A link between municipal spending on housing and other factors explaining housing conditions in a country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Raková
Keyword(s):  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Correlation Matrices ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Do So ◽  
Budget Expenditure

Housing policy has been for years pronounced as an important field for urban development. However, cities are rather reluctant to join in, explaining their position mainly by financial scarcity and low competence. This however does have social implications on life of the citizens. The aim of this study is to conduct a basic prove of a link between proportion of municipal spending on Housing and other factors explaining Housing conditions in a country. In other words, the goal of this brief study is to analyse what aspects of housing may be linked with the level of municipal spending on Housing and how. To do so, data about 21 countries from OECD Housing Database have been used for basic quantitative analyses (correlation matrices and linear regressions). The outputs suggest that the level of municipal spending on Housing is positively linked with the proportion of national budget designated for Housing and the GDP level of the country. It has also been found that housing costs of people, who have a mortgage, are higher in places, where municipal budget expenditure is on a higher level. Finally, the results indicate, that where proportion of municipal budget spending on Housing is higher, there the construction of new dwellings is slower and the relative expenditure of households on Housing is lower. Although the results may have interesting value for policy makers, they need to be proved by a further analysis. This study is only a brief baseline for further analysis, because of low number of observations and because further factors related to housing may need to be added.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 pandemic-induced PPE and single-use plastic waste generation scenario

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2098082
Author(s):  
Md. Sazzadul Haque ◽  
Shafkat Sharif ◽  
Aseer Masnoon ◽  
Ebne Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Disposable Plastic ◽  
Do So

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has demonstrated both positive and negative effects on the environment. Major concerns over personal hygiene, mandated and ease in lockdown actions and slackening of some policy measures have led to a massive surge in the use of disposable personal protective equipment (PPE) and other single-use plastic items. This generated an enormous amount of plastic waste from both healthcare and household units, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. Apart from the healthcare workers, the general public have become accustomed to using PPE. These habits are threatening the land and marine environment with immense loads of plastic waste, due to improper disposal practices across the world, especially in developing nations. Contaminated PPE has already made its way to the oceans which will inevitably produce plastic particles alongside other pathogen-driven diseases. This study provided an estimation-based approach in quantifying the amount of contaminated plastic waste that can be expected daily from the massive usage of PPE (e.g. facemasks) because of the countrywide mandated regulations on PPE usage. The situation of Bangladesh has been analysed and projections revealed that a total of 3.4 billion pieces of single-use facemask, hand sanitizer bottles, hand gloves and disposable polyethylene bags will be produced monthly, which will give rise to 472.30 t of disposable plastic waste per day. The equations provided for the quantification of waste from used single-use plastic and PPE can be used for other countries for rough estimations. Then, the discussed recommendations will help concerned authorities and policy makers to design effective response plans. Sustainable plastic waste management for the current and post-pandemic period can be imagined and acted upon.

scholarly journals The Social Functions of Questions in Embodied Collaborative Work

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas M Bietti ◽  
Federico U. Bietti
Keyword(s):  
Group Performance ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Group Productivity ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Do So

Researchers have been interested in the investigation of the social functions of questions in conversational contexts. However, limited research has been conducted on the social functions of questions in embodied collaborative work, i.e. work that involves the manipulation of physical objects. The aim of this study was to identify the social functions of questions in embodied collaborative work and to determine whether such functions correlate with performance outcomes. To do so, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of a dataset of 1751 question-answer sequences collected from an experimental study where pairs of participants (N=134) completed a collaborative food preparation task. Qualitative analysis enabled us to identify three functions of questions: Anticipation questions, exploration questions and confirmation questions. Quantitative analyses revealed that there was no correlation between the types of questions and group performance. However, they showed that groups that contributed the most to performance presented a similar distribution of question types. The identification of such patterns is a first step towards the design and implementation of interaction-focused interventions aimed at increasing group productivity in embodied collaborative work.

scholarly journals Doing Well By Doing Good In The Community: Evidence From Some South African Small Businesses

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
D. Y. Dzansi
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Business Practice ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
High Degree ◽  
African Setting ◽  
Do So

<p>Researchers and policy makers worldwide are convinced that only clear empirical evidence of the economic benefits of business social responsibility (BSR), rather than normative assertions, can motivate small businesses enough to accept and adopt it as an integral business practice. Unfortunately, empirical research so far has yielded mixed results, such that smaller businesses are right to be skeptical about adopting BSR. This paper reports the findings of empirical research on patterns of BSR engagement practices and growth in firms’ sales and gross profit among small and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in a South African setting. This is to determine how a small firm’s economic performance varies (if at all) with the degree of its BSR performance and the kind of BSR activity it engages in. The results suggest a high degree of BSR activity among firms with substantial portions of profit dedicated to BSR. However, contrary to expectations, very weak (minor) link was found between BSR performance and economic performance among the sample of small businesses on some but not all dimensions of BSR considered in the study. Nonetheless, it is recommended that managers and owners of small businesses be encouraged to adopt and practice BSR. Even if they do not do so for economic reasons, they would be right to do so to ‘atone’ for the widely acknowledged detrimental impacts of business on society. </p>

Metastatic Patterns of Cancers: Results From a Large Autopsy Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy diSibio ◽  
Samuel W. French
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Primary Cancer ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Design Review ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Metastatic Patterns ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
Do So

Abstract Context.—Many studies have addressed metastatic patterns seen among various cancers. No recent studies, however, provide quantitative analyses of such patterns arising from a broad range of cancers based primarily on postmortem tissue analyses. Objective.—To provide a quantitative description of metastatic patterns among different primary cancers based on data obtained from a large, focused autopsy study. Design.—Review of data from 3827 autopsies, performed between 1914 and 1943 on patients from 5 affiliated medical centers, comprising 41 different primary cancers and 30 different metastatic sites. Results.—Testicular cancers were most likely to metastasize (5.8 metastases per primary cancer), whereas duodenal cancers were least likely to do so (0.6 metastases per primary cancer). Preferred metastatic sites varied among the primary cancers analyzed. Overall, regional lymph nodes were the most common metastatic target (20.6% of total), whereas testes were the least common (0.1% of total). Conclusions.—Not surprisingly, different primary cancers tended to metastasize, with differing frequencies, to different sites. These varying metastatic patterns might be helpful in deducing the origins of cancers whose primary sites are unclear at presentation.

Women’s Pathways to Crime: A Heuristic Typology of Offenders

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1461-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana D. DeHart
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Female Offenders ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Maximum Security Prison ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Criminal Legal System

The current study proposes a heuristic model for classification of female offenders into groups based on key variables relevant to women’s backgrounds and programming needs. We utilize a mixed-methods approach with a sample of 60 women incarcerated in a maximum-security prison. We develop qualitative, person-centered groupings of female offenders, and then use quantitative analyses to provide more detailed data on each group. Findings demonstrate five distinct groupings: aggressive career offenders, women who killed or assaulted persons in retaliation or self-defense, women who maltreated children, substance-dependent women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), and social capital offenders. These findings lend support to prior research on pathways and typologies of women’s offending, and decision rules effectively “triage” cases according to most pressing needs. The model offers unique utility for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers working with women in the criminal legal system.

The contexts of housing stability and change among HIV-positive persons in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality, Ghana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adobea Y Owusu ◽  
Mabel Teye-kau ◽  
Eric Y Tenkorang
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Housing Stability ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Depth Interviews

Summary Due to stigma, discrimination and economic insecurity, persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) are highly vulnerable to housing instability. For instance, PLWHAs are more likely to either remain stable in inadequate homes or change residence. Yet, few studies explore the contexts of housing stability and change among PLWHAs, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority reside. This study used qualitative in-depth interviews to explore the narratives of 38 PLWHAs on the contexts of housing stability and the circumstances leading to change in residence. On diagnosis with HIV, the majority of PLWHAs (58%) changed housing locations, mostly from bad to worse conditions. Reasons for change include: eviction due to stigma and discrimination, inability to afford rent, quest to hide HIV status and death of a cohabiting partner. Our findings suggest policy makers should pay attention to the deplorable and poor housing conditions of PLWHAs in Ghana.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Information and Communication Technology Research in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Mariam Memon ◽  
Sania Bhatti ◽  
Mohsin Memon
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
National University ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Future 2 ◽  
Do So

ICTs plays a vital role in a country’s economic growth. Hence, being a developing country, Pakistan must make extensive efforts to promote research and development of this field but in order to do so, it is imperative that research competence of most productive Pakistani institutions and authors must be measured and assessed. This research work uses bibliometric methods to systematically study and analyze ICT based publications included in the Scopus database that have originated from Pakistan from 2010 to 2019. This bibliometric analysis discovered the following: (1) Scientific publications and received citations during the time have mostly increased and would probably have an increasing trend in the future; (2) The most active institution in Pakistan for ICT publications is National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan and (3) the most active author in this field is Javaid N. with respect to number of publications. The research in this paper is helpful for scholars, policy makers and institutes to understand their development status and productivity for better decision making especially in terms of funding.

scholarly journals Analysis of relations between “equality of life chances” and “early childhood care and education”, as foundations for social justice and human development: a case study of Mauritius

Afrika Focus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Early Childhood Care ◽  
Childhood Care ◽  
Qualitative Focus Groups ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

In this research, we have analysed the relations between equality of life chances and early childhood care and education (ECCE). During the last decades we have seen a constant growth in socio-economic inequalities world-wide. Yet, in the same period, we have acknowledged an increasing attention, among scholars and policy makers, to early childhood education as a prominent (and consensual) equalizing policy. We critically reviewed this claim, by using a mixed method research, including a theoretical analysis through a critical literature review, quantitative analyses of a longitudinal database, and qualitative focus groups with parents in Mauritius. Findings suggest ECCE can only be an equaliser if accompanied by a change in the educational and social structures. Conclusions highlight the need of focusing further research on detecting complex mechanisms of accumulation of disadvantage in specific groups, and assessing the equalising effects of diverse interventions during early years, including income redistribution. Key words: equality, education, early childhood, Mauritius 

scholarly journals Analyzing Trend of Tropical Cyclone Activity Along Odisha Coast, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoranjan Mishra ◽  
Namita Pattnaik ◽  
Manoj Kumar Dash ◽  
Dambaru Ballab Kattel ◽  
Shailendra Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Cyclone Activity ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Odisha Coast ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Metrological Department

Abstract A general perception among scientific community and policy makers of developing countries exists that intensity and frequency of tropical cyclones are increasing over time due to climate change and global warming. In the present study, we have tried to investigate the trend and variability of tropical cyclone landfall along the Odisha coast, India. The data pertaining to landfall of the tropical cyclones were collected from Indian Metrological Department and were further filtered using Gaussian filter. The results were plotted in graphical form. Correlation and linear regressions analyses were carried out. The results highlight that the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclone exhibit a decreasing trend. It can be thus be inferred that growing economic loss and loss of lives are due to growing exposure of unplanned population settlements and business investments to extreme events. Therefore socio-economic landscapes need to be adjusted to the landfall of cyclone than blaming natural forces for the loss of lives and properties. Findings of the present study may help policy makers devising future policies in coastal zones.

scholarly journals Creating Boundary-Breaking, Marketing-Relevant Consumer Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah J. MacInnis ◽  
Vicki G. Morwitz ◽  
Simona Botti ◽  
Donna L. Hoffman ◽  
Robert V. Kozinets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Society ◽  
Business Practitioners ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Breaking Work ◽  
Do So

Consumer research often fails to have broad impact on members of the marketing discipline, on adjacent disciplines studying related phenomena, and on relevant stakeholders who stand to benefit from the knowledge created by rigorous research. The authors propose that impact is limited because consumer researchers have adhered to a set of implicit boundaries or defaults regarding what consumer researchers study, why they study it, and how they do so. The authors identify these boundaries and describe how they can be challenged. By detailing five impactful articles and identifying others, they show that boundary-breaking, marketing-relevant consumer research can influence relevant stakeholders including academics in marketing and allied disciplines as well as a wide range of marketplace actors (e.g., business practitioners, policy makers, the media, society). Drawing on these articles, the authors articulate what researchers can do to break boundaries and enhance the impact of their research. They also indicate why engaging in boundary-breaking work and enhancing the breadth of marketing’s influence is good for both individual researchers and the fields of consumer research and marketing.

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