Case-Based Environmental Ethics

1998 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Jack Weir
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Case Based

Cases have been widely used in medical ethics and law. In both fields, numerous books and articles about cases have appeared, including book-length catalogs of cases. I argue that pluralistic casuistry provides an adequate approach to environmental ethics. It retains the strengths while avoiding the weaknesses of the other approaches. Importantly, it resolves some broader theoretical issues and provides a clear, explicit methodology for education and praxis.

Case-Based Reasoning

2020 ◽  
pp. 353-374
Author(s):  
Carlos Hernán Hernán Fajardo-Toro ◽  
Andrés Lopez Astudillo ◽  
Paloma María Teresa Martínez Sánchez ◽  
Paola Andrea Sánchez Sánchez ◽  
Alvaro José Fajardo-Toro
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
High Uncertainty ◽  
Case Based

Companies must deal with a high uncertainty caused by the characteristics of the markets and the economic, political, and social environment in which they offer their products and services. These characteristics are defined by the preferences of the consumers, which have a high variety coupled with the digital era. On the other hand, there is the necessity to implement measures that align the companies with the sustainability concepts, because of both legislations as well as the image that the customer could have of them. Due to this context, the organizations must find a way to optimize process and structures that require high flexibility given the need of combining perfect innovation, customization, standardization, and sustainability. Part of this planning process is the construction of forecast models that allows predicting with high precisión. In this chapter, a theoretical exposition is done and a literature revision of machine learning techniques is applied to try to solve the forecasting problem with special emphasis in neural networks and Case-Based Reasoning - CBR.

Argument Structure and Morphology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Wood ◽  
Neil Myler
Keyword(s):  
Argument Structure ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Structure And Morphology ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Issues

The topic “argument structure and morphology” refers to the interaction between the number and nature of the arguments taken by a given predicate on the one hand, and the morphological makeup of that predicate on the other. This domain turns out to be crucial to the study of a number of theoretical issues, including the nature of thematic representations, the proper treatment of irregularity (both morphophonological and morphosemantic), and the very place of morphology in the architecture of the grammar. A recurring question within all existing theoretical approaches is whether word formation should be conceived of as split across two “places” in the grammar, or as taking place in only one.

Dignitarian medical ethics

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Good Argument ◽  
Equal Status ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Philosophers and bioethicists are typically sceptical about invocations of dignity in ethical debates. Many believe that dignity is essentially devoid of meaning: either a mere rhetorical gesture used in the absence of good argument or a faddish term for existing values like autonomy and respect. On the other hand, the patient experience of dignity is a substantial area of research in healthcare fields like nursing and palliative care. In this paper, it is argued that philosophers have much to learn from the concrete patient experiences described in healthcare literature. Dignity is conferred on people when they are treated as having equal status, something the sick and frail are often denied in healthcare settings. The importance of equal status as a unique value has been forcefully argued and widely recognised in political philosophy in the last 15 years. This paper brings medical ethics up to date with philosophical discussion about the value of equal status by developing an equal status conception of dignity.

The Political Creed of Thomas Cromwell

1956 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Elton
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Law ◽  
Theoretical Issues

TWO views are current concerning the political views of Thomas Cromwell. One—the more common—holds that he believed in absolute monarchy and desired to establish it in England. The Abbé Constant, summarizing (as was his wont) other people's views in language free from other people's reservations, stated it most starkly: he thought that Cromwell aimed at making Henry ‘tout-puissant’ and that his ministry was the golden age of Tudor despotism. Quite recently, an ingenious theory, buttressed with a misunderstood document, based itself on this general conviction. This view has suffered curiously little from the growing realization that the Henrician Reformation rested on conscious co-operation with Parliament and that the propagandists of the time never produced a theory of absolute monarchy. Pollard, the defender of Henry VIII's constitutionalism, seems to have held that, though the king had no ambitions for a genuine despotism, Cromwell certainly harboured such ideas. The other view, recently given support by Dr. Parker, holds that Cromwell did not bother at all about theoretical issues, that his ‘resolutely Philistine type of mind’ despised political theory, and that he never thought beyond the establishment of a sovereign monarchy. Thus, too, Mr. Baumer thought that Cromwell saw in Parliament ‘only a means of executing the royal will’, but also that he ‘had no theoretical views whatever about the relation of the king to the law’—passages hard to reconcile but suggestive of Dr. Parker's views rather than M. Constant's.

The Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources: A Philosophical Analysis of the Halakhic Sources

AJS Review ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Sokol
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Jewish Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Real Thing ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
The Real ◽  
Jewish Ethics ◽  
The One

What is Jewish ethics? Is there a distinct academic discipline under the rubric of “Jewish studies” or “Jewish philosophy” which can properly be called “Jewish ethics”? The answer to these two related questions is more elusive than one might think. Indeed, it has recently been argued that there really is no such thing as Jewish ethics at all. On the one hand, if a principle of action is truly ethical, then it must be universal, and if it is universal, it cannot be distinctively Jewish. On the other hand, if Jewish ethics is really halakhah in disguise, as so many writers in the field of medical ethics, for example, seem to believe, then why bother with the disguise if one can get the real thing?

scholarly journals The Foundations of Godwinian Impartiality

Utilitas ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT LAMB
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Moral Worth ◽  
The Other ◽  
William Godwin ◽  
Political Theories ◽  
Act Utilitarianism ◽  
Case Based

William Godwin is often cited in contemporary philosophical discussions of ethical impartiality, within which he functions as a sort of shorthand for a particularly crude and extreme act-utilitarianism, one that contains no foundational commitments other than the maximizing of some conception of the general good. This article offers a reinterpretation of Godwin's argument, by focusing closely on the ambiguous nature of its justificatory foundations. Although utilitarian political theories seem to have two possible justifications available to them – egalitarian and teleological – there has been little effort to establish which one of them Godwin's argument for impartiality relies on. This problem becomes more complicated when it is acknowledged that Godwin actually provides two different justifications for impartiality, only one of which is consequentialist. The other seems to make a case based on the recognition of moral worth and virtue. This is something confirmed through analysis of Godwin's writings on equality and suggests his political theory is more complex than most philosophers are willing to admit.

scholarly journals Under Darwin’s Cosh? Neo-Aristotelian Thinking in Environmental Ethics

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Michael Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
General Position ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Individual Human

As a first shot, one might say that environmental ethics is concerned distinctively with the moral relations that exist between, on the one hand, human beings and, on the other, the non-human natural environment. But this really is only a first shot. For example, one might be inclined to think that at least some components of the non-human natural environment (non-human animals, plants, species, forests, rivers, ecosystems, or whatever) have independent moral status, that is, are morally considerable in their own right, rather than being of moral interest only to the extent that they contribute to human well-being. If so, then one might be moved to claim that ethical matters involving the environment are best cashed out in terms of the dutes and responsibilities that human beings have to such components. If, however, one is inclined to deny independent moral status to the non-human natural environment or to any of its components, then one might be moved to claim that the ethical matters in question are exhaustively delineated by those moral relations existing between individual human beings, or between groups of human beings, in which the non-human natural environment figures. One key task for the environmental ethicist is to sort out which, if either, of these perspectives is the right one to adopt—as a general position or within particular contexts. I guess I don’t need to tell you that things get pretty complicated pretty quickly.

scholarly journals Clíticos e afixos na família Kariri (Clitics and affixes in Karirí language family)

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Davi Borges de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Language Family ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Free Word

O presente artigo procura apontar certos parâmetros e testes para a análise de partículas gramaticais na família Karirí (Macro-Jê), com o objetivo de classificá-las como afixos, clíticos ou formas livres. Para tanto, serão discutidos alguns pressupostos teóricos a respeito dos critérios de identificação de afixos e clíticos (2). Em seguida, serão apontados os clíticos do Kipeá (3), variedade mais bem documentada da família, diferenciando-os dos afixos (4). Finalmente, em (5), a análise feita para o Kipeá será estendida aos demais membros da família.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Karirí. Clítico. Afixo. ABSTRACT The present paper intends to point out linguistic tests to analyze grammatical particles on Karirí language family. The main objective is to classify those particles as affixes, clitics or free word. Thus, it will be discussed some theoretical issues on affixes and clitics (2). After that, Kipeá clitics will be analyzed (3) followed by the analysis of its clitics (4). Worth mention is the fact that Kipeá is the better documented variety of Karirí language family. Finally, it will be extended the Kipeá analysis to the other varieties.KEYWORDS: Karirí. Clitics. Affix.  

scholarly journals Protestant Traditions of Bioethics Bases (Translation from German by Ganna Hubenko)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Hans-Martin Sass
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Buddhist Philosophy ◽  
Common Morality ◽  
The Us ◽  
Modern Sense ◽  
Living Being

The term and concept of bioethics  (Bio-Ethik) originally were developed by Fritz Jahr, a Protestant Pastor in Halle an der Saale in 1927, long before in the 1970ties bioethics in the modern sense was recreated in the US and since has spread globally. Jahr’s bioethical imperative, influenced by Christian and humanist traditions from Assisi to Schopenhauer and by Buddhist philosophy holds its own position against Kant’s anthropological imperative and against dogmatic Buddhist reasoning: ‘Respect each living being as an end in itself and treat it, if possible, as such’. Jahr interprets the 5th Commandment ‘Thou shalt not kill’ offensively and liberally as ‘common morality’ which includes the obligation of caring for one’s own health, public health and health education within the wider framework of a universal bioethical Sittengesetz. Pastor Fritz Jahr, who had no immediate influence during his times, built a strong first Protestant foundation for contemporary theological and ethical concepts in medical ethics, bioethics, and environmental ethics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document