Viability loss and ultrastructural changes on protoscolices of human hydatid cysts induced by retinoic acid

ABSTRACTGas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from aromatic water (AW) ofZataria multiflora. Thymol (66.9%), carvacrol (15.2%), and carvone (7.3%) were found to be the major EO constituents. Eighty laboratory BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally by injection of 1,500 viable protoscolices and were divided into prevention (40 mice) and therapeutic (40 mice) groups. To prove the preventive effect of theZ. multifloraAW on development of hydatid cysts, the 40 infected mice were allocated into three treatment groups, including the albendazole group (10 mice that received 150 mg/kg body weight/day for 10 days), theZ. multifloraAW group (15 mice that received 20 ml/liter in drinking water for 8 months), and a control group (15 mice that received no treatment). To estimate the therapeutic effect of theZ. multifloraAW on the hydatid cyst, after 8 months of infection, the 15 remaining mice were allocated into three experimental treatment groups of five animals each, including the albendazole group (300 mg/kg/day for 20 days),Z. multifloraAW group (40 ml/liter in drinking water for 30 days), and control group (no treatment). All mice were then euthanized, and the sizes and weights of the cysts as well as their ultrastructural changes were investigated. The weights and sizes of the hydatid cysts significantly decreased upon treatment with theZ. multifloraAW in both the preventive and therapeutic groups (P< 0.05). The results of scanning electron microscopy also showed considerable damage in the germinal layer of the hydatid cysts recovered from the treated animals.

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Anticestodal Activity of EndophyticPestalotiopsissp. on Protoscoleces of Hydatid CystEchinococcus granulosus

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/308515 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Vijay C. Verma ◽

Mayank Gangwar ◽

Madhu Yashpal ◽

Gopal Nath

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Health Problem ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Selective Action ◽

Therapeutic Doses ◽

Global Health Problem

Surgery is still the main treatment in hydatidosis caused byEchinococcus, which is a global health problem in human and animals. So, there is need for some natural protoscolicidal agents for instillation to prevent their reoccurrence at therapeutic doses. In this present investigation, anticestodal activity of one of the endophytic fungiPestalotiopsissp. from Neem plant was observed on protoscoleces of hydatid cysts ofEchinococcus granulosus. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed by 0.1% aqueous eosin red stain method, where mortality was observed at different concentrations with respect to time. An average anticestodal activity was observed with different endophytic fungal strains, that is,Nigrospora(479 ± 2.9),Colletotrichum(469 ± 25.8),Fusarium(355 ± 14.5), andChaetomium(332 ± 28.3) showing 64 to 70% protoscolicidal activity, exceptPestalotiopsissp. (581 ± 15.0), which showed promising scolicidal activity up to 97% mortality just within 30 min of incubation. These species showed significant reduction in viability of protoscoleces. This is the first report on the scolicidal activity of endophyticPestalotiopsissp. We conclude that ultrastructural changes in protoscoleces were due to endophytic extract suggesting that there may be some bioactive compounds that have selective action on the tegument layer of protoscoleces. As compared with that of standard drug used, endophytic species of Neem plant shows significant anticestodal activity.

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Ultrastructural changes on fertile and infertile hydatid cysts induced by conventional and solid lipid nanoparticles of albendazole and albendazole sulfoxide

Comparative Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1007/s00580-019-02925-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 1045-1053 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdollah Rafiei ◽

Shahrzad Soltani ◽

Zahra Ramezani ◽

Mohammad Reza Abbaspour ◽

Ali Jelowdar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Albendazole Sulfoxide ◽

Solid Lipid

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Long-term administration of vitamin A and the process of spermatogenesis

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/1999.5.1.123 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 123-129

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Retinoic Acid ◽

Leydig Cells ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Retinol Acetate ◽

Term Administration ◽

Stopping Treatment ◽

Prevention Of Cancer

The effect of retinoids on spermatogenesis in adult male gerbils [Gerbillus cheesemani]was studied using light and electron microscopy. Treatment with either 13-cis-retinoic acid or retinol acetate was given for 6 weeks and their effects were compared with controls. It was found that 13-cis-retinoic acid induced almost complete cessation of spermatogenesis and produced alterations in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells. No differences were seen in the testis of animals treated with retinol acetate compared with controls using light microscopy but it appeared to produce noticeable ultrastructural changes in Leydig cells. The changes observed were reversed 12 weeks after stopping treatment. Caution should be exercised regarding the use of dietary retinoids in the prevention of cancer

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Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100050287 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 54-55

Author(s):

S. Phyllis Steamer ◽

Rosemarie L. Devine

Keyword(s):

Structural Changes ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Arterial Stenosis ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Vascular Effects ◽

Microvascular Changes ◽

Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽

Fission Neutrons ◽

Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

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Basal Lamina Formation in DMBA Induced Mammary Carcinoma

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100080109 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 534-535

Author(s):

I. Russo ◽

J. Saby ◽

J. Russo

Keyword(s):

Mammary Carcinoma ◽

Virgin Female ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Sesame Oil ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Intermediate Type ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Intercellular Spaces

It has been previously demonstrated that DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma originates in the terminal end bud (TEB) of the mammary gland by proliferation of intermediate type cells (1). The earliest lesion identified is the intraductal proliferation (IDP), which gives rise to intraductal carcinomas. These evolve to cribriform, papillary and comedo types (2). In the present work, we report the ultrastructural changes that take place in the IDP for the formation of a cribriform pattern.Fifty-five-day-old Sprague Dawley virgin female rats were inoculated intra- gastrically with 20 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in 1 ml sesame oil. Non-inoculated, age-matched females were used as controls. Mammary glands from both control and experimental rats were removed weekly from the time of inoculation until 86 days post-inoculation. The glands were fixed and processed for electron microscopy (2).The first change observed in IDP's was the widening of intercellular spaces and the secretion of an electron dense material into these spaces (Fig. 1).

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Ultrastructural Changes of the Symbiotic Chlorella-Like Alga Isolated from Hydra Viridis

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054212 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 320-321

Author(s):

K.W. Lee ◽

R.H. Meints ◽

D. Kuczmarski ◽

J.L. Van Etten

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Reciprocal Cross ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Symbiotic Relationship ◽

Cell Recognition ◽

Green Hydra ◽

Different Strains ◽

Hydra Viridis

The physiological, biochemical, and ultrastructural aspects of the symbiotic relationship between the Chlorella-like algae and the hydra have been intensively investigated. Reciprocal cross-transfer of the Chlorellalike algae between different strains of green hydra provide a system for the study of cell recognition. However, our attempts to culture the algae free of the host hydra of the Florida strain, Hydra viridis, have been consistently unsuccessful. We were, therefore, prompted to examine the isolated algae at the ultrastructural level on a time course.

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Ultrastructural Changes in Patients With Heat Stroke

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068047 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

O. T. Minick ◽

M. C. Kew

Keyword(s):

Liver Damage ◽

Heat Stroke ◽

Free State ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Gold Mines

The effects of heat stroke on hepatic structure were studied in 32 Bantu patients who worked underground in the Transvaal and Orange Free State Gold Mines.Judging from biochemical and morphologic findings, liver damage is an invariable complication of heat stroke. In the milder cases (90 per cent) raised enzyme levels, bromsulphalein retention, and increased prothrombin times were the most common abnormalities.

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Fine Structural Alterations in Thyroid Follicular Cells (FC) and Changes in Serum Thyroxine Produced by Feeding Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) to Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079929 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 498-499

Author(s):

W.T. Collins ◽

Charles C. Capen ◽

Louis Kasza

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Serum Proteins ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Hepatic Necrosis ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Heat Transfer Fluids ◽

Thyroid Follicular Cells ◽

Peripheral Metabolism

The widespread contamination of the environment with PCB, a compound used extensively by industry in hydraulic and heat transfer fluids as well as plasticizers and solvents in adhesives and sealants, has resulted in detectable tissue levels in a large portion of the human population, domestic animals, and wildlife. Intoxication with PCB produces severe hepatic necrosis, degeneration of lymphoid tissues and kidney, skin lesions, decreased reproductive performance, reduced feed efficiency, and decreased weight gain. PCB also has been reported to reduce the binding of thyroid hormone to serum proteins and enhance the peripheral metabolism of thyroxine with increased excretion of thyroxine-glucuronide in the bile (Bastomsky, Endocrinology 95: 1150-1155, 1974).The objectives of this investigation were (1) to investigate the histopathologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural changes in thyroid FC produced by the acute (4 week) and chronic (12 week) administration of low (50 ppm) and high (500 ppm) doses of PCB to rats, (2) to correlate these alterations to changes in serum immunoreactive thyroxine concentration, and (3) to investigate the persistence of the effects of PCB on the thyroid gland.

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Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083783 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 582-583

Author(s):

G. Mazzocchi ◽

P. Rebuffat ◽

C. Robba ◽

P. Vassanelli ◽

G. G. Nussdorfer

Keyword(s):

Renovascular Hypertension ◽

Left Kidney ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Zona Glomerulosa ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Left Renal Artery ◽

Angiotensin System ◽

And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

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