scholarly journals Líquido da casca da castanha-de-caju (LCC) como repelente do caruncho-do-bambu Bambusa vulgaris

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389
Author(s):  
Edilson Soares Silveira ◽  
Antonia Railda Roel ◽  
Alexandre Alves Machado ◽  
Silvio Favero ◽  
Marney Pascoli Cereda
Keyword(s):  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Dinoderus Minutus ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris

Foi investigada a ação repelente do líquido da casca da castanha-de-caju (LCC) Anacardium occidentale L. sobre o caruncho Dinoderus minutus Fabricius, (1775), na Base de Pesquisa em Ciências Agráriasda Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, município de Campo Grande - MS. Colmos maduros de Bambusa vulgaris Schrad (1808), foram coletados de uma touceira local. Destes, foram obtidos doze toletes colocados para secar em estufa a 50±3ºC por 48h. Em seguida foram impregnados, por imersão, durante 24h em concentrações de 0,03; 0,05 e 0,09 mg/mL de LCC. Após as impregnações, os toletes foram desidratados em uma estufa durante 12h a 50±3ºC e distribuídos aleatoriamente em uma arena de acrílico instalada em uma sala de 27 m3. O experimento foi repetido durante cinco dias consecutivos durante 24h cada. Em cada repetição foram liberados no centro da arena 60 carunchos adultos para avaliar a atratividade ou repelência dos mesmos em relação aos toletes. A avaliação contabilizou os carunchos que não conseguiram penetrar nos toletes de bambu. Todas as concentrações repeliram o caruncho-do-bambu, porém, sem diferenças significativas.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DE FATORES AMBIENTAIS, COR E ALTURA DE ARMADILHAS NA CAPTURA DO CARUNCHO DO BAMBU

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Edilson Soares Silveira ◽  
Rudieli Machado Silva ◽  
Antonia Railda Roel ◽  
Marney Pascoli Cereda
Keyword(s):  
Dinoderus Minutus ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da influência dos fatores ambientais, cor e altura de instalação de armadilhas com toletes de bambu na captura do Dinoderus minutus, considerado a principal praga pós-colheita do bambu. A literatura aponta a cor e altura das armadilhas como elementos capazes de influenciar na captura deste inseto. Para avaliar essas hipóteses, foram fabricadas 30 armadilhas de garrafas PET nas cores amarela, preta, branca, azul e transparente. Toletes de bambu Bambusa vulgaris foram cortados e secos em uma estufa a 50±3°C durante 48 h. Em cada armadilha foi inserido um tolete de bambu na posição vertical. As armadilhas foram instaladas a 1,5 m e 2,5 m de altura em relação ao solo, em uma touceira de B. vulgaris. No período do experimento foram capturados 3301 carunchos. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a captura de carunchos e a pluviosidade, porém não houve correção entre a captura de carunchos e a temperatura. A altura influenciou na captura de D. minutus de modo que um maior número de insetos foi encontrado nas armadilhas instaladas a 2,5 m do solo. Não foi detectada influência da cor das armadilhas na captura de carunchos, tampouco da interação entre cor e altura de instalação das mesmas.

scholarly journals Tratamientos de preservación de Bambusa vulgaris vittata contra el ataque de Dinoderus minutus

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Cortez-Barbosa ◽  
Elen Aparecida Martines Morales ◽  
Karina Arakaki Higuti ◽  
Ana Clara Lancarovici Alves ◽  
Victor Almeida De Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dinoderus Minutus ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris

Las cañas de bambú son un material de construcción único para diversos tipos de estructuras y cada vez hay una mayor aceptación de los bambúes para usos estructurales. Sin embargo, tienen como inconveniente su propensión al ataque por insectos. En este trabajo se hizo un estudio de la eficacia de tres diferentes tipos de preservadores: 1) químicos tradicionales, 2) naturales de bajo riesgo para el ser humano y 3) térmicos a diferentes temperaturas, para prevenir el ataque del insecto escarabajo Dinoderus minutus al bambú de la especie Bambusa vulgaris vittata. Los dos primeros tratamientos se realizaron por inmersión y el tipo térmico fue hecho por el proceso de secado. Cada dos semanas, se evaluó el ataque a tres especímenes de cada tratamiento, incluyendo los correspondientes a un testigo sin elemento preservador alguno. Los resultados mostraron que la mayoría de los tratamientos por inmersión fueron eficaces, reduciendo considerablemente el ataque de los insectos en comparación con el testigo.En cuanto al tratamiento térmico, las temperaturas menores o iguales a 130 °C no mostraron ser eficaces; las temperaturas de 190 °C y 210 °C revelaron eficacias aceptables.

Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex: Pathogen Causing Anthracnose, Gummosis and Die-Back Diseases of Cashew (Anacardium Occidentale L.) In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muntala ◽  
P. M. Norshie ◽  
K. G. Santo ◽  
C. K. S. Saba
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Species Complex

A survey was conducted in twenty-five cashew (Anacardium occidentale) orchards in five communities in the Dormaa-Central Municipality of Bono Region of Ghana to assess the incidence and severity of anthracnose, gummosis and die-back diseases on cashew. Cashew diseased samples of leaves, stem, inflorescences, twigs, flowers, nuts and apples showing symptoms (e. g. small, water-soaked, circular or irregular yellow, dark or brown spots or lesions on leaves, fruits and flowers, sunken surface, especially on the apples, blight, gum exudates) were collected for isolation of presumptive causative organism. The pathogen was isolated after disinfecting the excised diseased pieces in 70% ethanol, plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 28 oC for 3 to 7 days. The identity of the putative pathogen was morphologically and culturally confirmed as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex using standard mycological identification protocols. The pathogen had varied conidia sizes of between 9-15 up to 20 μm in length and diameter of 3-6 μm. The conidia were straight and cylindrically shaped with rounded or obtuse ends. The septate mycelium was whitish-grey, velvety and cotton-like in appearance from the top. The results confirmed the presence of the pathogen in the orchards with incidence ranging from 6.9% and 14.0% for gummosis and averaged 22.9% for anthracnose infected orchards. The result of the pathogenicity test confirmed the isolates to be pathogenic on inoculated cashew seedlings and were consistently re-isolated, thereby establishing the pathogen as the true causal agent of the said diseases in cashew trees and thus completed the Koch’s postulate.

DAYA TAHAN ROTAN YANG DIAWETKAN DENGAN CUKA KAYU GALAM TERHADAP SERANGAN BUBUK Dinoderus minutus Farb.

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Evy Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Force Feedback ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Dinoderus Minutus ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Feedback Method ◽  
Reduction Percentage ◽  
Insect Attack

Rattan on frequently attacked by the powder post beetle (Tellu, 2001). The prevention of dry powder attacks is done by preservation. The increasing resistant of rattan from insect attack can be done by an environmentally friendly preservative, the Galam wood vinegar. This research  aims to determine the most effective concentration of preservative that shows the lowest attacks level of D. Farb minutus powder. The rattan used is green rattan (Calamus sp.) The concentration of preservative that are used:10%, 40%, 70% and 100%. The testing of dry powder attack  used force feedback method. The effectiveness test parameters of wood vinegar to dry powder attacks  included degree of protection Dinoderus minutus Farb. powder,  reduction percentage of rattan weight and the mortality of dry powder Dinoderus sp for toxicological testing of wood vinegar. The test results showed that the degree of protection powder in rattan growing along with the increased concentration of preservatives. The higher the concentration of  wood vinegar, the smaller the reduction of rattan weight and the higher the mortality rate of dry powder. Keywords: resistant of rattan, wood vinegar, Dinoderus minutus.

In Silico Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Potential Inhibitors of 3C-like Main Proteinase (3CLpro) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Selected African Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Main Protease

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>

In Silico Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Potential Inhibitors of 3C-like Main Proteinase (3CLpro) from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Using Selected African Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Qazi ◽  
Mustafa Alhaji Isa ◽  
Adam Mustapha ◽  
Khalid Raza ◽  
Ibrahim Alkali Allamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ligand Complex ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Main Protease

<p>The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an infectious virus that causes mild to severe life-threatening upper respiratory tract infection. The virus emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019, and later spread across the globe. Its genome has been completely sequenced and based on the genomic information, the virus possessed 3C-Like Main Protease (3CLpro), an essential multifunctional enzyme that plays a vital role in the replication and transcription of the virus by cleaving polyprotein at eleven various sites to produce different non-structural proteins. This makes the protein an important target for drug design and discovery. Herein, we analyzed the interaction between the 3CLpro and potential inhibitory compounds identified from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> using in silico docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation. The crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease in complex with 02J (5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid) and PEJ (composite ligand) (PDB Code: 6LU7,2.16Å) retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB) and subject to structure optimization and energy minimization. A total of twenty-nine compounds were obtained from the extracts of <i>Zingiber offinale </i>and the leaves of <i>Anacardium occidentale. </i>These compounds were screened for physicochemical (Lipinski rule of five, Veber rule, and Egan filter), <i>Pan</i>-Assay Interference Structure (PAINS), and pharmacokinetic properties to determine the Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients (PAIs). Of the 29 compounds, only nineteen (19) possessed drug-likeness properties with efficient oral bioavailability and less toxicity. These compounds subjected to molecular docking analysis to determine their binding energies with the 3CLpro. The result of the analysis indicated that the free binding energies of the compounds ranged between ˗5.08 and -10.24kcal/mol, better than the binding energies of 02j (-4.10kcal/mol) and PJE (-5.07kcal.mol). Six compounds (CID_99615 = -10.24kcal/mol, CID_3981360 = 9.75kcal/mol, CID_9910474 = -9.14kcal/mol, CID_11697907 = -9.10kcal/mol, CID_10503282 = -9.09kcal/mol and CID_620012 = -8.53kcal/mol) with good binding energies further selected and subjected to MD Simulation to determine the stability of the protein-ligand complex. The results of the analysis indicated that all the ligands form stable complexes with the protein, although, CID_9910474 and CID_10503282 had a better stability when compared to other selected phytochemicals (CID_99615, CID_3981360, CID_620012, and CID_11697907). </p>

SOBREVIVÊNCIA DE ESPÉCIES NATIVAS SOB EFEITOS DE HIGROGEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Maria Rita De Sousa Araújo ◽  
Wanderson Dias Sarmento ◽  
Pedro Alves Dos Santos ◽  
Manuel Caíque Ehrich Rodrigues ◽  
Selma Dos Santos Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
G 12

A disponibilidade hídrica se constitui num fator limitante a sobrevivência de espécies vegetais, especialmente no semiárido nordestino, por possuir prolongadas secas, sendo fundamental o estudo de ações sustentáveis que possam atenuar esses efeitos. O hidrogel é um polímero retentor de umidade que, incorporado ao solo, atua como ferramenta de combate aos efeitos de estresse hídrico, além de melhorar a aeração e drenagem do solo, bem como a redução das perdas de nutrientes por lixiviação. Portanto, objetivou-se investigar a eficiência do hidrogel em espécies nativas ao grau de sobrevivência no Alto Sertão da Paraíba.<strong> </strong>As mudas de <em>Anacardium occidentale </em>e <em>Eugenia pyriformis</em> estão inseridas em um sistema agroflorestal que possui uma área de 3.575m<sup>2</sup>, localizado no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Paraíba - Campus Sousa. Foram transplantadas 64 mudas para o sistema onde foram mantidas com regas semanais por 30 dias, para contribuir no processo de aclimatização. Após esse período, aplicou-se o hidrogel, adotou-se delineamento estatístico em bloco ao acaso e quatro repetições em esquema fatorial (4x2+1) sendo oito tratamentos constituídos pelas dosagens: 0 g; 4 g; 8 g; 12 g de hidrogel e pelas duas espécies, e uma testemunha adicional (sem hidrogel com rega). O hidrogel foi aplicado pós-plantio em furos próximos a muda e paralelo às raízes das mesmas. Após a aplicação foi avaliada a Sintomatologia do Estresse Hídrico a cada três dias para identificar o grau de sobrevivência das mudas, onde adotou-se a escala: SEM – planta sem sintomas; PSM – planta com poucos sintomas de murcha; SMM – planta com sintomas moderados; SSM – planta com sintomas severos de murcha. Observou-se que as mudas que receberam 12 g de hidrogel permaneceram durante seis semanas com a maior porcentagem (83%) de plantas sem sintomas de murcha, decaindo apenas na 8ª semana para 68%, fato esse observado em mudas de <em>A. occidentale</em>. Em testemunhas que receberam regas, na 6ª semana, 91% delas não apresentaram sintomas de murcha, decaindo apenas na 8ª semana para 81%. Para <em>E. pyriformis</em>, o tratamento  com maior dosagem de hidrogel, tornou-se o mais eficiente para a cultura, com 12% das plantas sem sintomas de murcha, tendo em vista que durante seis semanas, os demais tratamentos não apresentaram diferença significativa.<strong> </strong>Para mudas que receberam rega, 34% das mesmas não apresentaram sintomas de murcha até a 8ª semana.<strong> </strong>Tendo em vista o percentual de plantas que se estabeleceram durante o período de dois meses com ausência de regas e o uso do hidrogel, observamos que a <em>E. pyriformis </em>apresentou-se mais sensível ao estresse hídrico provocado no sistema, enquanto que para a <em>A. occidentale, </em>a<em> </em>maior dosagem de hidrogel tornou-se significativa quanto ao percentual de murcha, sendo comparada as plantas que receberam regas. Assim, conclui-se que o hidrogel é eficiente em sistemas agroflorestais que passaram por um longo período de estresse hídrico, assegurando a sobrevivência da planta.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Shear Strength Parallel to Fiber of Different Local Bamboo Species in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8164
Author(s):  
Brian E. Bautista ◽  
Lessandro E. O. Garciano ◽  
Luis F. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Average Shear Strength ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris

There are limited published studies related to the mechanical properties of bamboo species in the Philippines. In this study, the shear strength properties of some economically viable bamboo species in the Philippines were properly characterized based on 220 shear test results. The rationales of selecting this mechanical property are the following: (1) Shear strength, parallel to the fiber, has the highest variability among the mechanical properties; and (2) Shear is one of the governing forces on joint connections, and such connections are the points of failure on bamboo structures when subjected to extreme loading conditions. ISO 22157-1 (2017) test protocol for shear was used for all tests. The results showed that Bambusa blumeana has the highest average shear strength, followed by Gigantochloa apus, Dendrocalamus asper, Bambusa philippinensis, and Bambusa vulgaris. However, comparative analysis, using One-way ANOVA, showed that shear strength values among these bamboo species have significant differences statistically. A linear regression model is also established to estimate the shear strength of bamboo from the physical properties. Characteristic shear strength is also determined using ISO 12122-1 (2014) for future design reference.

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