .32, p < .05), while the BF predicted it at Time 2 (β = .23, p < .001). Only social support predicted BF (β = .26, p < .05), but not the opposite. We discussed the desirability of promoting these processes to improve the emotional state of cardiac patients.

Long Term Well-Being in Those Who Attempt Suicide and Survive: A Research Call

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingjie Tong ◽  
Todd Barrett Kashdan ◽  
JONATHAN ROTTENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Risk Research ◽  
Potential Use

Over 48,000 people died by suicide in 2018 in the United States, and more than 25 times that number attempted suicide. Research on suicide has focused much more on risk factors and adverse outcomes than on protective factors and more benign trajectories. Consequently, little is known regarding good long-term psychological adaptation in those who attempt suicide and survive. In this call for research, we argue for the need to investigate the phenomenon of long-term psychological well-being after suicide attempts, and we explain how this effort complements traditional risk research by (a) providing a more comprehensive understanding of the sequelae of suicide attempts, (b) identifying protective factors for potential use in interventions and prevention, and (c) contributing to knowledge and public education that reduces the stigma associated with suicide-related behaviors.

The impact of positive reappraisal on positive (and negative) emotion among older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie S. Nowlan ◽  
Viviana M. Wuthrich ◽  
Ronald M. Rapee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Positive Reappraisal ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Adverse Life Event ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTBackground:Positive reappraisal is an important cognitive strategy for older adults associated with wide-ranging improvements in psychological well-being. However, little is known about the relationship between positive reappraisal and positive and negative emotion, anxiety and depression, and whether positive reappraisal is associated with continued increases in positive emotion over time.Methods:In the first study, 61 participants aged 62 to 88 years (M = 72, SD = 5.8) completed current measures of cognitive emotion regulation, positive emotion, negative emotion, anxiety and depression regarding their most distressing aging-related adverse life event, and rated (retrospectively) positive reappraisal use at the time of the stressor. Utilizing a longitudinal design, in a second study 60 participants aged 62 to 88 years (M = 71.2, SD = 5.7) completed the same measures for a recent adverse life event and repeated the measures 3 and 6 months later.Results:In the first study, positive reappraisal reported for both time periods was significantly correlated with current positive emotion, but not negative emotion with mixed findings for anxiety and depression, and positive reappraisal use increased with time since stressor onset. In the second study, positive reappraisal was significantly correlated with positive emotion and significantly predicted positive emotion from 3-month to 6-month follow-up, and was related to anxiety and depression but not general negative emotion.Conclusions:These findings indicate that positive reappraisal is related to positive emotion but not consistently with negative emotion, and continues to be beneficial over time in older adults who have experienced a stressor.

Weight Implications on Pregnancy Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Elizabeth Carter
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Life Course

The incidence of rising weight in reproducing women has potential for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, both short and long term. The purpose of the project was to identify the extent of potential implications resulting from maintaining a body mass index larger than 25 throughout a pregnancy. Select authors have conducted quantitative, retrospective cohort studies by requesting participants to complete a questionnaire during pregnancy providing information on variables of social determinants of health with a control study of woman with a BMI under 25 and excluding mothers without a recorded BMI in antenatal records and mothers with pre-existing diabetes. Research resulted in overarching implications for both maternal and fetal well-being with added potential burden on the health care system. Neonate’s born under influence of a maternal BMI larger than 25 risk complications including preterm birth, congenital anomalies, fetal macrosomia, and death. Mothers are at increased risk for preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, postpartum hemorrhage, caesarian section and require more healthcare services. Continued longitudinal studies may provide greater insight into the life course trajectories of children born under such circumstances, and offer interventions appropriate to aid consequences of weight implications on pregnancy outcomes. Furthermore, additional studies on appropriate and safe interventions throughout the pregnancy may minimize potential risks on maternal and fetal well-being. This discussion is designed to explain the gravity of weight juxtaposed with pregnancy, and provide strategies aimed at optimizing health outcomes. 

scholarly journals Lead Abandonment and Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (S-ICD) Implantation in a Cohort of Patients With ICD Lead Malfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Russo ◽  
Stefano Viani ◽  
Federico Migliore ◽  
Gerardo Nigro ◽  
Mauro Biffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Icd Implantation ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Major Complications ◽  
Potential Risks

Background: When an implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead becomes non-functional, a recommendation currently exists for either lead abandonment or removal. Lead abandonment and subcutaneous ICD (S-ICD) implantation may represent an additional option for patients who do not require pacing. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of a strategy of lead abandonment and S-ICD implantation in the setting of lead malfunction.Methods: We analyzed all consecutive patients who underwent S-ICD implantation after abandonment of malfunctioning leads and compared their outcomes with those of patients who underwent extraction and subsequent reimplantation of a single-chamber transvenous ICD (T-ICD).Results: Forty-three patients underwent S-ICD implantation after abandonment of malfunctioning leads, while 62 patients underwent extraction and subsequent reimplantation of a new T-ICD. The two groups were comparable. In the extraction group, no major complications occurred during extraction, while the procedure failed and an S-ICD was implanted in 4 patients. During a median follow-up of 21 months, 3 major complications or deaths occurred in the S-ICD group and 11 in the T-ICD group (HR 1.07; 95% CI 0.29–3.94; P = 0.912). Minor complications were 4 in the S-ICD group and 5 in the T-ICD group (HR 2.13; 95% CI 0.49–9.24; P = 0.238).Conclusions: In the event of ICD lead malfunction, extraction avoids the potential long-term risks of abandoned leads. Nonetheless the strategy of lead abandonment and S-ICD implantation was feasible and safe, with no significant increase in adverse outcomes, and may represent an option in selected clinical settings. Further studies are needed to fully understand the potential risks of lead abandonment.Clinical Trial Registration: URL: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02275637

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