scholarly journals Análise dos modelos de tomada decisão sob o enfoque cognitivo

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268
Author(s):  
Breno Augusto Diniz Pereira ◽  
Mauri Leodir Lobler ◽  
Eugênio De Oliveira Simonetto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Models

The rationality has been defined from the Greeks as one of the main characteristic that distinguishes man from the other animals. The Greeks ‘influence like Plato and Aristotle and the philosophers empiricist /rationalist,as Descartes and Thomas Hobbes, were remarkable for the formation of models of decision making in organizations proposed by Simon, Allison and Lindblon. This study aims to identify the mainly decision making models and check how the cognitive aspects can affect the behavior of the agents involved in the process. The results show that there is no way to overlook the subjective factors, the different cognitive styles in the decision, there is a system of relations between the elements of nature objective and subjective elements,whichever is the predominant influence of the values of decision makers involved, which is seen as a motivator for the decision.

scholarly journals Approaches for multicriteria decision-making based on the hesitant fuzzy best–worst method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Li-li Niu ◽  
Qiongxia Chen ◽  
Zhong-xing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Multicriteria Decision ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
Best Worst Method

AbstractHesitant fuzzy preference relations (HFPRs) have been widely applied in multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) for their ability to efficiently express hesitant information. To address the situation where HFPRs are necessary, this paper develops several decision-making models integrating HFPRs with the best worst method (BWM). First, consistency measures from the perspectives of additive/multiplicative consistent hesitant fuzzy best worst preference relations (HFBWPRs) are introduced. Second, several decision-making models are developed in view of the proposed additive/multiplicatively consistent HFBWPRs. The main characteristic of the constructed models is that they consider all the values included in the HFBWPRs and consider the same and different compromise limit constraints. Third, an absolute programming model is developed to obtain the decision-makers’ objective weights utilizing the information of optimal priority weight vectors and provides the calculation of decision-makers’ comprehensive weights. Finally, a framework of the MCDM procedure based on hesitant fuzzy BWM is introduced, and an illustrative example in conjunction with comparative analysis is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed models.

scholarly journals Studying the prominence effect amid the COVID-19 crisis: implications for public health policy decision-making.

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Yossi Maaravi ◽  
Ben Heller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Matching Condition ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Choice Condition ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Prominence Effect ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Cost

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought with it crucial policy- and decision-making situations, especially when making judgments between financial and health concerns. One particularly relevant decision-making phenomenon is the prominence effect, where decision-makers base their decisions on the most prominent attribute of the object at hand (e.g., health concerns) rather than weigh all the attributes together. This bias diminishes when the decision-making mode inhibits heuristic processes. In this study, we tested the prominence of health vs. financial concerns across two decision-making modes - choice (prone to heuristics) and matching (mitigates heuristics) - during the peak of the COVID-19 in the UK using Tversky et al.’s classic experimental paradigm. We added to the classic experimental design a priming condition. Participants were presented with two casualty-minimization programs, differing in lives saved and costs: program X would save 100 lives at the cost of 55-million-pound sterling, whereas program Y would save 30 lives at the cost of 12-million-pound sterling. Half of the participants were required to choose between the programs (choice condition). The other half were not given the cost of program X and were asked to determine what the cost should be to make it as equally attractive as the program Y. Participants in both groups were primed for either: a) financial concerns; b) health concerns; or c) control (no priming). Results showed that in the choice condition, unless primed for financial concerns, health concerns are more prominent. In the matching condition, on the other hand, the prominence of health concerns did not affect decision-makers, as they all “preferred” the cheaper option. These results add further support to the practical relevance of using the proper decision-making modes in times of consequential crises where multiple concerns, interests, and parties are involved.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
William B. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Decision Making Models

Chapter 1 provides the introduction to this book. Predictions can seldom specify what will happen, so, inevitably, one addresses what might happen. There are often many possible futures, with leading indicators and potential tipping points for each scenario. Computational models can be used to explore designs of systems and policies to determine whether these designs will likely be effective and to aid in decision-making. Models are means to ends rather then ends in themselves. Decision-makers seldom crave models. They want their questions answered in an evidence-based manner. Decision-makers want insights that provide them with a competitive advantage. They want to understand possible futures to formulate robust and resilient strategies for addressing these futures.

scholarly journals Vers une révision du processus et du cadre d'élaboration de la décision administrative au Québec

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-210
Author(s):  
Marie-José Longtin ◽  
Mario Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Model System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Discretionary Powers

In this study, the authors examine various models for reviewing the system and procedural framework of administrative action in Québec. Firstly, they explore the solutions previously advanced as far as Québec is concerned, then those that have been adopted in other jurisdictions. Next, after identifying the principle decision-making agents of the administration, they enumerate the other factors to be considered in devising a model system, such as the assigned powers of the decision-makers, their procedure, the rules controlling their decision-making, and the establishement by the decision-makers of norms governing the exercise of their discretionary powers. These parameters having been determined the authors go on to evaluate, from various aspects, those solutions that have already been proposed and also others which offer themselves for consideration. In that regard, after discussing the classification of administrative bodies, they analyse the merits of a single or dual jurisdictional authority from the structural and constitutional perspective ; they pause to examine the very notion of administrative authority before going on to deal with the issue of an overall control of administrative bodies, such control being exercised by means of an Administrative Council. Then, after discussing the power given to an administrative body or agency to review its own decisions, they analyse the controversial issue of administrative procedure ant the codification of those rules, and go on to propose, as a possible solution, a flexible codification that is restrictive in part yet adaptable to the individual circumstances of the bodies concerned. In concluding that the existing patchwork of administrative decisionmaking must be satisfactorily resolved, and before indicating what corrective action should be studied, they attempt to identify the questions that have to be answered before undertaking review of the system and procedural framework of administrative action, the need for which review having been seen as imperative right from the outset.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study between GLP and GBWM

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Reda M. S. Abdulaal ◽  
Omer A. Bafail
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Simplex Method ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Best Worst Method

When decision-makers’ judgments are uncertain, they often express their opinions using grey linguistic variables. Once used, the data often retains its grey nature throughout all subsequent decision-making iterations. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) is a tool used when making complicated decisions and in circumstances where several criteria require evaluation to choose the most desirable option. Grey data serves as the basis for several MCDM methods. This paper compares two MCDM methods, Grey-Linear-Programming (GLP) and Grey-Best-Worst-Method (GBWM), in terms of the weights of decision criteria and their rankings. Moreover, Grey-The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (GTOPSIS) was used to rank the weights of the two methods. Study findings demonstrated that GBWM requires more mathematical calculations than GLP, based on linear programming's classic simplex method. On the other hand, when GTOPSIS follows GLP, the alternative rank does not change compared to when GTOPSIS followed GBWM. For the applications used in this comparison, GLP procedure is considered simpler than GBWM procedure.

scholarly journals Quantifying the checks and balances of decentralised governance systems for adaptive carnivore management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Cusack ◽  
Erlend B. Nilsen ◽  
Markus Fjellstad Israelsen ◽  
Henrik Andren ◽  
Matthew Grainger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
Governance Systems ◽  
Decision Making Models

1.Recovering or threatened carnivore populations are often harvested to minimise their impact on human activities, such as livestock farming or game hunting. Increasingly, harvest quota decisions involve a set of scientific, administrative and political institutions operating at national and sub-national levels whose interactions and collective decision-making aim to increase the legitimacy of management and ensure population targets are met. In practice, however, assessments of how quota decisions change between these different actors and what consequences these changes have on population trends are rare.2.We combine a state-space population modelling approach with an analysis of quota decisions taken at both regional and national levels between 2007 and 2018 to build a set of decision-making models that together predict annual harvest quota values for Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Norway. 3.We reveal a tendency for administrative decision-makers to compensate for consistent quota increases by political actors, particularly when the lynx population size estimate is above the regional target. Using population forecasts based on the ensemble of decision-making models, we show that such buffering of political biases ensures lynx population size remains close to regional and national targets in the long-term.4.Our results go beyond the usual qualitative assessment of decentralised governance systems for carnivore management, revealing a system of checks and balances that, in the case of lynx in Norway, ensures both multi-stakeholder participation and sustainable harvest quotas. 5.Our work provides a predictive framework to evaluate co-participatory decision-making processes in wildlife management, paving the way for scientists and decision-makers to collaborate more widely in identifying where decision biases might lie and how institutional arrangements can be optimised to minimise them. We emphasise, however, that this is only possible if wildlife management decisions are documented and transparent.

scholarly journals Studying the prominence effect amid the COVID-19 crisis: implications for public health policy decision-making.

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Yossi Maaravi ◽  
Ben Heller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Matching Condition ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Choice Condition ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Prominence Effect ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Cost

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought with it crucial policy- and decision-making situations, especially when making judgments between economic and health concerns. One particularly relevant decision-making phenomenon is the prominence effect, where decision-makers base their decisions on the most prominent attribute of the object at hand (e.g., health concerns) rather than weigh all the attributes together. This bias diminishes when the decision-making mode inhibits heuristic processes. In this study, we tested the prominence of health vs. economic concerns across two decision-making modes - choice (prone to heuristics) and matching (mitigates heuristics) - during the peak of the COVID-19 in the UK using Tversky et al.’s classic experimental paradigm. We added to the classic experimental design a priming condition. Participants were presented with two casualty-minimization programs, differing in lives saved and costs: program X would save 100 lives at the cost of 55-million-pound sterling, whereas program Y would save 30 lives at the cost of 12-million-pound sterling. Half of the participants were required to choose between the programs (choice condition). The other half were not given the cost of program X and were asked to determine what the cost should be to make it as equally attractive as the program Y. Participants in both groups were primed for either: a) economic concerns; b) health concerns; or c) control (no priming). Results showed that in the choice condition, unless primed for economic concerns, health concerns are more prominent. In the matching condition, on the other hand, the prominence of health concerns did not affect decision-makers, as they all “preferred” the cheaper option. These results add further support to the practical relevance of using the proper decision-making modes in times of consequential crises where multiple concerns, interests, and parties are involved.

scholarly journals Die proses van partikuliere en openbare besluitneming

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
S. S. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Public Decision ◽  
Public Decision Making

Private and public decision-making The interaction between the private and public sectors is important in South Africa. Much criticism is expressed by the one sector against the other. This can be partly attributed to an incomplete understanding of the processes of decision-making in the two sectors, and of the differences between them. A comparison is drawn between the most important elements of the decision-making processes in the two sectors. Public decision-making deals mostly with matters concerning the community and the economy as a whole, whereas private decision-making is concerned mostly with parts of the whole. The aims at which decision-making in the two sectors are directed, differ accordingly, as do the perceptions of the respective decision-makers of the environment in which they make decisions. As a consequence, the criteria for the success of a decision also differ substantially between the two sectors. The implications of these differences between private and public decision-making for the approach to inflation and the financing of housing, are dealt with as examples. Finally, differences between the ways in which decisions are implemented in the two sectors, also appear to be an important cause of much of the criticism from the private sector about decision-making in the public sector.

Comparison of Risk Aversity for Two Utility Functions on ℝ2

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-560
Author(s):  
Yuji Yoshida ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Arithmetic Means

Utility functions on two-dimensional regions are demonstrated for decision makers’ risk averse behavior by weighted quasi-arithmetic means. For two utility functions on two-dimensional regions, a concept is introduced that decision making with one utility is more risk averse than decision making with the other utility. A necessary condition and sufficient conditions for the concept are demonstrated by their utility functions.

Property Rights within Government and Devices to Increase Government Efficiency

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Amacher ◽  
Robert D. Tollison
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Government Efficiency ◽  
Gains And Losses

This paper demonstrates that bureaucratic decision-making is a more complex process than the literature that focuses narrowly on the lack of appropriability of gains and losses from efficient decision-making implies. The paper delineates some of the other types of constraints under which the governmental decision maker operates. These factors lead to the conclusion that there are many devices (like the volunteer army) that can move decision makers toward significantly more efficient decisions without the presence of appropriability (narrowly defined).

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