Association Between Serum Cadmium and Arsenic Levels with Bladder Cancer: A Case-control Study

Background: Bladder cancer is the second most common cancer of the genitourinary system and the eighth cause of cancer death. In addition to known risk factors such as smoking and urinary stones, trace elements are also effective in causing bladder cancer and other cancers. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the association between bladder cancer and the carcinogens cadmium and arsenic. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 40 patients with bladder cancer admitted to Shahid Bahonar Hospital and a control group of 40 healthy individuals in Kerman, Iran, in 2018. The serum levels of arsenic and cadmium were measured by atomic absorptiometry. The paired t-test and chi-square tests were employed to assess the difference between cases and controls groups. An unadjusted and 2 multivariable conditional regression models were separately adjusted on sex, family cancer history, residence, occupation, and smoking and were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to assess the association between arsenic and cadmium levels and bladder cancer. The statistical software SPSS version 26 and R software version 3.6.3 were used to perform the statistical analyses. Results: The mean cadmium level was 2.99 ± 1.45 and 2.59 ± 0.46 in the case and control groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.100). The mean arsenic level was 2.12 ± 1.04 and 1.43 ± 0.73 in the case and control groups, respectively, demonstrating a statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.001). Unadjusted and adjusted conditional logistic regression models indicated significant association between arsenic levels and bladder cancer (unadjusted: odds ratio (OR) (95% CI): 0.66 (0.46 - 0.94), P-value = 0.022; adjusted: OR (95% CI): 0.64 (0.44 - 0.92), P-value = 0.018). Conclusions: Overall, cadmium and arsenic levels are higher in patients with bladder cancer, with a statistically significant difference for arsenic. However, these elements are not interrelated and are not related to other factors.

Download Full-text

Association of Hyperuricemia With Hypertension In Pakistani Population

Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College ◽

10.51985/jbumdc2019042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 98-101

Author(s):

Attia Khaliq ◽

Abdul Moueed Tariq ◽

Abdul Latif Khattak ◽

Karamat Ali ◽

Shahzeb Ahmad Satti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Study Design ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

P Value ◽

Control Groups ◽

Pakistani Population ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

Objective: To find an association between Hyperuricemia and Hypertension in patients presenting in outpatients department for regular check-up. Study design and Setting: Case Control Study design conducted at Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi (PEMH), Medical Outpatient department (OPD) from 4th Feb, 2017 to 4th Aug, 2017. Methodology: A total of 200 patients, with 100 cases and 100 controls fulfilling the selection criteria were included in the study, which were selected from Medical OPD of PEMH. An informed written consent was taken. The Demographic such as age, gender were obtained. Veriable upon selection into study group, the blood samples were taken and two groups of patients were made on the basis of normal or raised uric acid levels. The Serum Uric Acid (SUA) was measured in the patients. Then blood pressure was measured by using sphygmomanometer by researchers themselves. If BP level was >140/90mmHg on 2 separate occasions, or patient is already a known case of hypertension, then hypertension was labeled. Results: The mean age (years) in the study was 54.79 + 8.96. There were 136 (68%) male and 64 (32%) female patients. The frequency and percentage of hypertension in cases and control groups was (84%) and (41%) patients respectively which was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.000. The Odds ratio was found to be 7.55. Conclusion: It was concluded that there was an association found between Hyperuricemia and Hypertension

Download Full-text

Chronic Urinary Infection in Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Prospective, Blinded Case Control Study

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fcimb.2021.752275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Zainab Khan ◽

Gareth D. Healey ◽

Roberta Paravati ◽

Nidhika Berry ◽

Eugene Rees ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Overactive Bladder ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Routine Laboratory ◽

Clinical Infection ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Laboratory Cultures ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

ObjectivesTo investigate whether women with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and no evidence of clinical infection by conventional clean-catch midstream urine cultures have alternative indicators of sub-clinical infection.Patients/Subjects, Materials & MethodsThe study was a prospective, blinded case-control study with 147 participants recruited, including 73 OAB patients and 74 controls. The OAB group comprised female patients of at least 18 years of age who presented with OAB symptoms for more than 3 months. Clean-catch midstream urine samples were examined for pyuria by microscopy; subjected to routine and enhanced microbiological cultures and examined for the presence of 10 different cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins by ELISA.ResultsThe mean age and BMI of participants in both groups were similar. No significant difference in the number of women with pyuria was observed between OAB and control groups (p = 0.651). Routine laboratory cultures were positive in three (4%) of women in the OAB group, whereas the enhanced cultures isolated bacteria in 17 (23.2%) of the OAB patients. In the control group, no positive cultures were observed using routine laboratory cultures, whereas enhanced culture isolated bacteria in 8 (10.8%) patients. No significant differences were observed in the concentrations of PGE2, PGF2α, MCP-1, sCD40L, MIP-1β, IL12p70/p40, IL12/IL-23p40, IL-5, EGF and GRO-α between the OAB and control groups.ConclusionsPatients with OAB symptoms have significant bacterial growth on enhanced culture of the urine, which is often not detectable through routine culture, suggesting a subclinical infection. Enhanced culture techniques should therefore be used routinely for the effective diagnosis and management of OAB.

Download Full-text

Risk factors of dengue fever in an urban area in Vietnam: a case-control study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10687-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thang Nguyen-Tien ◽

Duy Cuong Do ◽

Xuan Luat Le ◽

Thi Hai Dinh ◽

Mats Lindeborg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Younger Adults ◽

The Mean ◽

Dengue Prevention ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus present in many metropolitan cities of tropical countries. Methods During and after the dengue season (September 2018 to January 2019), we conducted a case-control study in order to determine the risk factors for dengue fever in Hanoi city, Vietnam. 98 dengue patients and 99 patients with other acute infections, such as Hepatitis B virus infection, were recruited at Department of Infectious Disease of Bach Mai national hospital in Hanoi. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, housing, environmental factors and knowledge, attitude, and practice on dengue prevention and control. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the risk factors of dengue status. Results The mean score of knowledge items and practice items was only 7.9 out of total 19 points and 3.9 out of total 17 points, respectively. While the mean score of attitude items was 4.8 out of total 6 points. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that older patients had lesser risk of getting dengue infection as compared to younger adults aged 16–30, and patients living in peri-urban districts were less likely to suffer of dengue fever than patients living in central urban districts (OR = 0.31; 95% CI 0.13–0.75). This study could not find any association with occupation, water storage habit, knowledge, attitude, or practice on dengue prevention. Conclusions All patients had a relatively low level of knowledge and practice on dengue prevention and control. However, the attitude of the participants was good. We found that age group and living district were the risk factors correlated with the dengue status. Communication programs on raising dengue awareness should be repeated all year round and target particular groups of adolescents, younger adults, landlords and migrants from other provinces to improve their knowledge and encourage them to implement preventive measures against dengue fever.

Download Full-text

Dietary diversity score is inversely related to the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Tehranian women: a case-control study

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2021-0359 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Sahel Soodi ◽

Seyed Ali Keshavarz ◽

Sedighe Hosseini ◽

Behnood Abbasi

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Groups ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

And Control ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age and is affected by various dietary factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary diversity score (DDS) and the risk of PCOS. Our case-control study was conducted in the summer and autumn of 2019 in Taleghani and Arash hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A total of 494 participants (203 cases and 291 controls) were included in the study. Thereafter, their demographic information, dietary intake, and anthropometric and physical activity assessments were gathered. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was then used to calculate the DDS by scoring 5 food groups. To evaluate the risk of PCOS in association with DDS, the subjects were categorized based on the quartile cut-off points of the DDS. The mean ± SD age of the participants in both the case and control groups was 28.98 ± 5.43 and 30.15 ± 6.21 years, while mean ± SD body mass index was 25.74 ± 5.44 and 23.65 ± 3.90 kg/m2, respectively. The comparison between the case and control groups indicated that total DDS was 5.19 ± 1.19 for the cases and 5.51 ± 1.19 for the controls. The comparison of DDS in the highest versus the lowest quartiles showed a decreased risk of PCOS (p < 0.05). We demonstrated an inverse association between DDS and PCOS compared with the control group. Furthermore, a higher DDS was significantly associated with a lower risk of PCOS (odds ratio = 0.40). Novelty: This is the first investigation on the relationship between DDS and PCOS. Results depicted an inverse relationship between DDS and PCOS.

Download Full-text

Occupational stress and psychological health impact on hypertension of miners in noisy environment in Wulumuqi, China: a case-control study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09760-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yaoqin Lu ◽

Huan Yan ◽

Jiandong Yang ◽

Jiwen Liu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Occupational Stress ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Noisy Environment ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Hypertension has been declared as a global public health crisis by the World Health Organization, because of its high prevalence. It affects the health of one billion people worldwide and is directly responsible for the deaths of more than 10 million people per year. The purpose of our research was to explore the influence of occupational stress and psychological health on hypertension of miners who work in a noisy environment and provide decision reference for relevant departments to keep miners’ health. Methods A case-control study was carried out in this research. The study subjects were divided into case groups and control groups based on whether they had hypertension or not. Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire and Self-Reporting Inventory questionnaire were used to investigate the psychological health status and occupational stress of the target population. General information was balanced between case and control groups through propensity score matching method. After propensity score matching, a multifactorial analysis was used to explore the impact of occupational stress and psychological health on hypertension. Results According to the result of the multivariate analysis, psychological health was hazard to hypertension (t = 5.080, P<0.001) and occupational stress was not a direct risk factor for hypertension (t = 1.760, P = 0.080). The model was statistically significant (χ2 = 20.4, P<0.01). Conclusions For miners working in the noisy environment, psychological status was a direct risk factor to hypertension, while occupational stress was an indirect factor.

Download Full-text

Effect of migraine attack on pupil size, accommodation and ocular aberrations

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672120975334 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 112067212097533

Author(s):

Merve Beyza Yildiz ◽

Elvin Yildiz ◽

Sevcan Balci ◽

Buse Rahime Hasirci Bayir ◽

Yılmaz Çetinkaya

Keyword(s):

Migraine Attack ◽

Pupil Size ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Unilateral Headache ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Control Study ◽

Prospective Case Control Study

Purpose: To evaluate the pupil size, accommodation, and ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in patients with migraine during migraine attacks and compare them with interictal period and healthy controls. Methods: This prospective, case–control study included 48 eyes of 24 patients with migraine and 48 eyes of 24 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Measurements were performed using a Hartmann Shack aberrometer. Accommodative responses to accommodative stimulus ranging from 0 to 5 diopters (D) in increments of 0.5 D were recorded. Spherical, coma, trefoil aberration, and root mean square (RMS) of total HOAs were assessed. Patients with migraine were measured twice during the interictal phase and during migraine attack. Results: The mean pupil size significantly decreased during migraine attack (5.85 ± 0.19 mm) compared with the interictal phase (6.05 ± 0.19 mm) in the patients with migraine ( p = 0.012). There was a significant increase in the accommodative response to accommodative stimulus of 1.5 to 5 D during migraine attack. No significant change was observed in HOAs during migraine attack. In addition, no ictal or interictal period measurements were statistically significantly different from the controls. Comparing symptomatic and non-symptomatic sides in 17 migraine patients with unilateral headache, no significant difference was found in any of the measurements in both ictal and interictal periods. Conclusion: Our results suggest the presence of a subtle oculosympathetic hypofunction in patients with migraine during the ictal period compared to the interictal period. The accommodation status of the eye seems to be affected by this autonomic dysfunction.

Download Full-text

Hair nicotine concentration of cats with gastrointestinal lymphoma and unaffected control cases

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.105564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 186 (13) ◽

pp. 414-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Victoria Smith ◽

Clare Knottenbelt ◽

David Watson ◽

Dominic J Mellor ◽

Alexandra Guillen Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Gastrointestinal Lymphoma ◽

Control Groups ◽

Nicotine Concentration ◽

Hair Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Unaffected Control ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

BackgroundA previous study showed an association between owner-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and lymphoma in cats. This study aimed to investigate the association between ETS exposure and gastrointestinal lymphoma in cats, using hair nicotine concentration (HNC) as a biomarker.MethodsThis was a prospective, multi-centre, case–control study. Gastrointestinal lymphoma was diagnosed on cytology or histopathology. Hair samples were obtained from 35 cats with gastrointestinal lymphoma and 32 controls. Nicotine was extracted from hair by sonification in methanol followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography with mass spectrometry. Non-parametric tests were used.ResultsThe median HNC of the gastrointestinal lymphoma and control groups was not significantly different (0.030 ng/mg and 0.029 ng/mg, respectively, p=0.46). When the HNC of all 67 cats was rank ordered and divided into quartiles, there was no significant difference in the proportion of lymphoma cases or controls within these groups (p=0.63). The percentage of cats with an HNC≥0.1 ng/mg was higher for the lymphoma group (22.9%) than the control group (15.6%) but failed to reach significance (p=0.45).ConclusionA significant association was not identified between HNC (a biomarker for ETS) and gastrointestinal lymphoma in cats; however, an association may exist and further studies are therefore required.

Download Full-text

Association of influenza vaccination with reduced risk of venous thromboembolism

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th09-04-0222 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (12) ◽

pp. 1259-1264 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Tienan Zhu ◽

Laure Carcaillon ◽

Isabelle Martinez ◽

Jean-Pierre Cambou ◽

Xavier Kyndt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Groups ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Reduced Risk

SummaryInfluenza vaccination can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease, but its impact on the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been studied. It was the aim of this study to investigate whether influenza vaccination reduces the risk of VTE. We conducted a case-control study involving 1,454 adults enrolled in 11 French centers between 2003 and 2007, comprising 727 consecutive cases with a first documented episode of VTE and 727 age- and sex-matched controls. In the case and control groups 202 (28.2%) and 233 (32.1%) subjects, respectively, had been vaccinated against influenza during the previous 12 months. After multivariate regression analysis, the odds ratios (OR) for VTE associated with vaccination were 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.97) and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.32–0.85), respectively, for the whole population and for subjects aged 52 years or less. The protective effect of vaccination was similar for deep venous thrombosis (OR 0.9; 95% CI, 0.60–1.35) and pulmonary embolism (OR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.94) and for both provoked (OR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53–0.97) and unprovoked VTE (OR 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59–1.23).This case-control study suggests that influenza vaccination is associated with a reduced risk of VTE.

Download Full-text

Maternal consumption of cigarette during pregnancy and low birth weight: case-control study

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6538 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e692986538

Author(s):

Priscilla Perez da Silva Pereira ◽

Ana Claudia Morais Godoy Figueiredo ◽

Fabiana Araújo Figueiredo da Mata ◽

Roberta Borges Silva ◽

Mauricio Gomes Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Low Income ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Maternal Consumption ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

The birth weight of newborn is an indicator that reflects maternal health conditions and the healthcare quality delivered during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between maternal consumption of cigarette during pregnancy and Low Birth Weight (LBW) in the Northeast of Brazil. Case-control study with the group of cases composed of 402 mothers with newborns with a birth weight <2,500 grams, and control composed of 1,210 mothers with newborns with weight ≥2,500 grams. Data were collected based on self-reported information by mothers and complemented with hospital records. Simple linear regression and logistic regression models were conducted. Majority of women were brown/ black, married, of low income and almost half of them had less than nine years of education. The consumption of 10 or more cigarettes a day was associated with LBW. For each cigarette added to the daily cigarette consumption there was a reduction of 18.6 grams in birth weight. Among mothers who smoked more than ten cigarettes per day, the mean reduction in birth weight was 283.1 grams. This study reinforces that LBW is associated with the maternal consumption of cigarettes.

Download Full-text

Assesment of Endometrial Vascularization with Immunohistochemical CD34 Assay in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case Control Study

Gynecology Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine ◽

10.21613/gorm.2016.664 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Emine Aydın ◽

Taner Usta

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Loss ◽

Recurrent Pregnancy Loss ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Transmembrane Protein ◽

Vessel Diameter ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

Objectives: We compared the endometrial vascularization in hysteroscopic endometrial samplings between recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and control group.Study Design: We prospectively evaluated hysteroscopic endometrial samplings from RPL and control groups. CD34 transmembrane protein was used for evaluating endometrial vascularization. The vascularization was assessed based on thickness of vessels, diameter of the largest vessel, and number of vessels per mm2 in CD34-stained slides.Results: There was no significant difference in demographic findings and vascularization, such as largest vessel diameter (p: 0.572), and number of vessels per mm2 (p: 0.982) between the two groups.Conclusion: The cycling endometrium is a highly angiogenic tissue and may play a role in the etiology of RPL. However, we find a weak relationship between endometrial vascularization and RPL.

Download Full-text