scholarly journals Characterization and evaluation of potential impacts in the environment of residual fiber from cellulose

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Alvaro João Zonta Neto ◽  
Mariana Gomes Oliveira ◽  
Everton Skoronski ◽  
Maurício Vicente Alves
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Final Residue

The search for alternative final destinations for residue from industrial processes is a growing problem. Pulp and paper industries generate large amounts of residue, which are not always reused or do not receive adequate final destination. An alternative is its reuse, using the final disposal of the residue in the soil, for its potential to inactivate part of the chemical compounds, allowing its use as agricultural inputs of low cost. The purpose of this study was to analyze the final residue of the treatment plant of a pulp and paper industry using the kraft pulping method, which allows a high resistance and low lignin cellulose pulp with the advantage of recovering the chemicals used, reducing costs. In order to pre-evaluate this disposal possibility, this study carried out the classification of the waste classifying the hazardousness of the cellulose fiber, and its behavior under solubilization and leaching tests. The results of the analysis showed that the reactivity characteristics and solubilization of substances in water above the maximum permissible value (MPV), characterizing the residue as non-inert and Hazardous Class I due to the presence of S2- releasing H2S in concentrations above than those established by the regulations.

scholarly journals Cellulose pulp produced from bulrush fiber

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Karine Dick Wille ◽  
Cristiane Pedrazzi ◽  
Jorge Luiz Colodette ◽  
Rubens Chaves de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo Coldebella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Cellulosic Pulp

ABSTRACT: Brazil continues to use wood as the principal raw material source for the pulp industry; although, non-wood fibers have been revealed to be a competent substitute to produce paper with different and exceptional properties. Keeping this in focus, this study aimed to assess potential of Schoenoplectus californicus fibers (C. A. Mey.) Soják, commonly identified as bulrush or reed, in cellulosic pulp generation, as an alternative fiber source for the pulp and paper industry. On analyzing the chemical composition of reed fibers, extractives of lignin, carbohydrates, uronic acids and minerals were reported. Physico-chemical characteristics of reed-based cellulosic pulp were estimated including viscosity, hexenuronic acids, etc., as well as anatomical features of length, width, etc. From the chemical analyses of the reed the presence of high concentrations of extractives and silica was clear, making them unfit as raw material for cellulosic pulp production. Pulp kraft pulping process produced brown pulps low in viscosity (34.5m Pa.s) and hexenuronic acid content. Reed is thus classifiable as short-fiber source for pulp and paper industries.

Co-cooking nonwoods with hardwoods

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
TROY RUNGE ◽  
CHUNHUI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
Xylan Content

Agricultural residues and energy crops are promising resources that can be utilized in the pulp and paper industry. This study examines the potential of co-cooking nonwood materials with hardwoods as means to incorporate nonwood material into a paper furnish. Specifically, miscanthus, switchgrass, and corn stover were substituted for poplar hardwood chips in the amounts of 10 wt %, 20 wt %, and 30 wt %, and the blends were subjected to kraft pulping experiments. The pulps were then bleached with an OD(EP)D sequence and then refined and formed into handsheets to characterize their physical properties. Surprisingly, all three co-cooked pulps showed improved strength properties (up to 35%). Sugar measurement of the pulps by high-performance liquid chromatography suggested that the strength increase correlated with enriched xylan content.

scholarly journals Cellulosic Bioethanol from Industrial Eucalyptus globulus Bark Residues Using Kraft Pulping as a Pretreatment

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2185
Author(s):  
Mariana S. T. Amândio ◽  
Jorge M. S. Rocha ◽  
Luísa S. Serafim ◽  
Ana M. R. B. Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Fermentation Performance ◽  
Xylose Consumption ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Cellulosic Sugars ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation

The pulp and paper industry faces an emerging challenge for valorising wastes and side-streams generated according to the biorefinery concept. Eucalyptus globulus bark, an abundant industrial residue in the Portuguese pulp and paper sector, has a high potential to be converted into biobased products instead of being burned. This work aimed to evaluate the ethanol production from E. globulus bark previously submitted to kraft pulping through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) configuration. Fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis provided a concentrated hydrolysate with 161.6 g·L−1 of cellulosic sugars. S. cerevisiae and Ethanol Red® strains demonstrated a very good fermentation performance, despite a negligible xylose consumption. S. passalidarum, a yeast known for its capability to consume pentoses, was studied in a simultaneous co-culture with Ethanol Red®. However, bioethanol production was not improved. The best fermentation performance was achieved by Ethanol Red®, which provided a maximum ethanol concentration near 50 g·L−1 and fermentation efficiency of 80%. Concluding, kraft pulp from E. globulus bark showed a high potential to be converted into cellulosic bioethanol, being susceptible to implementing an integrated biorefinery on the pulp and paper industrial plants.

The Development of Waste Water Treatment in the Finnish Pulp and Paper Industry

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Luonsi ◽  
J. Junna ◽  
I. Nevalainen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Target Values

The recent development of Finnish pulp and paper industry external wastewater treatment has created positive results by reducing the oxygen consuming load (BOD7) of the recipients. This is due to the thirteen activated sludge plants and one anaerobic reactor which have been constructed during the last four years. The target values set in the form of suspended solids (SS) and BOD7 for 1985 (400 t BOD7/d) are expected to be achieved during 1987. Activated sludge plants have also created negative effects in the form of large amounts of surplus biological sludge and increased nutrient discharges, especially phosphorus which with reduced acute toxicity will increase the eutrophication of discharge areas. The share of activated sludge plants for the increased phosphorus discharges remains to be studied. The rapid increase started before the activated sludge plants started operation. In well operated activated sludge plant nutrient discharge is not increased. Although the specific water consumption and specific organic loads continuously decrease in pulp and paper production the increased production and more stringent requirements for pollution control prerequisite investments for external treatment. Therefore it is the time for efficient biological treatment plant construction and before 1995 a good number of mainly activated sludge plants will be constructed, for which time target values and some alternative guidelines to pollution control have been planned but not yet officially issued. Also requirements for CODCr, and total organic chlorine (TOCl) will be among the effluent quality criteria in the near future. When further requirements are issued the basis must be in the requirements of the biota which it is desired to live in the discharge areas. Much research is needed to find out how many of these requirements can be satisfied by modifications of present treatment processes. Thereafter the possibility of removing specific pollutants from the low volume fractions must be identified. The results of these studies must then be compared with the tertiary processes which can be added after the biological treatment plants which process the combined mill effluent. The problem must be regarded as a complex one because any substance removed from the wastewater will be found either in the sludge or in the air. The harmful compounds should be returned to normal ecological circulation or to the least harmful form and location in the most suitable waste stream.

Energy efficient aeration of wastewaters from the pulp and paper industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2364-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Mills

More than 50% of the electrical power needed to treat pulp and paper industry effluents is used for aeration in biological treatment stages. A large share of the oxygen that passes through the wastewater is not consumed and will be found in the off-gas. Energy can be saved by aerating under conditions where the oxygen transfer is most efficient, for example at low concentrations of dissolved oxygen Consider the sludge as an energy source; electricity can be saved by avoiding sludge reduction through prolonged aeration. High oxygen transfer efficiency can be retained by using the oxygen consumption of biosolids. Quantified savings in the form of needed volumes of air while still achieving sufficient COD reduction are presented. The tests have been made in a bubble column with pulp mill process water and sludge from a biological treatment plant. These were supplemented with case studies at three pulp and paper mills.

Marine outfall alternative to solve the color problems of pulp and paper industry effluents

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
I. Öztürk ◽  
V. Eroglu ◽  
H. Z. Sarikaya ◽  
N. Sakiroglu ◽  
H. Selçuk
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
Secondary Stage

In this paper, elimination of color from the effluents of the secondary stage biological treatment plant of an integrated pulp and paper mill located at a tourism resort was investigated by using a marine outfall system. The investigated mill has a full-scale aerated lagoon system treating effluents from a chemical pre-treatment plant. The colored effluents from the treatment plant have been discharged to a river ending in the Mediterranean and this has resulted in deterioration of the natural appearance of the coastal waters used for recreational purposes. In this study, a marine outfall system with a diameter of 1200 mm and a multiport diffuser of 290 m were planned to eliminate the color problem from the lagoon effluents. The required initial dilution to reduce the color to unnoticeable levels in the marine environment was determined 70 by laboratory-scale dilution experiments. In addition to these investigations, long-term full scale treatment results of the related industry are presented. Oceanographic studies and water quality measurements were performed to evaluate the effects of effluents from the industry on the marine environment. Bioassay tests were also conducted to assess the toxic impacts of the secondary treatment effluents on the macro fauna using Lapistes retucularis as a test species. Considering these findings, a marine outfall system was designed. The designed marine outfall system is currently under construction.

Improvement of Sludge Settleability in Activated Sludge Plants Treating Effluent from Pulp and Paper Industries

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjær Andreasen ◽  
Jeanette Agertved ◽  
Jens-Ove Petersen ◽  
Henrik Skaarup
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Filamentous Microorganisms ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries

The main objective of many activated sludge plants treating wastewater from the pulp and paper industry is to remove COD only. These plants are often designed as high-load aerobic systems without any microbial selector system. As a consequence the sludge settling properties are normally poor due to fast growing filamentous microorganisms, which severely reduce the treatment capacity and the effluent quality. Implementation of selectors, in which the substrate concentration and the metabolic pathways can be manipulated, has in many cases reduced the bulking sludge problems in activated sludge systems. An example of a successful upgrading of a Danish pulp industry wastewater treatment plant with an anoxic selector is presented. the use of a novel technique to investigate the in situ physiology of filamentous microorganisms is discussed. It is concluded that a successful application of selectors relies on detailed knowledge about: a) physiology and substrate requirement of the filamentous microorganisms, b) wastewater composition and c) substrate removal kinetics in the selector system.

Proposal for water reuse in the Kraft pulp and paper industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kossar ◽  
K. J. Amaral ◽  
S. S. Martinelli ◽  
M. C. L. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Machines

The reuse of wastewater by the pulp and paper industry reduces environmental impacts by contributing to raw water conservation, thereby making a greater volume of fresh water available for nobler purposes, and reducing wastewater treatment. This study evaluated a proposed system of water reuse at a Kraft pulp and paper plant in Brazil, based on a survey of water quality required by its consumption points, supplied by its water treatment plant. Results after ultrafiltration included: turbidity of 0,3 NTU and pH 7,5, average values of BOD 66,4 mg/L, COD 9,6 mg/L and the colour of 280,5 ppm Pt were measured after ultrafiltration. The ultrafiltered wastewater was considered available for reuse, and its quality was compared with that of the water supplied by the water treatment plant, which provided for the classification of potential reuse points. Water colour was identified as the limiting factor for reuse; thus the reuse points were two Kraft paper machines, and the water flow to the liquid ring formations that generate the vacuums inside nineteen pumps for these two machines. The advantages of this proposal for water reuse include: ultrafiltered water quality sufficient for the vacuum pumps, the small distance between the point of reused water generation and the paper machines section, and the reused water has no contact with the final product. The calculated cost and return time for the water reuse system was US$ 607.020,00 in 15 years.

scholarly journals Technology: The classic Canadian dilemma—Short-term gain for long-term pain!

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Joseph D Wright
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
New Product ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Global Companies ◽  
Technology Strategies

In a globally competitive world, innovation is an essential component of long-term success. For commodity industries in particular, global companies will dominate, with niche-market, nimble, small companies providing specialized products to select customers. Both will require technology. To survive in international markets, Canadian pulp and paper producers must develop integrated business and technology strategies to meet global competition from low-cost fibres and state-of-the-art mills. For competitive positioning, and for increased returns on investment, the mandatory progress in cost reduction must be balanced with revenue growth through new product innovations. Companies can leverage their limited resources through participation in the programs of a research institute. Paprican, as an example, provides access to broadly based technical skills in areas related to cost reduction, and environmental sustainability. At the same time, it delivers world-class, strategically driven research that enables new product design and development. For technologies related to public policy directives such as environmental performance or global warming initiatives, governments must participate as stakeholders in the solutions to their issues. Key words: pulp and paper industry, international competitiveness, research and development, research institutes, innovation, return on investment, multidisciplinary research, public policy

Monitoring of Organochlorine Compounds in Finnish Inland Waters Polluted by Pulp and Paper Effluents Using the Mussel Incubation Method

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirpa Herve
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Incubation Method

In the summer of 1988 a full-scale monitoring of chlorohydrocarbons, chlorophenols and aromatic chloroethers was carried out in the freshwater recipients of pulp and paper industry using the mussel incubation method, which has been developed and tested in Finland since 1984. The total number of incubation stations was 40. The results showed that the highest concentrations of chlorophenols originating from pulp bleaching processes were found in the vicinity of pulp mills with no biological waste-water treatment plant. Other chlorophenolic compounds – airborne or mainly originating from chloro-disinfection of water, combustion, wood preservation, sawmills etc. – were detected in small amounts at almost all the sites tested. The highest concentrations were found in the recipients of old sawmills. PCB was also detected in considerable concentrations in some recipients. In the summer of 1989 the monitoring was repeated at 20 incubation stations. The results of 1988 and 1989 are compared, with particular reference to those recipients where water protection measures and the construction of new activated sludge treatment plants were carried out during 1988.

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