Effect of Pilates on Body Composition and Some Biochemical Parameters of Women with Type 2 Diabetes on a Low-Carbohydrate or High-Complex-Carbohydrate Diabetic Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazli Batar ◽  
Seda Kermen ◽  
Sezen Sevdin ◽  
Aybuke Ersin ◽  
Sevil San ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Complex Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Mufa Diet

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased dramatically in the past 30 years. The World Health Organization has prepared an action plan to stop the increase in diabetes and obesity by 2025. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of pilates on body composition and some biochemical parameters in women with T2DM on a high-complex-carbohydrate diabetic diet or a low-carbohydrate/high-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) diet. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 120 woman patients with T2DM, referring to the Fatih Medical Park Hospital’s Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey, between December 2018 and June 2019. Participants were divided into 4 groups and were followed up for 12 weeks. The mean participants’ age was 41.67 ± 3.83 years. The first group received a low-carbohydrate and high MUFA (LC, MUFA) diet, the second group received a low-carbohydrate and a high-MUFA diet and did pilates (LC, MUFA + PL), the third group received a higher complex carbohydrate (HCC) diet, and the fourth group took the HCC diet and did pilates (HCC + PL). Results: According to the applied intervention method, there were significant differences between the preliminary and final measurements of body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) values (P < 0.05). In this study, only an increase in body muscle composition of the women in the LC, MUFA + PL group was found significant (P < 0.05). The highest decrease in body fat ratio was determined again in the LC, MUFA + PL group (P < 0.05). HDL levels of the women who did pilates increased significantly than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of diabetes, the patient should be evaluated with a multidisciplinary team. Diet and exercise are important non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals Differential effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet on body composition and metabolic profile in obese diabetic db/db mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001303
Author(s):  
Toru Kusakabe ◽  
Shigefumi Yokota ◽  
Mika Shimizu ◽  
Takayuki Inoue ◽  
Masashi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

IntroductionTreatment using sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for obesity and type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of carbohydrate limitation. However, their mechanisms of action differ, and the effects on the body remain unclear. We investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor and LCD on body composition and metabolic profile using the db/db mouse model for obesity and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsEight-week-old male db/db mice were divided into four groups: mice receiving normal diet and vehicle or canagliflozin (Cana) administration and mice receiving LCD and vehicle or Cana administration for 8 weeks. Consumed calories were adjusted to be equal among the groups.ResultsBoth Cana administration and LCD feeding resulted in significant weight gain. Cana administration significantly decreased plasma glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels with preservation of pancreatic β cells. However, LCD feeding did not improve plasma glucose levels but deteriorated insulin sensitivity. LCD feeding significantly reduced liver weight and hepatic triglyceride content; these effects were not observed with Cana administration. Combined treatment with LCD did not lead to an additive increase in blood β-ketone levels.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors and LCD exert differential effects on the body. Their combined use may achieve better metabolic improvements in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of green banana biomass consumption in patients with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 1365-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna S. Costa ◽  
Carolina N. França ◽  
Francisco A. H. Fonseca ◽  
Juliana T. Kato ◽  
Henrique T. Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Green Banana

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a global epidemic, characterised as a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders associated with high risk of CVD. Green banana biomass, which is composed of resistant starches (RS) and cannot be hydrolysed by amylases, delays gastric emptying and modulates insulin sensitivity, thus contributing to improve metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of consumption of RS from green banana biomass on body composition, fasting plasma glucose, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in subjects with pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes on top of treatment. Middle-aged subjects (n113) of both sexes with pre-diabetes (HbA1c: 5·7–6·4 %) or diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6·5 %) were randomised to receive nutritional support plus green banana biomass (40 g) (RS: approximately 4·5 g, G1,n62) or diet alone (G2,n51) for 24 weeks. Body composition, biochemical analyses and dietary intake were evaluated at the beginning and end of the study. In the experimental group (G1), consumption of RS was associated with reduction in HbA1c (P= 0·0001), fasting glucose (P= 0·021), diastolic blood pressure (P= 0·010), body weight (P= 0·002), BMI (P= 0·006), waist and hip circumferences (P< 0·01), fat mass percentage (P= 0·001) and increase in lean mass percentage (P= 0·011). In controls (G2), reductions were observed in waist and hip circumferences (P< 0·01), HbA1c (P= 0·002) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P= 0·020). In pre-diabetes or diabetes, non-significant differences were observed in the percentage reduction in HbA1c and fasting glucose in exploratory analyses. Our results indicate that the consumption of bioactive starches is a good dietary strategy to improve metabolic control and body composition.

scholarly journals Body fat predicts exercise capacity in persons with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A machine learning approach

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248039
Author(s):  
Tanmay Nath ◽  
Rexford S. Ahima ◽  
Prasanna Santhanam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Maximum Exercise

Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) related morbidity, mortality and death. Exercise capacity in persons with type 2 diabetes has been shown to be predictive of cardiovascular events. In this study, we used the data from the prospective randomized LOOK AHEAD study and used machine learning algorithms to help predict exercise capacity (measured in Mets) from the baseline data that included cardiovascular history, medications, blood pressure, demographic information, anthropometric and Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measured body composition metrics. We excluded variables with high collinearity and included DXA obtained Subtotal (total minus head) fat percentage and Subtotal lean mass (gms). Thereafter, we used different machine learning methods to predict maximum exercise capacity. The different machine learning models showed a strong predictive performance for both females and males. Our study shows that using baseline data from a large prospective cohort, we can predict maximum exercise capacity in persons with diabetes mellitus. We show that subtotal fat percentage is the most important feature for predicting the exercise capacity for males and females after accounting for other important variables. Until now, BMI and waist circumference were commonly used surrogates for adiposity and there was a relative under-appreciation of body composition metrics for understanding the pathophysiology of CVD. The recognition of body fat percentage as an important marker in determining CVD risk has prognostic implications with respect to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels Are Positively Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruo-Yao Gao ◽  
Bang-Gee Hsu ◽  
Du-An Wu ◽  
Jia-Sian Hou ◽  
Ming-Chun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

Background. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts as a potent metabolic regulator. Serum FGF21 levels were significantly higher in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum FGF21 levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in T2DM patients. Methods. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 126 T2DM patients. MetS and its components were defined according to the diagnostic criteria from the International Diabetes Federation. Serum FGF21 concentrations were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Among these patients, 84 (66.7%) had MetS. Female gender, hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), waist circumference (WC), body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c), triglyceride level (TG), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), insulin level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and FGF21 levels were higher, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (HDL-C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were lower in DM patients with MetS. Univariate linear analysis revealed that hypertension, BMI, WC, body fat mass, SBP, DBP, logarithmically transformed TG (log-TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, log-glucose, log-creatinine, log-UACR, log-insulin, and log-HOMA-IR positively correlated, whereas HDL-C and eGFR negatively correlated with serum FGF21 levels in T2DM patients. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that body fat mass (adjusted R2 change = 0.218; P=0.008) and log-TG (adjusted R2 change = 0.036; P<0.001) positively correlated, whereas eGFR (adjusted R2 change = 0.033; P=0.013) negatively correlated with serum FGF21 levels in T2DM patients. Conclusions. This study showed that higher serum FGF21 levels were positively associated with MetS in T2DM patients and significantly positively related to body fat mass and TG but negatively related to eGFR in these subjects.

scholarly journals Low Carbohydrate Diet and Diabetes Mellitus Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Tugrul I
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

Diet is one of the main therapies for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many studies have investigated the relationship and risks between diet lifestyle, carbohydrate intake, and diabetes. It is not known exactly how diets, along with medication, affect medication during the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this review is to summarize studies investigating the interaction of low-carbohydrate diets (LCD) and diabetes mellitus medication.

scholarly journals Body Composition and Biological Functioning in Polish Perimenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11422
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Zimny ◽  
Małgorzata Starczewska ◽  
Małgorzata Szkup ◽  
Anna Cybulska ◽  
Elżbieta Grochans
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Composition Measurements

Background and Objectives: The aim was to compare body composition and levels of biochemical blood parameters and identify relationships between biochemical parameters and body composition of women with type 2 diabetes and healthy ones, both in perimenopausal period (172 women aged between 45 and 65 come from the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland). Materials and Methods: The study consisted of an interview, body composition analysis with Jawon Medical IOI-353 (Yuseong, South Korea) analyser and venous blood biochemical analysis (lipid profile, levels of glucose, insulin, CRP, glycated haemoglobin). Results: The vast majority of body composition measurements varied between study and control groups in a statistically significant way (p < 0.05) except protein and soft lean mass of the torso. Statistically significant differences between the two groups have been observed in case of all biochemical parameters (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Body composition of women suffering from type 2 diabetes significantly varied from body composition of healthy women. Results of the first group were characterised by higher values, especially in case of general parameters, abdominal area, content of adipose tissue and soft tissues. Relationship between body composition and biochemical results may be observed, especially in level of triglycerides, CRP and insulin. Higher concentrations of these parameters were associated with increased values of majority of body composition measurements regardless of type 2 diabetes incidence.

scholarly journals The association of CREBRF variant rs373863828 with body composition in adult Samoans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola L. Hawley ◽  
Rachel L. Duckham ◽  
Jenna C. Carlson ◽  
Take Naseri ◽  
Muagututia Sefuiva Reupena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjectiveThe minor allele of rs373863828, a missense variant in CREBRF, is associated with higher BMI but lower odds of type 2 diabetes in Pacific Islanders.MethodsTo test if this protective effect operates through metabolically favorable body fat distribution, we examined the association of the minor A allele with body composition, measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), in a cross-sectional study of n=421 Samoan adults.ResultsWe replicated our earlier finding that this allele was associated with higher weight and BMI, although it was statistically significant only in women. There was no significant association of genotype with percent body fat, visceral adiposity or fat distribution, although in women, the A allele was associated with greater total fat mass (p=0.02), android (p=0.009) and trunk fat (p=0.01). In both sexes, age- and height-adjusted average lean mass was significantly greater per copy of the A allele: 2.16 kg/copy in women and 1.73 kg/copy in men.ConclusionsThese data do not support a primary role of fat distribution in mediating the association between rs373863828 genotype and type 2 diabetes risk. We suggest an alternative hypothesis: those with the A allele may more efficiently regulate blood glucose because of their greater absolute lean mass.

scholarly journals Relationship between daily dietary fructose intake, body composition and biochemical parameters patients with type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 2642
Author(s):  
Sabriye Arslan ◽  
Nevin Şanlıer
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
General Information ◽  
Fructose Intake ◽  
Dietary Fructose ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the relationship of daily dietary fructose intake with body composition and some biochemical parameters in individuals with diabetes.Method and material: A total of 156 individuals with diabetes, 53 men and 103 women, between the ages of 30 and 65 ( =51±8.59 years old) participated in the study. Research data was obtained through face-to-face interviews conducted by the researcher using a questionnaire, which included general information, dietary habits, daily food consumption record.Results: The fructose intake of the men was 13.2±12.09 g/day and that of the women was 13.6±11.10 g/day (p>0.05). The ratios of the daily dietary energy intake from fructose were 7.4±5.56% and 7.4±5.34% in men and women, respectively. It was determined that the individuals consuming the highest levels of fructose (Q4) had higher BMI, waist circumference and average visceral fat, serum VLDL-C, HbA1c levels and lower serum HDL-C levels than the individuals consuming the lowest levels of fructose (Q1). It was observed that Q4 obtain higher levels of energy, carbohydrates and fat than Q1 (p<0.05). Prevalence of obesity was found to be the lowest (59.0%) in the group intake the lowest levels of fructose and the highest (64.1%) in the group intake the highest levels of fructose (p>0.05).Conclusion: Further studies are needed to develop more specific suggestions regarding fructose intake and to better understand the relationship between fructose intakes, body composition and biochemical parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Association of Body Composition with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Chart Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4421
Author(s):  
Chia-Ling Lin ◽  
Neng-Chun Yu ◽  
Hsueh-Ching Wu ◽  
Yung-Yen Lee ◽  
Wan-Chun Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Review Study

This study analyzed the body composition of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this retrospective chart review study, body composition was measured through multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 770). Body composition assessments were conducted in individuals with T2DM, who were aged ≥18 years. The parameters included body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), fat-free mass (FFM), visceral fat area, percent body fat (PBF), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), and skeletal muscle index (SMI). One-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used to calculate differences in body composition distribution by age and sex. A total of 2404 participants were recruited. The prevalence of overall low muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity was 28.0% and 18.7%, respectively, which increased with age. The overall prevalence of obesity when PBF was used was 71.5%, which was higher than that when BMI was applied (32.4%). The normal BMI group exhibited a prevalence of low muscle mass of 55.6% and sarcopenic obesity of 34.8%. For both men and women, bodyweight, BFM, FFM, ASM, and SMI all decreased with age. The prevalence of low muscle mass and sarcopenic obesity was high in older adults and people with normal BMI. Using BMI to assess obesity and determine insufficient muscle mass underestimates the prevalence of obesity and neglects the problems of sarcopenia and high body fat in people with normal BMI.

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