scholarly journals Evidence-based policing

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-185
Author(s):  
Dragana Spasić
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Police Decision Making ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Evidence Based Policing

The concept of evidence-based policing is a relatively new approach to policing that has been drawing the attention of the scientific and professional public for more than two decades, and which was inspired by a broader movement, based on the notion of "evidence-based practice". Around the world associations (so called societies) have been set up to advance the idea of evidence-based policing trough conducting and disseminating police research. The intention of the academic and professional community is to create a knowledge base that will assist the police in making decisions regarding the implementation of particular strategies and tactics in order to achieve the desired goal. Despite the current relevance of this issue, a previously conducted survey among police officers and police educators from these areas has shown that a large number of them are not yet aware of the concept mentioned above. Bearing this in mind, as well as the fact that the majority of the respondents stated that they turn to journal Bezbednost when acquiring information about the latest topics and trends in the field of policing, the author here seeks to give brief but comprehensive description of the new concept. In order to make this possible, the first part of the paper gives an overview of the notion of evidence-based medicine and the early origins of the idea of evidence-based policing. The second part of the paper is devoted to defining the notion of evidence-based policing and to more closely defining the term "evidence" in this context. Finally, a model is presented, created by Sherman, that represents the proposed framework for incorporating this concept into the police decision-making process.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Phytoiatry, a New Approach in Crop Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Marcello Iriti ◽  
Elena Maria Varoni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
First Time

In the past decades, the scientific quality of biomedical studies has been hierarchically depicted in the well-known pyramid of evidence-based medicine (EBM), with higher and higher levels of evidence moving from the base to the top. Such an approach is missing in the modern crop protection and, therefore, we introduce, for the first time, this novel concept of evidence-based phytoiatry in this field. This editorial is not a guideline on plant protection products (PPP) registration, but rather a scientific and technical support for researchers involved in the general area of plant pathology, providing them with evidence-based information useful to design critically new studies.

Training trainers in risk assessment

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (S32) ◽  
pp. 35-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Harris
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Apprenticeship Model ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Early Training

Risk assessment has always been an essential part of all medical practice, and doctors have always been trained to make rapid assessment of risk. Much of the early training of doctors in both medicine and surgery centres on risk assessment. However, the method of acquiring that knowledge is predominantly through the apprenticeship model with observation by the trainee of the trainer's decision-making process. Those decisions, however, are often skewed and biased by a whole variety of influences, rather than always being based on scientific evidence. Clearly the increasing influence of evidence-based medicine will help this. At one extreme, however, there are heroic surgeons taking unnecessary risk or taking on cases which might more appropriately have been left without treatment, and at the other extreme, consultants who may feel demoralised or depressed might well become nihilistic about medicine and therefore might not attempt to treat cases that are treatable.

The Proclivity to Rely on Professional Experience and Evidence-Based Policing: Findings From a Survey of High-Ranking Officers in the Israel Police

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1456-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Jonathan-Zamir ◽  
David Weisburd ◽  
Michal Dayan ◽  
Maia Zisso
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Evidence Based Policing

Studies have identified that police officers often support and value evidence-based policing (EBP), but nevertheless prefer relying on experience when making decisions. Yet, policing scholars have paid little attention to the generality of this proclivity, the psychological mechanisms behind it, or to its implications for implementing EBP. The present study illuminates this phenomenon. We review its psychological foundations and use a survey of high-ranking officers from the Israel Police to examine its prevalence. We find that while officers support EBP overall, they believe that decisions should be based primarily on experience, not research. The two were found to be separate (although correlated) constructs. Furthermore, we find that the preference for experience as the basis for decision making is an overarching trait, not associated with personal-level characteristics. We discuss the implications of our findings and argue that attempts to implement EBP should recognize and work with this inherent psychological inclination.

scholarly journals NEW APPROACHES TO DESIGN PRACTICE

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Design Based Research ◽  
Future Design ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Way

Contemporary design practice is both borrowing from and contributing to other disciplines. This paper will examine two significant trends – design-based research and evidence-based design – that will have an impact on current and future design practices. Design-based research is currently popular in the field of education and borrows from the way architects and engineers work to develop their ideas in real-world contexts and as such it provides a new perspective into design engineering itself. Evidence-based design borrows from work done in evidence-based medicine to carefully observe and analyze the way people use the products of design. Taken together these two trends provide a new approach to design and a better means of connecting with collaborators, consumers and users.

scholarly journals Primary hyperparathyroidism: the clinical picture, diagnostics, differential diagnostics, and methods of treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 40-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Dedov ◽  
Galina A. Melnichenko ◽  
Natalia G. Mokrysheva ◽  
Liudmila Y. Rozhinskaya ◽  
Nikolay S. Kusnezov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
Set Up ◽  
International Experts ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHT) is the third most common endocrine disorder in men and women after diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease and one of the most frequent causes of osteoporosis and fractures among the secondary osteopathy. PHT refers to socially significant problems in connection with involvement in the pathological process of the majority of organs and system In recent years, the conception of epidemiology, clinic and tactics of management of patients with PHT has changed due to significant increase of morbidity at the expense of identification of mild forms of disease. The modern management concept tactics depends on clinical manifestations. Bearing in mind the importance of the problem under consideration, the working group was set up for the development of federal recommendations on the treatment of PHT based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The experience accumulated by the domestic and international experts was summarized in the federal clinical guidelines on PHT.

scholarly journals Policing Research and the Rise of the ‘Evidence-Base’: Police Officer and Staff Understandings of Research, its Implementation and ‘What Works’

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Lumsden ◽  
Jackie Goode
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
Evidence Based Policing

Despite the pitfalls identified in previous critiques of the evidence-based practice movement in education, health, medicine and social care, recent years have witnessed its spread to the realm of policing. This article considers the rise of evidence-based policy and practice as a dominant discourse in policing in the UK, and the implications this has for social scientists conducting research in this area, and for police officers and staff. Social scientists conducting research with police must consider organisational factors impacting upon police work, as well as the wider political agendas which constrain it – in this case, the ways in which the adoption of evidence-based policing and the related ‘gold standard’ used to evaluate research act as a ‘technology of power’ to shape the nature of policing/research. The discussion draws on semi-structured interviews conducted with police officers and staff from police forces in England.

scholarly journals Clinical Trials: What, Where, When?

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
Olga S. Kobyakova ◽  
Ivan A. Deev ◽  
Evgeny S. Kulikov ◽  
Roman I. Shtykh ◽  
Igor D. Pimenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Complete Knowledge ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
Based Medicine

Currently randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are a key stage in the development of new drugs. Despite the huge scale of the CT market, general awareness of the issue remains low and the society has formed a number of stereotypes and misconceptions about CTs. The presented review of Russian and foreign studies provides the information on the level of general awareness of clinical research in different countries, as well as among patients and practitioners. The conducted literature analysis demonstrates that awareness of clinical trials remains low both in society at large and among patients or in the professional community of practitioners. According to foreign studies, only 20–30% of respondents have heard anything about medical research while a relatively small percentage of respondents have more complete knowledge of RCTs. Among practitioners, only one in five is sufficiently informed about CTs while, according to different data, only about half fully realize what evidence-based medicine is and understand the importance of CTs as a source of reliable knowledge in everyday practice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document