Investigating the Antimicrobial Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Salvia officinalis Ethanolic Extract Against Helicobacter pylori

Background: One of the most common gastrointestinal infections is Helicobacter pylori infection, which leads to gastritis, gastrointestinal ulcers, and eventually stomach cancer. Many chemical drugs are used to eradicate this bacterium; however, resistance to many drugs and recurrence of infection are some treatment problems. Among these, the role of herbal medicines is very important. Glycyrrhiza glabra and Salvia officinalis are some plants used to treat H. pylori infections. These plants grow in different regions of Iran, and it is important to study their effects on this bacterium. Objectives: Accordingly, this study aimed to isolate H. pylori strains and investigate the antimicrobial effects of G. glabra and S. officinalis ethanolic extract against this bacterium. Methods: H. pylori specimens were isolated from endometrium biopsy of the stomach of patients who referred to Sistan and Baluchestan Hospital by culture method. Then, the antimicrobial effects of the ethanolic extracts of G. glabra and S. officinalis were investigated on H. pylori isolates by microdilution method. Results: The results of this study showed that 30 (60%) cases were metronidazole-resistant, 15 (30%) were amoxicillin-resistant, 12 (24%) were tetracycline-resistant, and 2 (4%) were clarithromycin-resistant. While the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of G. glabra ethanolic extract against H. pylori was 3.1 mg/ml (five strains were inhibited), the highest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was equal 100 mg/ml (six strains were inhibited). The lowest MIC of S. officinalis against H. pylori was equal 3.1 ppm (12 strains were inhibited), while the highest MBC was 50 ppm (one strain was inhibited). Conclusions: According to our results, G. glabra and S. officinalis ethanolic extracts had high antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant strains. Regarding the continuous and reckless use of chemical drugs, unfortunately, increasing drug resistance in germs is increasing compared to chemical drugs day by day, as a result, be used from medicinal herbs. On the other hand, as the environment (weather and soil area) is effective in the type and amount of phytochemical substances, therefore, it is suggested that when using a medicinal plant for the treatment of diseases, should be addressed to the location of the plant and the type of tissue of the plant to achieve the best Therapeutic effect.

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Host Epithelial Interactions with Helicobacter Pylori: A Role for Disrupted Gastric Barrier Function in the Clinical Outcome of Infection?

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/2005/940213 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 543-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andre G Buret ◽

Jason P Fedwick ◽

Andrew N Flynn

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Clinical Outcome ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Gastric Disease ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Epithelial Barrier Function ◽

Control Disease ◽

H Pylori ◽

Gastric Permeability ◽

Gastric Barrier

Infection of the human stomach with Helicobacter pylori may develop into gastritis, ulceration, adenocarcinoma and mucosal lymphomas. The pathogenic mechanisms that determine the clinical outcome from this microbial-epithelial interaction remain poorly understood. An increasing number of reports suggests that disruptions of epithelial barrier function may contribute to pathology and postinfectious complications in a variety of gastrointestinal infections. The aim of this review is to critically discuss the implications of H pylori persistence on gastric disease, with emphasis on the role of myosin light chain kinase, claudins and matrix metalloproteinases in gastric permeability defects, and their contribution to the development of cancer. These mechanisms and the associated signalling events may represent novel therapeutic targets to control disease processes induced by H pylori, a microbial pathogen that colonizes the stomach of over 50% of the human population.

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Antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of cagA and vacA genes in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients in Tabriz city, Iran

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05633-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farnaz Rasi-Bonab ◽

Abolfazl Jafari-Sales ◽

Mohammad Amin Shaverdi ◽

Tahereh Navidifar ◽

Morteza Saki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Culture Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽

Common Causes ◽

The World ◽

H Pylori ◽

Tabriz City

Abstract Objective Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of gastric infections in humans. It is estimated that approximately 50% of people around the world are infected with this bacterium. This study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, as well as the frequency of cagA and vacA genes in H. pylori isolates obtained from patients in the clinical centers in Tabriz city, Iran. Results The culture method detected 100 (45.25%) H. pylori isolates from 221 biopsy samples during 3 years. The results showed that 63% and 81% of the isolates were positive for cagA and vacA genes, respectively. The highest resistance of isolates was seen against metronidazole (79%) and amoxicillin (36%), respectively. Also, the isolates showed the least resistance to tetracycline (8%).

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Bactericidal effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract on Helicobacter pylori

Journal of Environmental Biology ◽

10.22438/jeb/42/6/mrn-2070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1591-1597

Author(s):

A. Saxena ◽

◽

P. Arivaradarajan ◽

A.K. Mukhopadhyay ◽

S.P. Nandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Neem Leaves ◽

Gastric Pathogen ◽

H Pylori

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf against Gram-negative, gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Methodology: Extracts of neem leaf were prepared in different solventslike hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol. Antibacterial activity was estimated in terms of zone of inhibition by performing Agar cup diffusion assay. Depending on the diameter of zone of inhibition, ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol extract of neem leaves were selected for Thin Layer Chromatography. The presence of photochemicals were detected using iodine fumigation. Elution Assay was done to detect the bioactive components of the ethanol extract. Results: Out of sixsolvents used, ethanol extract of neem leavesshowed the maximum zone of inhibition against H. pylori. TLC separation of ethyl acetate, acetone and ethanol extract of plant products showed dark brown bands of phytochemicals on silica-gel G 60 plates. The contact bioautography assay showed a zone of 15 mm. Elution assay and agar cup bioassay was performed against H. pylori and the loading spot showed a zone of 11 mm. Interpretation: The findings of the present study revealed the anti-bacterial potency of ethanolic extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf against Gram-negative gastric pathogen H. pylori. The ethanolic extract of neem leaf can be used as an effective natural remedy in combating H. pylori infection.

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Cytokine Expression in Pediatric Helicobacter pylori Infection

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.12.8.994-1002.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 994-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ana I. Lopes ◽

Marianne Quiding-Jarbrink ◽

Ana Palha ◽

José Ruivo ◽

Lurdes Monteiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Lamina Propria ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Cytokine Expression ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Specific Staining ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Lamina Propria Lymphocyte ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

H Pylori

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections worldwide and almost invariably causes chronic gastritis in the infected host. A predominant Th1 profile has been demonstrated in H. pylori-infected mucosa from adults, but no previous study has evaluated in situ cytokine expression in children. We therefore examined expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines by immunohistochemistry in cryopreserved antral biopsy specimens from 10 H. pylori-infected and 10 uninfected children and correlated expression of cytokines with histology scores. Concomitant expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), IL-4, transforming growth factor β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was seen in 8/10 H. pylori-infected cases and in 5/10 noninfected cases; all H. pylori-infected subjects showed staining for at least two of the cytokines. The proportion of epithelial cytokine-specific staining did not differ significantly between the groups, either in surface or glandular epithelium. Furthermore, no significant differences were noticed between intraepithelial or lamina propria lymphocyte staining in the groups. There was, however, a tendency of higher numbers of IFN-γ- and IL-8-positive cells in the H. pylori-infected group. IFN-γ and IL-8 lamina propria lymphocyte expression correlated significantly with antrum chronic inflammation, but there was no correlation between histology scores and epithelial cytokine expression. When the same techniques were used, the cytokine response appeared to be smaller in H. pylori-infected children than in adults, and there was no clear Th1 dominance. These results therefore suggest a different mucosal immunopathology in children. It remains to be determined whether the gastric immune response is downregulated in children with H. pylori infection and whether this is relevant to the outcome of infection.

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ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ANISOCHILUS CARNOSUS (L.F.) WALL AGAINST THE HUMAN GASTRIC PATHOGEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.20304 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Vignesh Shetty ◽

Richard Lobo ◽

Nimmy Kumar ◽

Ramachandra Lingadakai ◽

Ganesh C Pai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

High Elevation ◽

Gastrointestinal Infections ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

Soxhlet Method ◽

H Pylori

Objective: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in India is high, and majority leads to severe gastrointestinal infections. Existing treatment regimens for H. pylori infections have increased failure rates and adverse side effects that desire the search for an effective substitute therapy. Anisochilus carnosus (L.f.) wall (Lamiaceae), a herb which grows once in a year at high elevation is used widely in traditional treatment for the complaints of gastric ulcer and skin diseases. The present study was performed to assess the antibacterial activity of A. carnosus (L.f.) wall, against clinical isolates of H. pylori in vitro.Methods: A. carnosus leaves were collected-dried and extracted with water and ethanol by cold maceration with ethanol by soxhlet method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts was made and tested against 32 clinical and 1 reference strains of H. pylori. Results: A. carnosus (L.f.) wall inhibited the growth of most of the clinical H. pylori strains. The MIC of A. carnosus (L.f.) wall extracted by cold maceration (aqueous and ethanol) and Soxhlet apparatus (ethanol) ranged from 500 to 62.5 μg/ml, and the majority of the clinical H. pylori strains were inhibited at the MIC of 500 μg/ml of aqueous, ethanol, and Soxhlet ethanol extraction were 63.63%, 43.75%, and 71.87%, respectively.Conclusion: A. carnosus (L.f.) wall is an efficient inhibitor of H. pylori growth in vitro. A. carnosus (L.f.) wall revealed enormous therapeutic potential to H. pylori infection as it was extremely active in the suppression of H. pylori. Hence, it can be taken as a potential agent against several H. pylori linked gastric pathogenic progressions.

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Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of acomplex mixture of Lactobacillus paracasei HP7 including the extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta and Glycyrrhiza glabra

Laboratory Animal Research ◽

10.1186/s42826-020-00073-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hyun-A Lee ◽

Joo-Yun Kim ◽

Jisoo Kim ◽

Bora Nam ◽

Okjin Kim

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Perilla Frutescens ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

H Pylori ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

Abstract The effect of standard therapeutic strategies on Helicobacter pylori infection is diminished over time owing to the emergence of drug resistant strains. In this study, we would like to confirm the enhanced effect of L. paracasei HP7, which has been reported to exert antibacterial and gastric mucosal protective effects, in combination with Perilla frutescens var. acuta (P. frutescens)and Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) extracts. P. frutescens extract and G. glabra extract were found to inhibit the growth of H. pylori in a concentration-dependent manner, and the combination of L. paracasei HP7 and P. frutescens extract and G. glabra extract effectively inhibited H. pylori from attaching to AGS a gastric epithelial cells. Moreover, L. paracasei HP7 complex mixture containing P. frutescens and G. glabra extracts has been shown to inhibit H. pylori virulence genes such as AlpA, CagA, FlaA and UreA. When H. pylori-infected mice were administered a complex mixture of L. paracasei HP7 containing P. frutescens and G. glabra extract, the infection rate of H. pylori was significantly reduced. In addition, the L. paracasei HP7 complex mixture significantly reduced serum IL-8 levels and stomach inflammation in H. pylori infected mice. These results suggest that a complex mixture of L. paracasei HP7 containing P. frutescens and G. glabra extracts may be an alternative to treating diseases caused by H. pylori infection.

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The rod-to-coccoid body transformation in cultures of Helicobacter pylori

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100160686 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 626-627

Author(s):

A. R. Crooker ◽

W. G. Kraft ◽

T. L. Beard ◽

M. C. Myers

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Growth Cycle ◽

Negative Bacterium ◽

Body Formation ◽

Coccoid Form ◽

Spiral Form ◽

Prolonged Culture ◽

H Pylori ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, gram-negative bacterium found in the upper gastrointestinal tract of humans. There is strong evidence that H. pylori is important in the etiology of gastritis; the bacterium may also be a major predisposing cause of peptic ulceration. On the gastric mucosa, the organism exists as a spiral form with one to seven sheathed flagella at one (usually) or both poles. Short spirals were seen in the first successful culture of the organism in 1983. In 1984, Marshall and Warren reported a coccoid form in older cultures. Since that time, other workers have observed rod and coccal forms in vitro; coccoid forms predominate in cultures 3-7 days old. We sought to examine the growth cycle of H. pylori in prolonged culture and the mode of coccoid body formation.

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Relationship between changing patterns of helicobacter pylori-related duodenal ulcer over 20 years and H. pylori infection rates in the local community: The Bristol Helicobacter project

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(01)81189-6 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 120 (5) ◽

pp. A240-A240

Author(s):

R HARVEY ◽

R SPENCE ◽

A LANE ◽

L MURRAY ◽

I HARVEY ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Duodenal Ulcer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Local Community ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Changing Patterns ◽

H Pylori

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Peptische Ulzera und Helicobacter pylori: Wie wir wissen, was wir wissen

Therapeutische Umschau ◽

10.1024/0040-5930/a000703 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (7) ◽

pp. 475-480

Author(s):

Raphael Scholl

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Kontrollierte Studie ◽

H Pylori ◽

Peptische Ulzera

Zusammenfassung. Zu den wichtigsten Ursachen peptischer Ulzera gehört das Bakterium Helicobacter pylori. Aber wie wurde dieser ursächliche Zusammenhang nachgewiesen? Aufschluss darüber gibt die Geschichte und Theorie einer Reihe einschlägiger Studien, die in den 1980er Jahren durchgeführt wurden. Am Anfang stand die Entdeckung einer blossen Korrelation zwischen dem neu entdeckten Bakterium und peptischen Ulzera in Magenbiopsien. Unklar blieb, ob das Bakterium die Krankheit verursachte, oder ob es bloss eine opportunistische bakterielle Besiedlung darstellte. Ohne Tiermodell war der experimentelle Nachweis der Richtung der Verursachung jedoch schwierig: Zwar wurde in einem couragierten Selbstversuch mit einer geschluckten Bakterienkultur eine Gastritis beobachtet – aber der Einzelfall war wenig aussagekräftig. Die Schwächen des Selbstversuchs liessen sich durch eine randomisierte, Plazebo-kontrollierte Studie beheben, die den Anforderungen des dritten Koch’schen Postulats gerecht wurde. Darüber hinaus war es notwendig, erste Aufschlüsse über den Mechanismus der ursächlichen Verbindung zwischen H. pylori und peptischen Ulzera zu gewinnen: Wie zum Beispiel kann das Bakterium im sauren Milieu des Magens überleben? Die wissenschaftshistorische und wissenschaftstheoretische Betrachtung des Falls illustriert, wie medizinisches Wissen schrittweise aufgebaut wird.

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