Anglo-Scottish Relations: A Borderland Perspective

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Tomaney
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

This chapter points out that the Provinces of England begins by ‘rejecting the idea of an English parliament’ on the grounds that an English parliament would ‘dominate the federation in the manner that Prussia had dominated the German Empire before 1914’. It also charts the rise of regionalism in North-East England during the twentieth century. Additionally, it argues that after 1914 North-East voices were central to the promotion of regional concerns in England and played a pivotal role in the wider emergence of political regionalism. The political expression of regionalism shifted significantly during the twentieth century. C. B. Fawcett's essay was a distinctive (northern) English contribution to the debate about ‘Home Rule All Round’. It raises issues that had begun finally to be grappled with at the close of the twentieth century. The North-East became the archetypal ‘problem region’ and the focus of multiple ‘regional policies’ over the following decades. Moreover, the regionalism in the era of nationalisation is discussed. The particular identity of the region and the need for institutional innovation to address longstanding social and economic problems is then emphasized.

Italian Legal Scholarship of International Law in the Early Decades of the Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-167
Author(s):  
Giulio Bartolini
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Positive Law

In 1931 Lauterpacht described the Italian scholarship as characterized by a ‘rigid and frequently uncompromising positivist school in international law’. While his statement has some merits, this chapter seeks both to illustrate how this trend emerged from previous approaches and, conversely, to emphasize the multifaceted perspectives that were effectively present in those decades, thus partly circumscribing Lauterpacht’s assertion. Following a survey of the fluid approaches present at the beginning of the twentieth century, this chapter will introduce the pivotal role of Dionisio Anzilotti in favoring legal positivism, even if dissident voices were still present or subsequently emerged. After Anzilotti, other poles of attraction emerged, in particular through Santi Romano and other scholars, who, while still claiming to adhere to the lines of positive law, deprived this conception of several of its original theoretical attributes. Conversely, few attempts were made to elaborate doctrines aimed at reflecting the political ambitions of Fascism, which was unsuccessful in influencing the broad theoretical debate.

Some Land-Use Problems of North-east Thailand

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Y. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range

Both in terms of area and population, the fifteen changwads of the North-east constitute the largest of the four basic regions in the Kingdom of Thailand. Recent census data indicate that 37.9 per cent of the 3.2 million Thai farm households live in this region cultivating a similar proportion of the country's 69.7 million rai (I rai = 0.395 acre) of land in agricultural holdings. However, the region seems to have more than its fair share of the problems which stand in the way of the Government's efforts to accelerate the country's economic development. At present, the solution to the ‘North-east Problem’ remains as elusive as it was a decade ago. In spite of the impressive amount of public expenditure already poured into the region for improving the infra-structure and providing a wide range of rural facilities, together with an ever-increasing amount of services rendered by national and international agencies for planning and implementing the processes of growth, the per caput income of the North-easterner still lags as far behind that of his fellow countryman residing elsewhere in the kingdom as it did in the recent past. This article attempts to analyse the interaction of the physical conditions and socio-economic problems which are bound up in the existing land-use system of the North-east.

Revivals

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-162
Author(s):  
Crawford Gribben
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Home Rule ◽  
Popular Belief ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Potato Famine

This chapter explores the revival in 1859 of religious enthusiasm in the north-east counties of Ireland. The effect of the 1859 revival was that the communities of Irish protestants became both more denominationally diverse and more politically united. Protestants who have not been brought together by the economic compulsion of the penal laws were instead combined by the powerful effects of evangelical faith and by fears about the possibility of home rule. In the same period, Catholic religion was similarly transformed. While never promoting the emotionalism that characterized the revivalist piety of the evangelicals, the Catholic ‘devotional revolution’ drew upon several generations of changes in popular belief and behaviour to promote, in the aftermath of the potato famine, catechism, regular confession, and weekly mass attendance. The power of these religious communities became increasingly important at home. In the early nineteenth century, the complexities of the ancien régime were radically simplified, as the multiple identities of the eighteenth century gave way to the differentiation of Catholics and nationalists versus Protestants and unionists.

scholarly journals Nigerian Refugees in Cameroon: Understanding the Politics of Voluntary Refugee Repatriation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Ugo Igariwey Iduma ◽  
Musa Yahi Musa
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
The Political ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
National Emergency

The paper observes that the inability of the Nigerian government to defeat Boko Haram has created a stream of problems for Cameroon as the paper identifies some Boko Haram activities in Cameroon is prompting a premature repatriation of Nigerian refugees by the Cameroonian government. According to the National Emergency Agency reports in 2015 the Cameroonian government forcefully repatriated 3.500 Nigerian refugees, the report added that the refugees were not informed of their return and were transported like animals, and dropped at home in cruel conditions. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (2004) explains that the premature repatriation of Nigerian refugee is a violation of the principle of non-refoulement as the condition in the North East is not conducive for the repatriation of Nigerian refugees. Thus, a tripartite agreement was reached between Nigeria, Cameroon, and UNHCR to ensure the safety and legality of the return of Nigerian refugees. The paper investigates the efforts of the Nigerian government towards the proper repatriation and reintegration of the refugees in safety and dignity. Using secondary data, the paper concluded that repatriation of the Nigerian refugees intended to address the humanitarian needs of the refugees is rather serving the political interest of various actor. The paper recommends a sustainable reintegration framework be established for the returnees. 

scholarly journals Svevo, Italo (1861–1928)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Van Den Bossche
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
James Joyce ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Freudian Psychoanalysis ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Car Accident

Italo Svevo was born as Aron Ettore Schmitz in 1861 in Trieste, a city in the north-east of Italy that until 1919 was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Due to the economic woes that hit his bourgeois family, he was forced to work as a bank clerk, albeit without giving up the dream of a literary career. Initially interested mainly in theatre, he published a couple of short stories and two novels, Una vita [A Life] (1893), and Senilità [As a Man Grows Older] (1898). During the first decades of the twentieth century, Svevo’s interest in literature seemed to have waned, at least in appearance, both because of the limited success of his work and his busy professional life. In the same period, however, he made a close friend of James Joyce (who lived in Trieste from 1905 to 1914) and discovered Freudian psychoanalysis, two important factors in the genesis of his third novel, La coscienza di Zeno [Zeno’s Conscience] (1923), soon recognized as one of the ground-breaking novels of international modernism. Encouraged by this success, Svevo planned a fourth novel and published several short stories. Svevo died in 1928 from the injuries sustained in a car accident.

scholarly journals Role of Housing Reconstruction Between Years 2000 - 2014 in Merging of Urban Structure of The North East Wrocław / Rola Zabudowy Mieszkaniowej z Lat 2000-2014 w Scalaniu Struktury Urbanistycznej Północno-Wschodniego Wrocławia

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Robert Masztalski ◽  
Marcin Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Multifamily Housing ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Housing Reconstruction

Abstract The article presents the urban structure of the North-East of Wroclaw, where in the vicinity of the historic buildings and residential buildings from the 70s of the last century, and between, in the last 20 years there were built new buildings, as binding material of the urban structure. The new multifamily housing development of years 2000-2014 of Psie Pole as a housing development in Wroclaw, closes the gap between the historic district residential buildings in the old Psie Pole and the buildings of large slabs of the 70s of the twentieth century. The contemporary residential development uses the existing social infrastructure centre of the old Psie Pole district, and also the social infrastructure of the housing development of 70s of the twentieth century. The authors analyze, in the first part, the spatial development of these areas on the basis of historical materials. In the following, based on an analysis of urban structure created in the last 15 years of development, analyze existing conditions, context and value (in terms of urban planning - the wealth of social infrastructure), the contemporary housing development of Psie Pole.

“A Close-Knit Group, Chosen with Care”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padraic Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Political Prisoners ◽  
The Political ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Internment Camp ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

The political prison cell is a place of community. Prisoners build networks of communication using a variety of techniques ranging from smuggled notes to hand signals to knocking on walls. Political prisoners also organize themselves in prison. They are influenced by the development of prisoners of war camps in the early twentieth century. The Frongoch internment camp in Wales for Irish rebels of 1916 and the Szczypiorno POW camp for Poles who had refused allegiance to the German Empire a year later are key instances of how political incarceration and military hierarchy could reinforce one another. The komuna among Polish communists in the interwar years shows how such organization could further integrate and discipline members of a movement behind bars.

‘Abandon Hibernicisation’: priests, Ribbonmen and an Irish street fight in the north-east of England in 1858*

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (194) ◽  
pp. 557-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. MacRaild
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Involvement ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Political Expression ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Irish Migrants ◽  
Social Catholicism ◽  
The Church

Abstract This article seeks to contextualize a rare piece of evidence of the Catholic Church's attempts to control nationalist political expression among Irish migrants. The evidence, a letter from a priest to his bishop in Darlington, was generated by an investigation of a street riot in Sunderland in 1858. A detailed statement of such controlling influences is uncommon, even though historians have occasionally uncovered fleeting examples that are similar in nature. The discussion which follows seeks to fit this evidence, and its immediate context, into a wider historiography concerning the interplay of social Catholicism and the political involvement of Irish migrants. This document portrays the English priest as a kind of politico-religious policeman, and explains the lengths to which the Church was willing to go in ensuring that strict adherence to Catholic practice was not affected by the demands of clandestine political organizations. Although the events discussed here are very specific, in both period and place, the article seeks to contribute to an understanding of parish life where politics and faith became entwined.

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