The Institute of Philosophy in Communist Romania Under the Regime of Gheorghiu-Dej, 1949-65

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 161-186
Author(s):  
Cristian Vasile ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Main Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Philosophical Writings

This paper examines some aspects of the institutional history of post-war Romanian philosophy, with a special focus on the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of People’s Republic of Romania. The aim of this article is to shed more light on the main aspects of philosophical research during cultural Stalinism, and to underline the inflexion points within Romanian “philosophical” writings between 1948 and 1965. I examined the lack of human resources and its impact on the emergence of Marxist-Leninist philosophy, as well as the main research topics studied at the Philosophy Section of the Institute of History and Philosophy and Institute of Philosophy especially in the 1950s. I focused also on the context of unmasking and purging of the “philosophical” front mainly in late 1950s, underlining the Agitprop fight against Revisionism and “bourgeois” influence in social sciences. The avatars of the philosophical field are analysed through the lens of professor’s Constantin Ionescu Gulian’s destiny as an important manager of the institutions producing philosophy during the aforementioned period.

Die Macht der Institution

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

This volume examines Arnold Gehlen’s theory of the state from his philosophy of the state in the 1920s via his political and cultural anthropology to his impressive critique of the post-war welfare state. The systematic analyses the book contains by leading scholars in the social sciences and the humanities examine the interplay between the theory and history of the state with reference to the broader context of the history of ideas. Students and researchers as well as other readers interested in this subject will find this book offers an informative overview of how one of the most wide-ranging and profound thinkers of the twentieth century understands the state. With contributions by Oliver Agard, Heike Delitz, Joachim Fischer, Andreas Höntsch, Tim Huyeng, Rastko Jovanov, Frank Kannetzky, Christine Magerski, Zeljko Radinkovic, Karl-Siegbert Rehberg and Christian Steuerwald.

Forging New Futures for the Study of Religion in Canada: A Review of Hughes’s From Seminary to University

2021 ◽  
pp. 000842982110416
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Selby
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Convincing Argument ◽  
National Values ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Religion In Canada ◽  
Archival Work

Aaron W. Hughes’s monograph, From Seminary to University: An Institutional History of the Study of Religion in Canada, argues that, unlike other disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, the study of religion in Canada is imbricated with nation-state politics. The creation of Canada’s initial seminaries post-Confederation served to establish Christianity as normative. By the 1960s, these seminaries were largely replaced with departments that aimed to promote national values of multiculturalism and diversity. In her critique, Selby commends the book’s convincing argument and impressive historical archival work, and critiques the book’s limited engagement with the politics of settler colonialism and scholarly contributions in the province of Québec.

: Contextual and Non-Contextual Histories of Political Thought

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
Post War

This chapter focuses on how the history of political ideas has been approached in the context of British political science. This has the consequence that the discussion ranges over commentators who are explicitly not historians. It claims that the current British approaches to the study of past political thought have domestic origins in the development of the study of politics in British Universities, especially Oxford, Cambridge, and LSE. The first section accounts for different approaches to the study of political ideas in British political science by examining conceptions of the history of political thought. It shows how institutional history is connected to the development of a genre, and how this history has not been dependent on the direct import of Continental or American intellectual fashions or personalities. The second section delineates the three main British approaches to the study of the history of political ideas in the post-war period.

From Reconstruction to the Post-War Boom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
War Experience ◽  
East West

This chapter reviews the early post-war history of the world economy as reviewed in the Survey. It first looks at the task of reconstruction, which the Survey considered to have been very successful. It then looks at the successful transition to rapid growth in the 1950s, though with persistent concern about the recurrence of crises. The evolution of the system of international trade and payments is analysed next, with world trade embarking in the 1950s on its major historical boom but showing from early on an East/West divide and greater difficulties in reconstructing the system of multilateral payments. Finally, the chapter looks at the early post-war experience of the ‘underdeveloped countries’, where poverty remained ‘as stubborn as ever’.

Tidlig neoliberalisme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagen Schulz-forberg
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
Social Question ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

This article maps the early conceptual and institutional history of neoliberalism, arguing that the social question was of vital importance to the ideology’s early de-velopment in the 1930s. This has been overlooked in recent intellectual histories of neoliberalism, which focus primarily on the post-war period. Those who have ventured into the prehistory of neoliberalism have primarily focused on the neoliberal acceptance of stronger state intervention in the economy, but without contextualizing this shift against the background of the social question. In addition, the article explores another overlooked dimension of early neoliberalism, namely the transnational institutional efforts that were indispensable to the foundation of the neoliberal network.

Heron, Patrick (1920–1999)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Furness
Keyword(s):  
Abstract Expressionism ◽  
Free Play ◽  
British Art ◽  
French Painting ◽  
Festival Of Britain ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Abstract Work

Patrick Heron is recognized by many as a key figure in the history of post-war British art, both as a practicing artist and as a prolific writer and critic. Influenced in his own work by artists such as Matisse, Bonnard, and Braque, he acted as key conduit between British art and the continent—particularly French painting, typified by the École de Paris. Like his fellow British painters Roger Hilton and William Gear, he was predisposed toward the bold use of color and a free play with oscillating perspectival cues in the more figurative of his works. An example of Heron’s earlier linear lyrical abstract work, Christmas Eve, was included in the 1951 Festival of Britain exhibition, 60 Paintings for ’51. Heron also organized several key exhibitions during the 1950s, which marked key touchstones in the development of abstract British art, including Space in Colour at the Hanover Gallery, London, in 1953 and Metavisual, Taschiste, Abstract at the Redfern Gallery, London, in April 1956. Influenced by the Russian-French artist Nicholas de Staël, and perhaps somewhat by American Abstract Expressionism, after 1955 his works were primarily non-representational, but preserved subtle and equivocal references to the landscape surrounding his home.

scholarly journals Cyborg Spirituality

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
History Of Physics ◽  
The West ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Foundations Of Physics ◽  
The World ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War

This article explores crossovers from Eastern philosophy and spirituality to contemporary science and medicine in the West. My interest is not so much in specific lines of historical transmission, as in the channels through which they flow. In particular, my argument is that different ontologies – visions of how the world is – either facilitate or block such exchanges. As an example, think about physics. The ontology of mainstream physics is a modern, dualist one, inasmuch as physical thought revolves around a material world from which anything human is absent, and the human leftovers fall to the humanities and social sciences. This ontology, more or less by definition, blocks any resonance with Eastern ideas or practices, and, accordingly, they are almost entirely absent from the history of physics, except, importantly, in lines of work on the foundations of physics, especially quantum mechanics. If one meditates on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, for instance, boundaries between the observer and the observed start to unravel, the dualist ontology erodes, and there, indeed, one finds all sorts of resonances with the East, as elaborated in an endless list of books that includes, for example, The Tao of Physics and The Dancing Wu Li Masters. That is my basic idea: resonances with the East spring forth in Western science whenever modern dualism starts to fray around the edges. But this essay is not about physics, and I turn now to the post-war history of cybernetics in Britain and its rather different non-modern ontology.

scholarly journals Development of management accounting in the light of scientific achievements of the Wroclaw school of accounting studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (103 (159)) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Edward Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Management Accounting ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Economic Operation ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The University ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The main purpose of the paper was to present the scientific input and achievements of the Wroclaw school of accounting studies at Wroclaw University of Economics in the area of management accounting development in Poland in the post-war period, early in the history of the University. Conclusions presented in this paper are formulated on the basis of literature studies conducted by the author, with a special focus on the wealth of information published by the leading representatives of the Wroclaw centre, particularly in the area of management accounting. The paper offers insight into the work of the most prominent figures of the Wroclaw school and their roles in the initiation and evolution of the management accounting science in Poland. Analyses suggest that many of the scientific observations reported by the centre, both in the form of articles and non-serial printed publications, were consistent with the leading academic modes of approach to management accounting, not only in Poland, but also in the international dimension. Important publications in management accounting can be found in the scientific output of many researchers and academics of the Wroclaw school of accounting studies, with the most prominent figures rightly considered as precursors and pioneers of management accounting in Poland. In addition, the study provides evidence to confirm strong associations linking the evolution of management accounting studies at the Wroclaw centre with the current socio-economic transformations and turbulent conditions of economic operation observed in the post-war period.

scholarly journals The Petition Campaign of the Muslims of Leningrad on the Return of the Cathedral Mosque in 1946–1955

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-775
Author(s):  
R. I. Bekkin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The article examines the petition campaign for the return of the Cathedral Mosque, organized by the Muslims of Leningrad in the second half of the 1940s and the first half of the 1950s. The campaign represents an example of a human rights activity (albeit in a limited sphere, for securing freedom of conscience), and should be taken into account when studying the history of the human and civil rights movement in the USSR. The language and argumentation used by authors of the petitions are analyzed. The article examines the religious life of Leningrad Muslims outside of the mosque (in particular, the holding of festive services at the Tatar cemetery in the village of Volkova). The article touches upon the problem of historical memory. The memories of the struggle for permission to build a mosque in St. Petersburg in tsarist times, preserved among Leningrad Muslims, were taken into account by officials when deciding whether to return this religious building to believers in the 1950s. The problem of returning the mosque is considered in the context of changes in the confessional policy of the country’s leadership. The article demonstrates the role of such a body as the Council for Religious Affairs under the Council of Ministers of the USSR touches upon this role in resolving issues of returning religious buildings to believers in the post-war period. Particular attention is paid to the relations within the Leningrad Muslim community. On the example of the conflict between imam-khatib Abdulbari N. Isaev and Chairman of the twenty (dvadtsatka) Usman Bogdanov, the author examines the system of power relations within religious communities in the USSR in the postwar period. In particular, the article mentions the narrative that Bogdanov proposed to subordinate dvadtsatka directly to the Commissioner of the Council for Religious Affairs in the Leningrad Region.

scholarly journals Disciplining Media Studies: An Expanding Field and its (Self-) Definition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Schröter
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Anglophone World

This chapter is a modified translation of the foreword to the Handbuch Medienwissenschaft(Handbook of Media Studies, Schröter ed.) published in Germany in 2014. The purpose ofthis handbook is to provide an overview of the vibrant and heterogeneous field ofkulturwissenschaftliche Medienwissenschaft – media studies as oriented toward humanitiesand cultural studies interests and approaches rather than those of communication studiesand the social sciences, subsequently referred to simply as “media studies.” Some of thecategories used to structure the handbook have been generated from the historicaldiscussions in the field; and inevitably, these same historical discussions have shown thedifficulties of defining the external boundaries of the field of media studies, its internaldifferentiations and the way they re-connect to traditional disciplines. It gives an overview ofthe history of the disciplinary constitution of ‘media studies’ with a special focus on differentapproaches to disciplinary self-reflection that have accompanied the field from the verybeginning.2 In this way, it introduces the reader to a variety of sources not very well known inthe Anglophone world. Therefore, the penultimate section of this chapter, originally titled “The structure of this handbook” might on the one hand appear to some to be too specific for the current volume. On the other hand, however, it serves as a concrete example of how the field may be configured.

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