scholarly journals Estudo das Rajadas de Vento no Semiárido Brasileiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e3
Author(s):  
Luana Dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Dimas De Barros Santiago ◽  
Edson Matias dos Santos ◽  
Renata Carvalho de Araújo ◽  
Roberto Fernando da Fonseca Lyra
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Time Of Year

To qualify the wind it is necessary to know its direction and speed. It may have interference in direction and wind speed location, time of year, air temperature, pressure of the earth's atmosphere, humidity, atmosphere and reliefs. Their knowledge is of essential importance in various sectors of human activity, including aircraft safety, navigation, civil construction, agriculture, renewable energy, transport and etc. The focus of this work is the gusts of wind recorded in different regions of the semiarid state of Alagoas (Arapiraca and Palmeira dos Índios) and Pernambuco (Garanhuns and Petrolina) in the period 2014-2018. were analyzed the seasonal direction of the gusts, mean annual speed and gust distributions (seasonal and daily), Maximum annual bursts, monthly gust distributions, occurrences above 15 m/s  and the day of the highest gust on the surface, to observe how behaves  the gusts, temperature, pressure and direction at the time of winds peak.

scholarly journals Diagnostics of internal atmospheric wave saturation and determination of their characteristics in Earth’s stratosphere from radiosonde measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Владимир Губенко ◽  
Vladimir Gubenko ◽  
Иван Кириллович ◽  
Ivan Kirillovich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Internal Wave ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Internal Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Amplitude Growth

Internal gravity waves (IGW) significantly affect the structure and circulation of Earth’s atmosphere by transporting wave energy and momentum upward from the lower atmosphere. Since IGW can propagate freely through a stably stratified atmosphere, similar effects may occur in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. Observations of temperature and wind speed fluctuations induced by internal waves in Earth’s atmosphere have shown that wave amplitudes increase with height, but not quickly enough to correspond to the amplitude increase due to an exponential decrease in the density without energy dissipation. The linear theory of IGW explains the wave amplitude growth rate as follows: any wave amplitude exceeding the threshold value leads to instability and produces turbulence, which hinders further amplitude growth (internal wave saturation). The mechanisms that contribute most to the energy dissipation and saturation of IGW in the atmosphere are thought to be the dynamical (shear) and convective instabilities. The assumption of internal wave saturation plays a key role in radio occultation (RO) monitoring of IGW in planetary atmospheres. A radiosonde study of wave saturation processes in Earth’s atmosphere is therefore actual and important task. We report the results of determination of actual and threshold amplitudes, saturation degree, and other characteristics for the identified IGW in Earth’s atmosphere obtained from the analysis of SPARC (Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate) radiosonde measurements of wind speed and temperature [http://www.sparc.sunysb.edu/].

scholarly journals Behind the Chemistry of Human Activity Affecting the Earth's Atmosphere

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heliya Izadpanah ◽  
Kara Jia ◽  
Georgia Kirn ◽  
Tiffany Nguyen ◽  
Ismael Ostolaza
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

Forecasting diurnal variations in meteorological parameters for predicting fire behaviour

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Beck ◽  
A. C. F. Trevitt
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
Diurnal Variations ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Julian Date ◽  
Time Of Year

Empirical models for predicting diurnal variations in air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity, given daily maximum and minimum values, latitude, and Julian date, have been developed. Solar heating during the daytime is quantitatively depicted using a truncated sine function, and nighttime cooling is characterized by an exponential decay function. Daily wind-speed trends echo diurnal temperature patterns, and relative humidity is modelled as a function of temperature by assuming that absolute humidity remains constant throughout the day. The time of occurrence of daily maxima and minima in temperature and wind speed varies seasonally according to changes in day length. Maximum temperature and wind speed typically occur later in the day than the maximum solar insolation. The magnitude of this lag depends on both time of year and latitude. The models were parameterized for two locations in Australia and observed, and modelled variations in temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were used to forecast diurnal trends in fire behaviour. Predicted fire behaviour compared favourably in the two cases considering the very simple modelling approach employed.

scholarly journals Brief communication: Lower-bound estimates for residence time of energy in the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-631
Author(s):  
Javier Pelegrina ◽  
Carlos Osácar ◽  
Amalio Fernández-Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Planetary Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Perturbation ◽  
Return To Equilibrium ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere

Abstract. The residence time of energy in a planetary atmosphere, τ, which was recently introduced and computed for the Earth's atmosphere (Osácar et al., 2020), is here extended to the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan. τ is the timescale for the energy transport across the atmosphere. In the cases of Venus, Mars and Titan, these computations are lower bounds due to a lack of some energy data. If the analogy between τ and the solar Kelvin–Helmholtz scale is assumed, then τ would also be the time the atmosphere needs to return to equilibrium after a global thermal perturbation.

scholarly journals Processing Records of Wind Speed and Direction (September - November 2009)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Otilia RUSANESCU ◽  
Marin RUSANESCU
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity

A direction for current high research is the wind monitoring and renewable energy. In this paper is monitored by the meteorological station wind direction and is calculated wind rose in September December 2009. The Siap GECO + MICROSOFT Version 2.3.2 automatically record the following parameters: air temperature, wind speed and direction, atmospheric humidity, solar radiation, rain.

scholarly journals Diagnostics of internal atmospheric wave saturation and determination of their characteristics in Earth's stratosphere from radiosonde measurements

2018 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Губенко ◽  
Vladimir Gubenko ◽  
Иван Кириллович ◽  
Ivan Kirillovich
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Internal Wave ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Internal Gravity Waves ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Amplitude Growth

Internal gravity waves (IGW) significantly affect the structure and circulation of Earth’s atmosphere by transporting wave energy and momentum upward from the lower atmosphere. Since IGW can propagate freely through a stably stratified atmosphere, similar effects may occur in the atmospheres of Mars and Venus. Observations of temperature and wind speed fluctuations induced by internal waves in Earth’s atmosphere have shown that wave amplitudes increase with height, but not quickly enough to correspond to the amplitude increase due to an exponential decrease in the density without energy dissipation. The linear theory of IGW explains the wave amplitude growth rate as follows: any wave amplitude exceeding the threshold value leads to instability and produces turbulence, which hinders further amplitude growth (internal wave saturation). The mechanisms that contribute most to the energy dissipation and saturation of IGW in the atmosphere are thought to be the dynamical (shear) and convective instabilities. The assumption of internal wave saturation plays a key role in radio occultation monitoring of IGW in planetary atmospheres. A radiosonde study of wave saturation processes in Earth’s atmosphere is therefore actual and important task. We report the results of determination of actual and threshold amplitudes, saturation degree, and other characteristics for the identified IGW in Earth’s atmosphere obtained from the analysis of SPARC (Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate) radiosonde measurements of wind speed and temperature [http://www.sparc.sunysb.edu/].

scholarly journals Aerosol and splatter in Dentistry - An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Dhoom Singh Mehta ◽  
Preetham Pulluri ◽  
Sowmya Nagur Karibasappa
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Earth’S Atmosphere ◽  
The World ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
Earth's Atmosphere ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Abstract The environment in which we are surrounded is the sum total of living organisms like animals, plants and microorganisms and their actions which undergo constant changes, especially by human activity. It provides conditions for development and growth and also that of danger and damage. Aerosols are such products seen in the urban ecosystems in various forms. The presence of aerosols in earth's atmosphere can influence earth's climate, as well as human health. As they are omnipresent they form a universal challenge to all the dentists around the world to control their transmission and inhibit their action. Hence, in this article we have reviewed various properties of aerosols, methods of measurements, mode of transmission and standard precautions to be followed. How to cite this article Pulluri P, Karibasappa SN, Mehta DS, Aerosol and Splatter in Dentistry - An overview CODS J Dent 2015;7:28-32.

scholarly journals Statistical Forecast of Daily Maximum Air Temperature in Arid Areas at Summertime

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-365
Author(s):  
Monim Al-Jiboori ◽  
Mahmoud Jawad Abu Al-Shaeer ◽  
Ahemd S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Minimum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Based on historical observations of summers for the period from 2004 to 2018 with a focus on daily maximum and minimum air temperatures and wind speed recorded at 0600 GMT, a non-linear regression hypothesis is developed for forecasting daily maximum air temperature (Tmax) in arid areas such as Baghdad International airport station, which has a hot climate with no cloud cover or rain. Observations with dust storm events were excluded, thus this hypothesis could be used to predict daily Tmax on any day during summers characterized by fair weather. Using mean annual daily temperature range, daily minimum temperature, and the trend of maximum temperature with wind speed, Tmax was forecasted and then compared to those recorded by meteorological instruments. To improve the accuracy of the hypothesis, daily forecast errors, bias, and mean absolute error were analyzed to detect their characteristics through calculating relative frequencies of occurrence. At the end of this analysis, a value of (-0.45ºC) was added to the hypothesis as a bias term.

scholarly journals Weather-Based Models for Assessing the Risk of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Apothecial Presence in Soybean (Glycine max) Fields

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime F. Willbur ◽  
Mamadou L. Fall ◽  
Christopher Bloomingdale ◽  
Adam M. Byrne ◽  
Scott A. Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Moving Averages ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) epidemics in soybean, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, are currently responsible for annual yield reductions in the United States of up to 1 million metric tons. In-season disease management is largely dependent on chemical control but its efficiency and cost-effectiveness depends on both the chemistry used and the risk of apothecia formation, germination, and further dispersal of ascospores during susceptible soybean growth stages. Hence, accurate prediction of the S. sclerotiorum apothecial risk during the soybean flowering period could enable farmers to improve in-season SSR management. From 2014 to 2016, apothecial presence or absence was monitored in three irrigated (n = 1,505 plot-level observations) and six nonirrigated (n = 2,361 plot-level observations) field trials located in Iowa (n = 156), Michigan (n = 1,400), and Wisconsin (n = 2,310), for a total of 3,866 plot-level observations. Hourly air temperature, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, leaf wetness, and rainfall were also monitored continuously, throughout the season, at each location using high-resolution gridded weather data. Logistic regression models were developed for irrigated and nonirrigated conditions using apothecial presence as a binary response variable. Agronomic variables (row width) and weather-related variables (defined as 30-day moving averages, prior to apothecial presence) were tested for their predictive ability. In irrigated soybean fields, apothecial presence was best explained by row width (r = −0.41, P < 0.0001), 30-day moving averages of daily maximum air temperature (r = 0.27, P < 0.0001), and daily maximum relative humidity (r = 0.16, P < 0.05). In nonirrigated fields, apothecial presence was best explained by using moving averages of daily maximum air temperature (r = –0.30, P < 0.0001) and wind speed (r = –0.27, P < 0.0001). These models correctly predicted (overall accuracy of 67 to 70%) apothecial presence during the soybean flowering period for four independent datasets (n = 1,102 plot-level observations or 30 daily mean observations).

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