Traders

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Haour
Keyword(s):  
Specific Context ◽  
North West ◽  
The Common

This chapter examines the similarities in the medieval Sahel and north-west Europe within the specific context of trade, and particularly of traders. It outlines the common themes of trade in central Sahel and north-west Europe including the mechanisms for the movement of goods and forms of trade. The findings indicate that the commerce in slaves is a strong thread of similarity and a concrete link between north-west Europe and the central Sahel.

scholarly journals Diocesan Licensing and Medical Practitioners in South-West England, 1660–1780

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Mortimer
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Medical Expertise ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Decentralized Trade ◽  
South West ◽  
The Many ◽  
South West England

The licensing of provincial surgeons and physicians in the post-Restoration period has proved an awkward subject for medical historians. It has divided writers between those who regard the possession of a local licence as a mark of professionalism or proficiency, those who see the existence of diocesan licences as a mark of an essentially unregulated and decentralized trade, and those who discount the distinction of licensing in assessing medical expertise availability in a given region. Such a diversity of interpretations has meant that the very descriptors by which practitioners were known to their contemporaries (and are referred to by historians) have become fragmented and difficult to use without a specific context. As David Harley has pointed out in his study of licensed physicians in the north-west of England, “historians often define eighteenth-century physicians as men with medical degrees, thus ignoring … the many licensed physicians throughout the country”. One could similarly draw attention to the inadequacy of the word “surgeon” to cover licensed and unlicensed practitioners, barber-surgeons, Company members in towns, self-taught practitioners using surgical manuals, and procedural specialists whose work came under the umbrella of surgery, such as bonesetters, midwives and phlebotomists. Although such fragmentation of meaning reflects a diversity of practices carried on under the same occupational descriptors in early modern England, the result is an imprecise historical literature in which the importance of licensing, and especially local licensing, is either ignored as a delimiter or viewed as an inaccurate gauge of medical proficiency.

scholarly journals On tho proportions of the prevailing winds, the mean temperature, and depth of rain in the climate of London, computed through a cycle of Eighteen Years, or periods of the Moon’s declination

1843 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 300-300
Keyword(s):  
The Moon ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
North West ◽  
West Wind ◽  
North East ◽  
East Wind ◽  
The North ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solar Influence

In this paper the author investigates the periodical variations of the winds, rain and temperature, corresponding to the conditions of the moon’s declination, in a manner similar to that he has already followed in the case of the barometrical variations, on a period of years extending from 1815 to 1832 inclusive. In each case he gives tables of the average quantities for each week, at the middle of which the moon is in the equator, or else has either attained its maximum north or south declination. He thus finds that a north-east wind is most promoted by the constant solar influence which causes it, when the moon is about the equator, going from north to south; that a south-east wind, in like manner, prevails most when the moon is proceeding to acquire a southern declination ; that winds from the south and west blow more when the moon is in her mean degrees of declination, going either way, than with a full north or south declination ; and that a north-west wind, the common summer and fair weather wind of the climate, affects, in like manner, the mean declination, in either direction, in preference to the north or south, and most when the moon is coming north. He finds the average annual depth of rain, falling in the neighbourhood of London, is 25’17 inches.

Wirtschaftswandel als Kulturwandel? Die Gemeinwohl-Ökonomie als möglicher Wegbereiter für eine Kultur wechselseitiger Verbundenheit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-191
Author(s):  
Cornelia Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Ecological Responsibility ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Mode Of Production

The article analyzes the development of new post-capitalist practices with their possible effects on the transformation of self-images and self-conceptions using the example of the economy for the common good. To this end, the connection between the current subject order, the present social crises and the complex entanglement of the prevailing mode of production and life is explained. A socio-ecological transformation would therefore also have to be linked to the emergence of an alternative subject culture which is oriented towards cooperation and community. The Association of Common Good Economy (Verein der Gemeinwohl-Oekonomie) and common good-oriented companies are used in this research as a space to observe social-cultural practices and new forms and conventions of cooperation in their acceptance and dissemination. On the one hand, it shows that these companies, with their values based on cooperation, social and global justice and ecological responsibility, and with their participatory organizational structures, offer opportunities for countercultural practices and make utopias tangible, so that social change and self-change are being made possible on a small scale. On the other hand, by means of detailed examples the inconsistencies of social-cultural practices and the hybrid mixture of subject forms become clear and comprehensible in their specific context.

Public Theology as Christian Witness: Exploring the Genre

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
John de Gruchy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Public Theology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
The Common ◽  
Christian Witness

AbstractThis article explores the genre of public theology from the specific context of South Africa, while looking for the points of commonality set out by Duncan Forrester. Since the phrase 'public theology' refers to an engagement between theology and politics in specific locations, its content will be diverse and, yet, there is much that diverse public theologies share. Moreover, good practice in public theology requires that secularity and religious diversity are taken seriously. Consequently, Christian witness in secular democratic society means promoting the common good by witnessing to core values rather than seeking privilege for the Christian religion. In particular, this article offers the anti-apartheid and other activities of Joseph Wing and Douglas Bax, as well as the academic work of Denise Ackermann and the political service of Alex Boraine as examples of good practice in public theology in South Africa. The article concludes with the affirmation that public theology implies engagement in matters of public importance either through debate or action and always with self-critical theological reflection.

Late Sillimanite in the Migmatites of Kildonan, Sutherland

1948 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Watson
Keyword(s):  
Country Rock ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
North West ◽  
Feature Characteristic ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Village ◽  
Pelitic Rocks

A large part of Central Sutherland is occupied by an injection complex in which rocks of the Moine Series are associated with much granitic and pegmatitic material. These migmatitic Moinian rocks have reached a higher grade of metamorphism than those which occur outside the injection complex. One feature characteristic of the high-grade migmatites is the presence of sillimanite in many of the pelitic and semi-pelitic rocks. Near the village of Kildonan, ten miles north-west of Helmsdale, sillimanite is not only abundant in the country rock, but occurs also in many pegmatitic and aplitic veins. The field and microscopic evidence shows that this mineral was formed as a result of metasomatic activity at a late stage in the history of the injection complex, when the general metamorphism was already on the wane. The sillimanite seems to have no direct connection with the conditions of regional metamorphism. It was formed under the influence of pegmatitic solutions. In view of the common use of this mineral as an index of the grade of regional metamorphism, it is of interest to describe the evidence on which the above conclusions are based.

The Arctic Committee of 1851: A Background Study Part 1

Polar Record ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (124) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Holland
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
North West ◽  
Devon Island ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Common Purpose ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Private Venture

In 1850, five expeditions sailed for Baffin Bay with the common purpose of searching the Canadian Arctic for Sir John Franklin's missing North-west Passage expedition. They were all headed for different destinations and should have found themselves wintering many hundreds of miles apart; but, as chance would have it, three of them, led by Captain Horatio T. Austin, RN, Admiral Sir John Ross and the whaling master William Penny, were thrown together by ice conditions and by events. They wintered in close proximity to one another and were obliged to divide among themselves the search of the surrounding area. Ross's little private venture was too poorly equipped to contribute much, but the other two achieved very promising results: Austin's men discovered the first traces of the Franklin expedition on Devon Island and, in cooperation with Penny, located Franklin's first winter quarters on Beechey Island. In the following spring, sledge parties went out to explore hundreds of miles of new coastline; Austin found no further trace of Franklin, but Penny found persuasive evidence to suggest that the missing expedition had sailed up Wellington Channel (as, indeed, it had done, though it had not remained in that area). With the work of the travelling parties concluded, and after some conversation between Austin and Penny on 11 August 1851, all three expeditions set course for home.

scholarly journals The lower Miocene flint conglomerate, Jylland, Denmark: a result of the Savian tectonic phase

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Skovbjerg Rasmussen ◽  
Karen Dybkjær
Keyword(s):  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Lower Miocene ◽  
North West ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Active Salt ◽  
The Common

The early Miocene was an important period for the development of the eastern North Sea. Tectonism in North-West Europe resulted in uplift of the Scandinavian mountains, reactivation of salt structures, inversion of old graben structures and deposition of the most coarse-grained deposits in the Danish pre-Quaternary succession. Some of these deposits were later cemented into conglomerates. The deposits are common in the fluvial parts of the Billund Formation (Aquitanian) and the basal transgressive lag of the late Aquitanian – Burdigalian Klintinghoved Formation capping the Billund Formation. Questions remained as to the age of these deposits and what they infer about tectonic events in the region. This study reviews the geology of the flint-dominated conglomerates and presents the first dates for a sample of these unique deposits. We observe grain sizes up to 5 cm diameter. Palynological analyses place the sample as early Miocene. Some samples from the area have suggested a local source near active salt structures, associated with the uplift of the pre-Neogene sedimentary successions. We suggest that the common occurrences of flint clasts in the lower Miocene succession reveal significant erosion of Upper Cretaceous and Danian chalk, likely associated with the uplift of the Scandinavian lowlands during the Savian tectonic phase, early Miocene.

scholarly journals Appearance of the common paper nautilus Argonauta argo related to the increase of the sea surface temperature in the north-eastern Atlantic

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guerra ◽  
A.F. González ◽  
F. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
First Record ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the increase of the sea surface temperature observed off the Galician coast and the appearance of a tropical poikilotherm species Argonauta argo in these coasts is discussed. This is the first record of Argonautaargo in the north-west Iberian Peninsula. A female of this species was captured alive near the surface at dusk on 22 December 2000 in the Ria de Aldán (42°15′N–08°48′W). The specimen, a mature female of 70 mm mantle length and 96 mm shell diameter, died 36 hours after introduction in the tank.

scholarly journals XXXIII.—The Trap Dykes of the Orkneys

1900 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 865-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Flett
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Basaltic Rock ◽  
The West ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
North West ◽  
The Common ◽  
Granite Outcrop

The existence of a series of trap dykes cutting the Old Red Sandstone strata of the Orkneys has been noted by most of the geologists who have examined the islands. In his description of the Mainland or Pomona, Professor Jameson states (I., p. 233, vol i.) that “at Yesknaby is the only basaltic rock which I observed in the whole island. It forms veins which traverse the common argillaceous sandstone. The crystals of hornblende, which are contained in it, are larger than usual in such rocks, being more than an inch long and half an inch broad. I sometimes observed small cavities filled with bitumen.” Sir Archibald Geikie, in his account of the Old Red Sandstone of Orkney, remarks (II., p. 408): “Here and there a few basalt dykes—far outlying portions, no doubt, of the great Tertiary series of the West of Scotland—cut through the flagstones with a prevalent direction towards west or north-west.” Messrs Peach and Horne, in their paper on The Old Red Sandstone of Orkney (III., p. 14), describe them in the following terms: “Several dykes of basalt were observed among the islands. They are most numerous and conspicuous on the west coast of the Mainland from Breckness to Skaill, but as they have been so often described, it is unnecessary to refer to them in detail. They have the same lithological characters, and behave in exactly the same manner as the dykes in other parts of Scotland, which have been regarded as the product of volcanic energy in Miocene times. A noticeable feature about the Orcadian representatives is, that they are usually divided up the centre of the dyke by a line of vesicles. This is not an uncommon feature elsewhere.” In the chapter on the Geology of Orkney in Tudor's The Orkneys and Shetland, by the same authors, the dykes are referred to in similar terms (IV., p. 191). A somewhat more minute examination of these dykes was made by Professor M. Foster Heddle. He notes the presence of augite, olivine, and hornblende in certain dykes near Skaill (V., p. 118), and gives a map of the dyke which cuts the west end of the granite outcrop at Inganess (V., pl. viii.). He figures also a crystal of augite of simple form which he found in a dyke on Scabra Head, Rousay (V., p. 128).

The Taxonomy of Empathy: A Meta-definition and the Nine Dimensions of the Empathic System

2021 ◽  
pp. 002216782110180
Author(s):  
Michaela Guthridge ◽  
Melita J. Giummarra
Keyword(s):  
Affective State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Order Components

The conceptual diversity in the definition of empathy has resulted in descriptions of a highly heterogeneous collection of related phenomena, causing confusion as to what empathy actually is. Some of this heterogeneity arises due to disparate viewpoints across different disciplines. Capturing this transdisciplinary construct and arriving at a clear and unambiguous overarching definition of empathy will help provide a clearer outline of the fundamental dimensions of empathy, and will facilitate greater consistency in research and discussion of empathy across and between a range of disciplines. An inductive conceptual content analysis of the existing definitions of empathy was undertaken to distil the common higher order and lower order components of empathy definitions that have been used in the literature since 1980. A total of 146 definitions of empathy were sourced from a sample of 506 publications. Nine overarching dimensions were identified within the 146 definitions, including empathy as a catalyst, function, process, outcome, affective state, cognitive state, involving self and other, leading to a behaviour, and occurring in a specific context. The resultant meta-definition of empathy is “the ability to experience affective and cognitive states of another person, while maintaining a distinct self, in order to understand the other.” The results reveal empathy as a complex series of processes that we argue should be considered an “empathic system” given its multidimensional nature.

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