scholarly journals Increase in outdoor carbon dioxide and its effects on the environment and human health in Kuje FCT Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Okobia ◽  
S. M. Hassan ◽  
Adakayi Peter
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Detection Instrument

Globally there are concerns about outdoor air pollution and its effects on the environment and human health. Researchers are concerned with the negative effects of and best mitigation strategies for air pollution. Climate change and human health are a common phenomenon associated with air pollution, as carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed and emitted naturally as part of the carbon cycle. This study was aimed at assessing the emission level of CO2 in Kuje Area Council in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria and its effect on the environment and human health. Fifty specific residential and commercial locations were considered, and over 1200 observations of CO2 field data were collected and analysed during two seasons–dry and wet. The land-use settlement pattern was taken into consideration. The data were collected weekly at different time bands (2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-hour time intervals) using the AMPROBE CO2-100, CO2 meter gas detection instrument with self-calibration capability of ±30 parts per million (ppm), ±5% reading (0–5000) accuracy. A Garmin CX60 global positioning system was used to obtain the point locations Universal Transvers Mercator coordinates. The results showed higher mean CO2 emission values of >541 ppm and <713 ppm during the dry and wet seasons, respectively. It was also observed that these values were contrary to and exceeded the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers and Occupational Safety and Health Administration normal outdoor level standards of 350–450 ppm. These higher CO2 values were found in the residential and commercial districts, and if not monitored and controlled they will have adverse effects on human health and climate change effects. Quick interventions would be to plant trees to sequestrate the CO2 and to regulate the transportation system within the area due to continuous carbon emission.

scholarly journals Aerosol exposure versus aerosol cooling of climate: what is the optimal emission reduction strategy for human health?

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 9441-9449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Löndahl ◽  
E. Swietlicki ◽  
E. Lindgren ◽  
S. Loft
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

Abstract. Particles, climate change, and health have thought-provoking interactions. Air pollution is one of the largest environmental problems concerning human health. On the other hand, aerosol particles can have a cooling effect on climate and a reduction of those emissions may result in an increased temperature globally, which in turn may have negative health effects. The objective of this work was to investigate the "total health effects" of aerosol emissions, which include both exposure to particles and consequences for climate change initiated by particles. As a case study the "total health effect" from ship emissions was derived by subtracting the number of deaths caused by exposure with the estimated number of lives saved from the cooling effect of the emissions. The analysis showed that, with current level of scientific understanding, it could not be determined whether ship emissions are negative or positive for human health on a short time scale. This first attempt to approximate the combined effect of particle emissions on health shows that reductions of particulate air pollution will in some cases (black carbon) have win-win effects on health and climate, but sometimes also cause a shift from particle exposure-related health effects towards an increasing risk of health consequences from climate change. Thus, measures to reduce aerosol emissions have to be coupled with climate change mitigation actions to achieve a full health benefit on a global level.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Climate Change Effects on Allergies in the Anthropocene: Abundance, Interaction, and Modification of Allergens and Adjuvants

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 4119-4141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Reinmuth-Selzle ◽  
Christopher J. Kampf ◽  
Kurt Lucas ◽  
Naama Lang-Yona ◽  
Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Climate Change Effects

Health-relevant influences of air substances and meteorological conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Koller ◽  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Markus Wehler ◽  
Elke Hertig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Emergency Department Data

&lt;p&gt;For a long time it has been known that exceptionally strong and long-lasting heat waves have negative health effects on the population, which is expressed in an intensification of existing diseases and over-mortality of certain risk groups (Kampa, Castanas 2008). Often associated with heat are stagnant airflow conditions that cause a large increase in the concentration of certain air substances (Ebi, McGregor 2008). Many of these air substances have a strong adverse effect on the human organism (Kampa, Castanas 2008).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of the project is to investigate the actual hazard potential of health-relevant air pollution- and climatological variables by quantifying the effects on human health of increased exposure to air constituents and temperature extremes. Different multivariate statistical methods such as correlation analysis, regression models and random forests, extreme value analysis and individual case studies are used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As a medical data basis for this purpose, the emergency department data of the University Hospital Augsburg are regarded. In addition to the diagnosis, supplementary information such as age, gender, place of residence and pre-existing conditions of the patients are used. Among the air constituents, the focus is on ozone, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter. In the meteorological part, the focus is primarily on temperature, which is not only a direct burden but, as in the case of ozone, also has a decisive influence on the formation of ozone molecules. However, a large number of other meteorological parameters such as precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed as well as the synoptic situation also play a major role in the formation, decomposition process and the distribution of pollutants (Ebi, McGregor 2008).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The first major question to answer is whether air-pollution and meteorological stress situations are visible in the emergency department data. Further in-depth questions are which factors have the greatest negative impact, what is the most common environment-related disease, which weather conditions carry a higher than average risk and what are the health risks of climate change.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ideally, the analysis may also provide a short-term forecast from which to derive whether or not there will be an above or below average number of visits to the emergency department.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The project is funded by the German Federal Foundation for Environment (DBU) and the German Research Foundation (DFG) - project number 408057478.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Literature&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ebi K., McGregor G. (2008): Climate Change, Tropospheric Ozone and Particulate Matter, and Health Impacts. doi: 10.1289/ehp.11463&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kampa M., Castanas E. (2008): Human health effects of air pollution. In: Environmental Pollution 151(2): 362-367. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.012&lt;/p&gt;

A Study on Methane Emissions and Its Mitigation Strategies in Present Scenario

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Swati SachdevSanjeev Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Methane Generation

Methane is an important gas of earth's environment. It emits from various naturally as well as anthropogenic sources and responsible for maintaining earth's global temperature favorable for humans and other organisms to live. In recent years many activities of human development led to generation of a large volume of methane which has exhibited catastrophic effect on humans as well as animal lives on earth. Methane poses high global warming potential and has been found second most abounded gas in the environment responsible for global warming of earth after carbon dioxide which is well documented in gigantic body of literature. Methane emission is projected to reach 254 Gg/ year by the year 2025. The sources of methane generation are scattered in nature that includes marshes, paddy crops, landfills and natural anaerobic decomposition of the organic matter present in the environment and digestion in ruminants as well handling and use of fossil fuels. The versatile sources of methane generation are uncontrolled and tough to be tamed. However, its emissions and negative effects could be reduced by effectively and efficiently managing its sources of emission and utilizing generated volume for energy production. This study emphasize on the harmful as well as beneficial aspects of the methane, its utilization and strategies to control emission from various sources.

scholarly journals Underground Mine Refuge Alternatives Heat Mitigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincan Yan ◽  
David Yantek ◽  
Timothy Lutz ◽  
Jeffrey Yonkey ◽  
Justin Srednicki
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract In case of an emergency in an underground coal mine, miners who fail to escape from the mine can enter a refuge alternative (RA) for protection from adverse conditions, such as high carbon monoxide levels. One of the main concerns with the use of both portable and built-in-place (BIP) RAs, especially for hot or deep mines, is the interior temperature rise due to the occupants' metabolic heat and the heat released by devices such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) scrubbing system. The humidity within the RA will also increase through occupants' respiration and perspiration and from the chemical reaction within the CO2 scrubbing system. Heat and humidity buildup can subject the occupants to hazardous thermal conditions. To protect RA occupants, Mine Safety and Health Administration regulations mandate a maximum apparent temperature of 95 °F within an occupied RA. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) tested both an air-conditioned borehole air supply (BAS) and a cryogenic air supply for RAs in the NIOSH Experimental Mine in Bruceton, PA. The BAS was tested on a 60-person BIP RA, while the cryogenic air supply was tested on a 30-person BIP RA and a portable 23-person tent-type RA. Multiple tests were conducted with both air supplies to assess their ability to cool RAs. The test results show that the BAS and the cryogenic air supply were able to maintain the apparent temperature within the tested RAs under the 95 °F limit. The BAS and the cryogenic air supply are potential RA heat mitigation strategies that mines could use to prevent heat/humidity buildup within RAs.

scholarly journals Macro-level study on Climate Change effects on agriculture and human health in Western Himalayas: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The current study reveals that the western Himalayas has a fragile ecosystem, highly susceptible to rapid changes in land morphology due to the consequences of climate change. Land-use and climatic change in this region has negative impacts on agriculture and human health. Increasing temperature, erratic precipitation, and rising CO2 concentrations are the main drivers which show adverse effects on agriculture and human health. The impacts trends in this region can be categorised into exacerbated pathogenicity are pathogens, and hence disease outbreaks, changes in the traditional agriculture techniques, and people’s migration that directly changes in ecological and leading to social inequalities. In the last few decades, there have been changes in vector species distribution in agriculture and increases of forest pest species attacks by climate change in agriculture and forest pest increases, and parasites are emerging during periods of these last few decades. Enhancement of seasonal transmission and distribution of pests pushes food insecurity and vector-borne infections deteriorate human health. This review article tries to analyse different literature on the effects of climate change on agriculture and human health in the Western Himalayas and suggest agroforestry and agroecology is some of the strategies to overcome climate change impact.

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