scholarly journals Uso de diferentes pontas de pulverização no controle de doenças no trigo

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Alicia Baumhardt Dorneles ◽  
Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽  
Zanandra Boff de Oliveira ◽  
Alberto Eduardo Knies ◽  
Clarissa Moraes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
State University ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Grain Contamination

Unstable environmental factors contribute to the incidence of diseases and pests, causing reduced yield and grain contamination, especially the attack by Giberela (Fusarium graminerum). In this scenario, appropriate management techniques are needed. Strategies such as choosing the suitability of the spray tip for chemical control are indispensable. The aim of this study was to use four spray tips: CVI 11002, ADI ISO 11002, TVI ISO 8002 and ATR 8002. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of The State University of Rio Grande do Sul, in the district of Três Vendas, in Cachoeira do Sul-RS. The cultivar used was TBIO SELETO. The fungicide used was Nativo®. A completely randomized experimental design with 4 replicates and a control plot was adopted. The following parameters were evaluated: weight of one thousand grains (PMG, %), hectoliter weight (PH; kg hL-1) and yield (PRD; kg ha-1). The variance was tested by applying the Snedcor F test (p<0.05) and the means were compared by the Tukey's test (p<0.05). The weight of one thousand grains, hectoliter weight and yield were not influenced by the use of different spray tips adopted in the wheat phytosanitary control.

Linear Regression of Incident Precipitation Explains the Throughfall, Stemflow and Interception by the Eucalyptus Canopy under Different Fertilization Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Huan Pablo de Souza ◽  
Dione Richer Momolli ◽  
Aline Aparecida Ludvichak ◽  
Mauro Valdir Schumacher ◽  
Angélica Costa Malheiros
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
One Year ◽  
Soil Level

The present work aims to quantify the precipitation partition after interaction with the Eucalyptus urophylla canopy under two fertilization treatments. The experimental design was completely causalized with two fertilization treatments. Each plot had a dimension of 30 m x 60 m, and the spacing of the seedlings was 3 m x 2 m. The study was developed in a arenizaded area located in the municipality of Maçambará, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The duration of the study was one year (from April 2017 to March 2018). Biweekly over twelve months the volume of precipitation was quantified. The experiment consists of two fertilization treatments in a Eucalyptus urophylla stand: T1 with smaller and T2 greater fertilization. In each treatment 3 throughfall collectors were installed at one meter of the soil level and three stemflow collectors. In the open area 3 collectors of the incident precipitation were installed 1.5 meters from the ground level. The percentages of the throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception in relation to the incident precipitation were 95.3; 1.3 and 4.3% for treatment 1 and 91.7; 3.2 and 6.2% for treatment 2. The coefficients of determination for throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception were 0.99; 0.96 and 0.85 for treatment 1 and 0.99; 0.97 and 0.89 for treatment 2. The graphical analysis of the regression residues shows independence of the errors. The fertilization management described for treatment 2 results in a greater interception of rainfall due to the greater amount of biomass of the canopy.

scholarly journals Ground-dwelling ant fauna of sites with high levels of copper

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Diehl ◽  
C. E. D. Sanhudo ◽  
Ed. Diehl-Fleig
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
High Level

Richness and diversity of ant species are related to environmental factors such as vegetation, soil, presence of heavy metals, and insecticides, which allow the use of the assemblage members as terrestrial indicators of environmental conservation status. This study presents the results of ground ants surveyed in Minas do Camaquã in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul (Camaquã Basin), State of Rio Grande do Sul. Collections were performed in four sites, with high levels of copper in the soil, three of which - a mine, a liquid reject, and a solid reject -, had sparse or no plant cover, and one site where Pinus has been used for rehabilitation. Parque das Guaritas was the control site, since it presented normal levels of copper and a dense savanna cover. For each site, three transect lines extending 100 m were draw, and at each 10 m sardine baits were distributed; after two hours the ants present were collected. Hand collections in all five sites were performed during one hour (capture effort). A total of 51 species belonging to 17 genera were collected. The control site was the richest in ant species (r = 45). Sites with high level of copper and poor plant cover presented the lowest richness: mine (r = 14), solid reject (r = 15), and liquid reject (r = 16). In contrast, the site planted with Pinus presented an increment in richness (r = 24) of ground-dwelling ants, suggesting a reahabilitation process.

scholarly journals PAÍS E PAISAGEM NA ALMA DO POVO NORTE-AMERICANO

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-166
Author(s):  
Friedrich Ratzel
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
State University ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Ball State University

Texto traduzido pelos Professores Jörn Seemann (Ball State University) e Breno Viotto Pedrosa (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul) do original “Land und Landschaft in der nordamerikanischen”, publicado na Deutsche Monatsschrift für das gesamte Leben der Gegenwart, v.10, p.523-538, 1902

scholarly journals Reproductive biology and sexual dimorphism in Cnemidophorus vacariensis (Sauria, Teiidae) in the grasslands of the Araucaria Plateau, southern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola M. Rezende-Pinto ◽  
Laura Verrastro ◽  
Juliana C. Zanotelli ◽  
Paulo C. R. Barata
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Threatened Fauna ◽  
Sexually Mature

The reproductive cycle and sexual dimorphism of the lizard Cnemidophorus vacariensis Feltrim & Lema, 2000 were studied on the basis of data gathered between August 2004 and August 2006 in Vacaria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Snout-vent length (SVL) of sexually mature males varied between 48.8 and 72.9 mm (x = 63.3 ± 6.0 mm; n = 76) and, for females, between 57.4 and 81.8 mm (x = 70.0 ± 5.9 mm; n = 73). Other morphological characteristics were also compared between sexes. Reproduction was seasonal, and observations indicate two clutches in the same reproductive season. Clutch size and other reproductive characteristics were analyzed as well as the relation between reproduction and environmental factors. Cnemidophorus vacariensis is apparently endemic to highland plateaus in southern Brazil and has been classified as vulnerable on some lists of threatened fauna in this country. Some suggestions for conservation measures are presented, due to the observed degradation of this species' environment.

scholarly journals Use of experimental design techniques for the optimization of the resin distillation process of Pinus elliottii

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-270
Author(s):  
Afonso Henrique da Silva Júnior ◽  
Arthur Doria Nogueira ◽  
Manoel Leonardo Martins ◽  
Toni Jefferson Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Design Techniques

Nas últimas décadas, o setor de produtos de resina no Brasil está demonstrando uma perspectiva de demanda crescente para os produtores de goma de resina, o que exige avanços na parte técnica dos processos de extração e purificação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, através de técnicas de planejamento experimental, os processos de lavagem e destilação da oleorresina de Pinus elliottii. A resina natural foi coletada na região costeira do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os resultados da etapa de lavagem revelaram que as interações lineares de segunda ordem foi o modelo empírico mais adequado para este estudo. Portanto, o teste ideal foi determinado com os seguintes fatores: temperatura de 50ºC, tempo de 20 min e 20% de terebentina utilizada para a diluição. Para o processo de destilação, o melhor modelo foi o linear sem interações, considerando a resposta do Valor Monetário (Real – R$) por 100 g de resina processada. Assim, determinou-se que a região ótima obteve os seguintes fatores: temperatura entre 156 e 170ºC e tempo entre 61 e 100 minutos. Portanto, o uso de técnicas de planejamento experimental permitiu propor ao produtor algumas alternativas no processamento de resina natural, o que consequentemente causou o aumento do valor agregado ao produto comercializado.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE Eucalyptus grandis UTILIZANDO PARÂMETROS MORFOLÓGICOS

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder Eloy ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Alexandre Behling ◽  
Luciano Schwers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Competition For Space ◽  
Superior Education

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o índice de qualidade Dickson (IQD) e a sua relação com as variáveis morfológicas em mudas de Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden produzidas em diferentes tratamentos. O experimento foi conduzido no viveiro agronômico do Centro de Educação Superior Norte do Rio Grande do Sul (CESNORS), em delineamento experimental de blocos completamente casualizados. Foram testados quatro tratamentos, que envolveram dois volumes de tubetes (50 e 90 cm³) e dois níveis de densidade de plantas na bandeja. Avaliaram-se altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, massa seca de folhas, massa seca do caule, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca de raiz, massa seca total (MST), área foliar (AF) e IQD. O tamanho do tubete e a densidade das mudas na bandeja influenciam significativamente no crescimento das mudas ao longo do tempo, limitando o volume de substrato explorável e gerando competição por espaço pelas plantas. Todas as variáveis avaliadas se correlacionaram significativamente, sendo que o IQD demonstrou ter alto índice com a MST. Os tratamentos com recipiente de volume 90 cm³ foram os que apresentaram os melhores IQD, resultando em mudas de boa qualidade, capazes de suportar as condições adversas do campo. AbstractQuality assessment of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings using morphological parameters. The present work had as objective determines the index of Dickson's quality (IDQ) and its relation to the morphologic variables in Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden seedlings produced in different treatments. The experiment was driven in the agronomic nursery of the Center of Superior Education North of Rio Grande do Sul (CESNORS), in experimental design of randomized complete block. Four treatments were tested, that involved two volumes sizes (50 and 90 cm³) and two levels of density of plants in the tray. It evaluated height of the aerial part, diameter of the lap, mass dries of leaves, mass dries of the stem, mass dries of the aerial part, mass dries of root, mass total drought (MST), foliar area (AF) and the index of Dickson's quality (IDQ). The size of the containers and the density of the seedlings in the tray had significant influence in growth of the seedlings along the time, putting limits to the volume of exploitable substratum and generating competition for space by the plants. All the appraised variables correlated significantly and IDQ revealed high index with MST. The treatments with container of volume 90 cm³ were the ones that presented the best IQD, resulting in seedlings of good quality capable to support the adverse conditions of the field.Keywords: Eucalyptus; containers; density of seedlings; index of Dickson quality.

scholarly journals Crioconservación de yemas de microtubérculos de papa Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena mediante desecado de tejidos

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ángela Liliana Rivera Calderón ◽  
Raúl Iván Valbuena Benavides ◽  
Rigoberto Hidalgo Hidalgo ◽  
José Dílmer Moreno Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Main Step ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

<p class="Corpoica"><span lang="ES-CO">En la Corporación de Investigación Agropecuaria Corpoica, C.I. Tibaitatá, se evaluó la crioconservación de yemas de microtubérculos en dos accesiones de papa Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena de la Colección Central Colombiana: C.C.C. 4318 (carriza) y C.C.C. 4981 (guata negra) mediante la metodología del desecado de yemas. Esta metodología tuvo dos etapas: la preliminar o de ajuste y la principal. En la principal, el secado se hizo con flujo de aire estéril durante 30 minutos, crioconservación en nitrógeno líquido a -196°C durante un día, descongelamiento en baño maría a 37°C durante 3 minutos y recuperación en medio de cultivo (100% MS + 8% sacarosa + 2 g/L carbón activado) durante siete días en oscuridad; luego, el medio de cultivo se cambió (100% MS + 0,04 mg/L kinetina + 0,1mg/L ácido giberélico). El diseño experimental fue al azar: dos accesiones, cuatro tratamientos, diez repeticiones y diez yemas. </span>Se evaluó sobrevivencia a 7, 14 y 30 días. <span lang="ES-CO">Paralelamente se adaptó la prueba de tetrazolio en semillas al 0,5% a 25°C durante 24 horas, y se evaluó a los 14 y 30 días; en esta prueba se dificultó la evaluación de la sobrevivencia de las yemas posiblemente por efecto del medio de cultivo y los factores ambientales; el resultado final fue pérdida de sobrevivencia a los 30 días, posiblemente porque las condiciones de recuperación no fueron aptas. </span></p><p class="Corpoica"><span lang="ES-CO"> </span></p><p class="Corpoica"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Cryoconservation of buds of potato’s microtubers Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena by means of drying tissues</span></strong></p><p class="Corpoica">At the Corporación de Investigación Agropecuaria Corpoica, C.I. Tibaitatá, the cryoconservation of microtubers buds was evaluated in two potato accessions of Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena, C.C.C. 4318 (carriza) and C.C.C. 4981 (guata negra), from the Colombian Central Collection by using the dried bud methodology. This methodology had two steps, the preliminary one or adjustment and the main one. In the main step, the tissue drying was made with sterile air flow for 30 minutes, cryoconservation in liquid nitrogen at -196°C during 1 day, water bath thawing at 37°C for 3 minutes and recuperation culture medium (100% MS + 8% sucrose + 2 g/L activated charcoal) during 7 days in dark, then the cultured medium was changed (100% MS + 0.04 mg/L kinetin + 0.1mg/L gibberellic acid). A completely randomized experimental design with 2 accessions, 4 treatments, 10 replications and 10 buds, was used. The survival was evaluated at 7, 14 and 30 days. At the same time, the tetrazolium test on seeds was adapted at 0.5% a 25°C for 24 hours, and evaluated after 14 and 30 days. In this bioassay, the survival evaluation of the buds was difficult possibly due to the effect of culture medium and environmental factors. The final result was loss of survival at 30 days, probably because the recovery conditions were not suitable. </p>

scholarly journals Prior disinfestation of irrigated rice seeds under laboratory conditions favors expression of physiological potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-497
Author(s):  
Bruno Tabarelli Scheidt ◽  
Jaquelini Garcia ◽  
Ricardo Trezzi Casa ◽  
Cileide Maria Medeiros Coelho ◽  
Juliano Berghetti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
State University ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Analysis Laboratory ◽  
Rice Seeds

The purpose of this study was to analyze prior seed disinfestation of irrigated rice seeds with sodium hypochlorite and its effect on physiological quality. The experiment was conducted in the seed analysis laboratory of Santa Catarina State University (UDESC). Twenty-four (four per cultivar) seed lots of the cultivars SCSBRS Tio Taka, Epagri 109, SCS116 Satoru, SCS118 Marquês, SCS121 CL, and SCS122 Miura, produced in the Upper Itajaí Valley in the 2016/2017 season, were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. Germination and vigor tests were performed with and without disinfestation seeds. For the germination test with disinfected seeds, there was a higher percentage of normal seedlings and a smaller number of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. There was significant decrease in vigor without prior seed disinfestation. The fungi that infested the seeds caused an increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. Seed disinfestation prior to physiological test positively affects the results regarding the physiological quality of irrigated rice seeds.

scholarly journals Supernumerary epidermal shields and carapace variation in Orbigny's slider turtles, Trachemys dorbigni (Testudines, Emydidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 666-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clóvis S. Bujes ◽  
Laura Verrastro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Descriptions

The epidermal plates of the carapace and plastron of 51 adults (38 females and 13 males), 07 immature individuals, and 46 hatchlings of the freshwater turtle Trachemys dorbigni (Durémil & Bibron, 1835), originated from the delta of Rio Jacuí region, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, were examined. The results showed that 7.7% of males, 10.52% of females, 14.28% of immature individuals, and 6.52% of the hatchlings presented a kind of anomaly on the shell, as well as a presence of supernumerary epidermal shields. Although the modification in the number of epidermal shields presents a high frequency in Testudines, these are the first descriptions of the variation in the pattern of carapacial scutation in eleven individuals from a population of T. dorbigni. The association of several environmental factors acting on the embryonic development of the individual may be responsible for the alteration of the pattern of carapacial scutation in this species.

scholarly journals Horário Ideal para Coleta de Gafanhotos na Depressão Central no Rio Grande do Sul

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Nathália Leal Carvalho ◽  
Ervandil Correa Costa ◽  
Juliana Garlet ◽  
Danilo Boanerges Souza ◽  
Jardel Boscardin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Made In ◽  
Main Factor

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência dos principais fatores ambientais no comportamento de acridóideos, bem como o horário ideal para coleta de espécimes deste grupo. As coletas foram realizadas em uma área de campo nativo, e para a captura dos insetos utilizou-se uma rede de coleta adaptada, com a qual se percorreu a distância de 20m, nos horários: 7:30, 9:30, 11:30, 13:30, 15:30 e 17:30, sendo que em cada um dos horários coletaram-se 10 amostras. Durante a coleta, foram medidas também, as variáveis meteorológicas: pressão atmosférica, velocidade do vento, temperatura média do ar, umidade relativa do ar e luminosidade, em cada horário de coleta. Os exemplares coletados foram acondicionados em sacos plásticos e levados ao Laboratório de Entomologia da UFSM. Após a separação e montagem os espécimes, foram encaminhados ao Laboratório de Entomologia da Faculdade de Biociências da PUCRS, onde foram identificados em nível de espécie. Foram coletados 568 exemplares adultos, distribuídos em vinte e duas espécies, pertencentes a dezoito gêneros e três famílias Acrididae, Proscopiidae e Romaleidae. Neste estudo observou-se que o melhor horário de coleta para áreas de campo foi as 13:30, onde observou-se maior temperatura, fator principal que possibilitou a coleta de número superior de exemplares e maior diversidade das espécies. Ideal Time to Collect Grasshoppers in the Central Depression in Rio Grande do Sul Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the environmental factors on the behavior of acridóideos as well as ideal time for collecting specimens of this group. The collections were made in an area of native grassland, and to capture the insects used an adapted collection network, with which it covered the distance of 20m, in times: 7:30, 9:30, 11:30 , 13:30, 15:30 and 17:30, and in each of the schedules were collected 10 samples.  In the collects, measures were also meteorological variables: air pressure, wind speed, mean air temperature, relative humidity and luminosity in each hour of collection. The collected samples were placed in plastic bags and taken to the Laboratory of Entomology UFSM. After separation and assembly were sent to the Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Biosciences, PUCRS, where Acridoidea were identified by Prof. Maria Katia Matiotti Coast to the taxonomic category of species. We collected 568 adult specimens, distributed in twenty two species, belonging to eighteen genera and three families Acrididae, Proscopiidae and Romaleidae. During the study it was observed that the best time for collecting field areas was 13:30, where we observed a higher temperature, the main factor that enabled the collection of higher number of copies and greater diversity of species.

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