The Social Consequences of Demographic Change in China

China–India ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Davin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Family Building ◽  
And Migration

China, like India, has experienced rapid demographic change in recent decades. Combined with the dramatic economic growth which started with the introduction of market-orientated economic reforms from the late 1970s, demographic change has had enormous impacts on Chinese society, marriage, family relations and family building. This paper starts with a general overview of the ‘planks’ of this demographic change: rising life expectancy and lowered fertility, the distorted child sex ratio, and migration and urbanisation. It then moves on to a discussion of some of the consequences of these changes focusing on marriage, the shortage of brides and marriage finance; the implications of lowered fertility for women; and population aging and its challenge to the intergenerational contract. Marriage migration is discussed both in the context of the shortage of brides, and as one of the changes especially affecting women.

Three Challenges for the Social Investment Strategy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Myles
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Wage Outcomes

Three challenges are highlighted in this chapter to the realization of the social investment strategy in our twenty-first-century world. The first such challenge—intertemporal politics—lies in the term ‘investment’, a willingness to forego some measure of current consumption in order to realize often uncertain gains in the future that would not occur otherwise, such as better schooling, employment, and wage outcomes for the next generation. Second, the conditions that enabled our post-war predecessors to invest heavily in future-oriented public goods—a sustained period of economic growth and historically exceptional tolerance for high levels of taxation—no longer obtain. Third, the millennial cohorts who will bear the costs of a new, post-industrial, investment strategy are more economically divided than earlier cohorts and face multiple demands raised by issues such as population aging and global warming, among others.

Human Capital as a Determinant of Long-Term Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Siriwan Saksiriruthai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Capital Development

This chapter aims to investigate the importance of human capital as a key success factor to economic growth and modern economic reforms as well as exploring determinants of human capital. Then factors influencing human capital accumulation as well as case studies are discussed to illustrate the influence of human capital to economic growth and reforms. Together with economic reforms, supportive education and human capital development policies, some countries could generate a dramatic technology and economic development. Currently, human capital even becomes crucial because of this technological progress. Thus, modern economic reform needs more intense human capital accumulation to cope with more advanced technology. In this chapter, we investigate the role of human capital accumulation by education and migration process in economic reforms and development of three countries with completely different conditions of economic development.

Human Capital as a Determinant of Long-Term Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 1518-1533
Author(s):  
Siriwan Saksiriruthai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Capital Development

This chapter aims to investigate the importance of human capital as a key success factor to economic growth and modern economic reforms as well as exploring determinants of human capital. Then factors influencing human capital accumulation as well as case studies are discussed to illustrate the influence of human capital to economic growth and reforms. Together with economic reforms, supportive education and human capital development policies, some countries could generate a dramatic technology and economic development. Currently, human capital even becomes crucial because of this technological progress. Thus, modern economic reform needs more intense human capital accumulation to cope with more advanced technology. In this chapter, we investigate the role of human capital accumulation by education and migration process in economic reforms and development of three countries with completely different conditions of economic development.

scholarly journals The quality of life of the older generation in Belarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
E. A. Kechyna ◽  
L. V. Filinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The demographic aging of population typical for many countries requires much more financial and material resources to meet the needs of the post-working-age population. For the Republic of Belarus, the problem of population aging is highly relevant for the share of the elderly grows annually. The article focuses on the social-demographic characteristics and quality of life of the older generation in Belarus. The article is based on the data of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus and the results of the sociological research “Belarus: Family, Stability of Family Relations, and Birth Rate in the Changing Social-Economic Conditions” conducted within the international research program “Generation and Gender”. The authors present a sociological-statistical approach to the analysis of the key characteristics of the elderly’s life in contemporary Belarus, which combines the information resources of sociology and statistics. The authors consider the general statistical data on the population aging and the elderly’s features and the sociological indicators revealing the perception of life at the older age. The assessment of the older generation’s life is presented as a set of indicators of the quality of life, which includes both objective statistical data and estimates of the older people’s satisfaction with various aspects of their life. For the first time in Belarus the quality of life of the 60-69- and 70-79-year-old cohorts is studied not only through statistical data but also taking into account their own assessments of various aspects of their lives, which allows to identify the most relevant issues for the social programs aimed at meeting the needs of the older generation.

scholarly journals Social Consequences of Economic Reforms: Subjective Perception vs Statistical Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-118
Author(s):  
S. N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The attitude of the Russian population to the economic reforms that began in this country in January 1992 remains ambiguous. While liberals emphasize that the government of the “young reformers” has opened the way to economic freedom, their opponents believe that the social and financial price paid by the population for the transition to the market was too high. The discussions are mainly conducted in the political terms, but rarely in the fields of economic and social analysis. Based on official statistical data, the article attempts to objectively assess to what extent the situation of the early 1990s was inevitable, and to what extent it was the result of economic reforms. The author analyzes the most acute problems from a social point of view, namely the depreciation of pre-reform saving deposits of the population and the deterioration of demographic indicators. The impact of reforms on the labor market is a separate problem that deserves special consideration. Recognizing the inevitability of market reforms, the author considers options for mitigating the severity of the social situation that have not been implemented for various reasons and some of the compensating tools that were adopted by the Russian Government at the initial stage of reforms.

Social Change and Political Reform in China: Meeting the Challenge of Success

2003 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 926-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Lewis ◽  
Xue Litai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Issues

This article discusses how two decades of economic reforms have intensified popular unrest and redefined the composition, interests and political attitudes of China's ever more complex social strata. It then analyses some of the fundamental domestic and international issues facing Beijing in the course of those reforms and the social problems that have accompanied economic growth. The Communist Party has responded to the challenges generated by these problems and been forced to undertake more active political reforms or face an even greater loss of its authority. The article explains how the Party under the slogan the “three represents” cast its lot with the emerging beneficiaries of its economic reforms in the belief that only continued rapid development can mitigate the most pressing social problems and ensure stability.

Growing U.S. Ethnoracial Diversity: A Positive or Negative Societal Dynamic?

2018 ◽  
Vol 677 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D. Bean
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fostering Creativity

Solving problems of race relations in the United States requires avoiding binary ethnoracial classifications and understanding the nature, extent, and consequences of today’s diversity resulting from immigration. Recent demographic change has involved not only growth in the size of the nonwhite U.S. population but also increases in the number of new ethnoracial groups. Modest socioeconomic improvements have recently occurred among most nonwhite groups, and the rise in the number of different groups has led to some positive changes (i.e., boosting intermarriage and multiracial identification, blurring color lines among ethnoracial groups, and fostering creativity and economic growth) without diminishing social cohesion and solidarity. However, the benefits of multigroup diversity appear not to have reached many Americans who have less felt the social and economic benefits of free trade, globalization, and immigration. This underscores the need for universal policies that transcend identity- and grievance-based politics and provide security and benefits for all Americans.

Will Demographic Change Slow China's Rise?

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Eggleston ◽  
Jean C. Oi ◽  
Scott Rozelle ◽  
Ang Sun ◽  
Andrew Walder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
China’S Rise ◽  
Proximate Determinants ◽  
China's Rise ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

China's 2010 census revealed a population of 1.34 billion, 50 percent urban, 13.3 percent above age sixty, and with 118.06 boys born for every 100 girls. In this article, we discuss how gender imbalance, population aging, and their interaction with rapid urbanization have shaped China's reform era development and will strongly shape China's future. These intertwined demographic changes pose an unprecedented challenge to social and economic governance, contributing to and magnifying the effects of a slower rate of economic growth. We organize the analysis according to the proximate determinants of economic growth: first, labor input and its productivity; second, capital investment and savings; and finally, multi-factor productivity, including social stability and governance. We argue that the economic, political, and social context that turns labor and capital inputs into economic outputs is perhaps the most important and least understood arena in which demographic change will shape China's rise.

Population Aging and Economic Growth in EU Member States

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Yilmaz Bayar ◽  
Aysun Karamikli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Member States ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Aging Phenomenon

The improvements in economic development, living standards, and the health sector have raised the life expectancy on the world. The rising life expectancy together with decreasing fertility rates have led to population aging. The population aging phenomenon has led the researchers to explore the social and economic implications of population aging in different countries and country groups. In the chapter, the authors explore the causality between population aging and economic growth in EU member states during the period of 1996-2019 through causality analysis and revealed a reciprocal causality between population aging and economic growth.

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