Longer Time to Reach Excellent Response to Treatment in Familial Versus Sporadic Non-medullary Thyroid Cancer (NMTC): A Matched Case-Control Study

Background: Familial NMTCs are supposed to be more aggressive and require more frequent treatment compared to non-familial thyroid cancer. Objectives: This matched case-control study aimed to compare the response to treatment between the matched case-control groups of familial and sporadic NMTC. Methods: This is a retrospective study in patients with familial NMTC (at least one other first-degree relative involved) who were treated with surgery, followed by radio-iodine therapy (RIT) without consideration of its familial origin. Response to treatment was compared between familial NMTC and age, sex, and TNM stage-matched non-familial NMTC (control group). Response to treatment was assessed one and two years after RIT, and time to excellent response was identified. Results: Out of 2,944 NMTC patients, 81 (2.75%) patients had familial NMTC. We compared 66 patients with familial NMTC and 66 sporadic NMTC patients. There was no significant difference in first thyroglobulin, initial and accumulative iodine dose, and additional treatments (additional surgery and radiotherapy) between patients and controls. Although no significant difference was noted in one and two years’ responses to treatment between the case and control groups, familial NMTC patients required more time to achieve excellent response (26.7 ± 24.9 versus 15.9 ± 9.0 months, P = 0.01). No significant difference was noted between familial NMTC patients with two or more than two involved relatives. Conclusions: Our study showed that if patients with familial NMTCs were treated in the same way as non-familial patients, the time to excellent response would be significantly longer, even when they have only one other involved relative.