scholarly journals VITAMIN D STATUS IN A HEALTHY TUNISIAN POPULATION

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma KRIR ◽  
Afef BAHLOUS ◽  
Mehdi MRAD ◽  
BOUKSILA Mouna ◽  
KALAI Safa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Tunisian Population ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency is one of the most common medical conditions worldwide. In Tunisia, several studies evaluated Vitamin D status, but this was concerning specific populations (pregnant women, obese or diabetic patients and children with asthma). The only study that evaluated Vitamin D status in a healthy Tunisian population was conducted by Meddeb and al. in 2002. The update of data available, based on the currently recommended limits, is necessary. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in a healthy Tunisian population, and correlate the values with potential risk factors. It was conducted on 209 Tunisian healthy subjects. Data collected included clinical characteristics and dietary intakes. We measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), glycemia, creatinine, calcium, phosphorus, proteins and alkaline phosphatase levels. Hypovitaminosis D was retained for 25(OH)D concentrations <30ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency was defined by 25(OH)D concentrations <10 ng/ml. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D deficiency were respectively 92.3% and 47.6%. The main factors that were significantly associated with low vitamin D levels in our multivariate analysis were veiling, living in rural areas and sunscreen use. However, sex, age, socioeconomic level, phototype, solar exposure score, smoking and bone mass index, were not statistically associated with hypovitaminosis D. The study of relationship between vitamin D status and serum PTH levels showed a significative and negative correlation (p< 0.005). Given the high prevalence of vitamin D, an adapted health policy is essential. A widespread vitamin D supplementation and food fortification seems to be necessary in Tunisia.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and 3-month Glasgow Outcome Scale scores in patients in neurocritical care: prospective analysis of 497 patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guan ◽  
Michael Karsy ◽  
Andrea A. Brock ◽  
Ilyas M. Eli ◽  
Gabrielle M. Manton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽  
Neurocritical Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Simplified Acute Physiology Score ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

OBJECTIVEVitamin D deficiency has been associated with a variety of negative outcomes in critically ill patients, but little focused study on the effects of hypovitaminosis D has been performed in the neurocritical care population. In this study, the authors examined the effect of vitamin D deficiency on 3-month outcomes after discharge from a neurocritical care unit (NCCU).METHODSThe authors prospectively analyzed 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in patients admitted to the NCCU of a quaternary care center over a 6-month period. Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were used to evaluate their 3-month outcome, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the effects of vitamin D deficiency.RESULTSFour hundred ninety-seven patients met the inclusion criteria. In the binomial logistic regression model, patients without vitamin D deficiency (> 20 ng/dl) were significantly more likely to have a 3-month GOS score of 4 or 5 than those who were vitamin D deficient (OR 1.768 [95% CI 1.095–2.852]). Patients with a higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) (OR 0.925 [95% CI 0.910–0.940]) and those admitted for stroke (OR 0.409 [95% CI 0.209–0.803]) or those with an “other” diagnosis (OR 0.409 [95% CI 0.217–0.772]) were significantly more likely to have a 3-month GOS score of 3 or less.CONCLUSIONSVitamin D deficiency is associated with worse 3-month postdischarge GOS scores in patients admitted to an NCCU. Additional study is needed to determine the role of vitamin D supplementation in the NCCU population.

scholarly journals Anxiety Symptoms Among Lebanese Health-care Students: Prevalence, Risk Factors, And Relationship With Vitamin D Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José-Noel Ibrahim ◽  
Léa Audi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Health Care Students ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Social Difficulties

Introduction: Various emotions may arise in the context of extensive curriculum of paramedical education. Their association to biological aspects such as Vitamin D status is to be examined with regard to the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in the region. This research aims to evaluate the prevalence of anxiety symptoms and their relationship with Vitamin D status among Lebanese health-care students.Methods: A total of 157 university students aged 18-25 years old completed a questionnaire related to medical and psychiatric history, nutritional intake, lifestyle habits, and social difficulties. Anxiety symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Vitamin D serum levels were analyzed using ELISA technique.Results: Anxiety symptoms were present in 37.5% of students with 2.5% presenting severe anxiety. Anxiety symptoms were significantly associated to health problems (p = 0.0038), social difficulties (p = 0.001), and a family history of psychiatric disorders (p < 0.0001). Low Vitamin D levels were detected in 49.3% of participants; 77.5% having a Vitamin D insufficiency while the rest presenting a Vitamin D deficiency. Students with anxiety symptoms had significantly lower Vitamin D levels as compared to those having no anxiety manifestations (17.9 ng/mL ± 7.9 vs. 24.2 ng/mL ± 9.9, p = 0.0023). However, no significant correlation was registered between anxiety symptoms scores and Vitamin D levels.Conclusion: Anxiety symptoms were found to be relatively prevalent among health-care students and associated to low Vitamin D levels. Further studies are warranted to clarify the beneficial effect of Vitamin D supplementation in the prevention, management, and treatment of anxiety symptoms among health-care students.

scholarly journals Effect of Vitamin D supplementation and outdoor activity on serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D among children in North China: an observational study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Zhang ◽  
Yanping Chen ◽  
Shanshan Jin ◽  
Xinxin Bi ◽  
Dongkai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
North China ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Outdoor Activity

Abstract Background Living at high latitudes is one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children. However, evidence on vitamin D improvement for this pediatric population to date is limited. This study aims at evaluating the effect of different supplementation methods and outdoor activity time on the vitamin D status of children in North China. Methods A total of 55,925 children aged 1 month to 18 years old were recruited from pediatric outpatient departments from July 2016 to June 2017. Data on demographics, anthropometric measurements, vitamin D supplementation, and outdoor time were recorded. The serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of vitamin D supplementation or outdoor time with blood vitamin D status, adjusted for age, gender, BMI for age, and seasons. Results The overall rate of hypovitaminosis D was 65.60%. Of the children’s outdoor time, 35.63%, 31.95%, and 32.42% were below 30 min/d, 30–60 min/d and over 60 min/d, respectively. Furthermore, the proportion of iatrogenic supplementation, voluntary supplementation and no vitamin D supplementation among the children was 16.48%, 32.87%, and 50.65%, respectively. After adjusted for confounding factors, vitamin D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D, with OR (95% CI) of 0.191 (0.180, 0.202) in children with iatrogenic supplementation and 0.423 (0.404, 0.443) in those with voluntary supplementation, compared with children without vitamin D supplementation. In addition, longer outdoor time was associated with a lower risk of hypovitaminosis D [0.479 (0.456, 0.504) for 60 min/d, 0.737 (0.701, 0.776) for 30–60 min/d], independent of vitamin D supplementation. Conclusions High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was found in children living at high latitudes. Vitamin D supplementation and outdoor time are all negatively associated with children’s vitamin D deficiency. Routine 25(OH)D testing combined with vitamin D supplementation might be an effective approach to prevent hypovitaminosis D among children living at high latitudes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on The Outcome of Treatment with Bevacizumab in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahba Fekri ◽  
Masoud Soheilian ◽  
Sepehr Roozdar ◽  
Seyed-Hossein Abtahi ◽  
Hosein Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Purpose: Concomitant vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is speculated to aggravate diabetic macular edema (DME). We aimed to determine the effect of hypovitaminosis D correction on the outcome of treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) in DME eyes.Methods: 83 eyes of 83 patients with DME were recruited and divided into three groups: normal vitamin D levels + IVB administration (Group 1 ), vitamin D insufficient/deficient + IVB administration (Group 2), and vitamin D insufficient/deficient + IVB administration+ oral vitamin D supplementation (Group 3). Visual (corrected distance visual acuity, CDVA) and anatomical (central macular thickness, CMT) outcomes of intervention were evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after the triple IVB injections were completed. Serum vitamin D levels were measured 1 and 6 months after the third IVB administration. Results: In months 1, 3, and 6, after the basic triple IVB injection, visual acuity and CMT improved in all three groups, but improvements (both functional and anatomical) in groups 1 and 3 (sufficient vitamin D and corrected hypovitaminosis D) in month 6 were more significant than in group 2 (uncorrected hypovitaminosis D) (p <0.001). The mean number of IVB injections during follow-up was 5.33 (range: 4-7), which did not differ between the groups.Conclusion: Correction of vitamin D deficiency in DME patients with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D deficiency, in addition to IVB injections, may play a role in improving CDVA and CMT. However, this beneficial effect seems to be delayed by several months.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20200407046978N1, registered on April 11, 2020, - retrospectively registered. https://en.irct.ir/trial/46999

scholarly journals Responsibility for vitamin D supplementation of elderly care home residents in England: falling through the gap between medicine and food

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Williams ◽  
Carol Williams
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

AbstractIntroductionVitamin D supplements are recommended for elderly care home residents with little sunlight exposure. However, their use in care homes is limited and vitamin D deficiency in residents is widespread. This study aimed to understand perceived responsibility for the vitamin D status of residents and the determinants of current practice around supplementation.MethodsThirteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants in two areas of Southern England including care home managers, general practitioners (GPs) and public health professionals. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim.ResultsInductive thematic analysis identified four themes – medical framing; professional and sector boundaries; awareness of national guidance; and ethical and practical issues. Vitamin D supplements were not routinely given to residents, and most participants, including the GPs, believed the vitamin D status of residents was the responsibility of the GP. Care home managers felt unable to make decisions about vitamin D and vulnerable to suggestions of wrongdoing in administering over-the-counter vitamin tablets. This results in vitamin D requiring prescription by medical professionals and few care home residents receiving vitamin D supplements.ConclusionThe medical framing of vitamin D supplements in care homes is a practical barrier to residents receiving them and is out of step with public health recommendations. Vitamin D levels in care home residents could be improved through universal supplementation. This requires a paradigm shift so that vitamin D is understood as a protective nutrient as well as a medicine, and a public health as well as a medical responsibility. The failure to ensure vitamin D adequacy of residents may emerge as a factor in the spread and severity of COVID-19 in care homes and gives increased urgency to addressing this issue.KEY MESSAGESWhat is already known about the subject?Nutrition guidelines recommend elderly care home residents take vitamin D supplements as a preventative measure. This is rarely implemented in practice and vitamin D inadequacy is widespread.What are the new findings?Medical framing of vitamin D in the care sector puts elderly residents at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D supplements are perceived as medicines requiring an individual prescription and diagnosis by a medical professional. This is out of step with public health recommendations. The system’s failure to protect the vitamin D status of the elderly in care homes may have implications in the context of COVID-19.How might these results change the focus of research or practice?Prompt a review of current guidelines and regulations in England to establish responsibility for implementing public health recommendations on vitamin D supplementation in care homes. Further research on feasibility of implementation strategies is needed.

scholarly journals A study on vitamin D status among orthopaedic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Srinivasalu Santhanagopal ◽  
Matthew Sebastian ◽  
Madan Mohan Muniswamy ◽  
Anoop Pilar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> There is an alarmingly high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in orthopaedic patients, regardless of whether or not, they require surgical intervention. Vitamin D plays an essential role in bone formation, maintenance, and remodelling, as well as muscle function and deficiency could affect adversely in multiple ways. Many reports recently demonstrated high rates of vitamin D deficiency, in numerous segments of Indian population, but there is no study reported so far from India, which focuses specifically on vitamin D status in orthopaedic patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> It is a descriptive study to<strong> </strong>estimate vitamin D levels in patients scheduled to undergo orthopaedic surgery. Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in 310 patients, who were admitted at our institution, from December 2015 to August 2017 were measured.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 310 patients included in our study, 189 (61%) were males and 121 (39%) females. Vitamin D deficiency (&lt;20 ng/ml) was present in 232 patients, insufficiency (&lt;30 ng/ml) was present in 63 patients and only 15 patients had desirable levels (&gt;30 ng/ml). Patients younger than 60 years and males had more prevalence of Vitamin D abnormality. 168 (72.4%) of the patients, with deficiency presented in winter, compared to 64 (27.6%) in summer.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Statistically significant vitamin D deficiency was seen during winter months, in patients undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty, and in patients admitted for degenerative disease of the spine, hip and knee. Screening and treating hypovitaminosis D appears to be important in orthopaedic patients as vitamin D deficiency is prevalent across all age groups in the population studied.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in various regions of the Russian Federation: results of the first stage of the multicenter cross-sectional randomized study

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Pigarova ◽  
Liudmila Y. Rozhinskaya ◽  
Nino N. Katamadze ◽  
Alexandra A. Povaliaeva ◽  
Ekaterina A. Troshina
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background. A vitamin D deficiency is a global wide health problem. Inadequate vitamin D status leads to serious medical, social and economic consequences and requires timely diagnosis and adequate correction.Aim: to assess the incidence of vitamin D deficiency among the population living in regions of the Russian Federation located at latitudes from 45° to 70° and to study its relationship to various factors (demographic, socio-economic, geographical, etc.).Materials and methods. A multicenter, cross-sectional, randomized study of individuals of both sexes aged 18 to 50 years. The study of 25ОНD level in the blood serum was carried out by INVITRO LLC laboratories using chemilumescent analysis in two stages: in the period from March to May 2020 and from October to November 2020. The first stage of the study involved 500 volunteers (77% women, 23% men). Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, factors associated with vitamin D levels, were assessed using a specially designed questionnaire.Results. In this article we present the results of the first stage. A countrywide high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (56.4%) and insufficiency (27.9%) was revealed, that is, 84.3% of the population aged 18–50 years requires cholecalciferol supplementation. The lowest vitamin D status was found in St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Kyzyl and Rostov-on-Don (over 90% of participants had inadequate levels). A decrease in the level of 25ОНD was observed to a greater extent in men than in women (p <0.05), as well as in young people aged 18–25 years (p <0.05). No major association of vitamin D status with anthropometric parameters, the number of days of disability, were not found. However, those who went to tanning beds or were in direct sunlight for at least 30 days a year had higher levels of 25ОНD, and those using sunscreens had lower levels.Conclusion. The data obtained confirms the widespread prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in the country (84.3% of participants), generally not related to the geographical latitude of residence, which indicates the need for vitamin D supplementation in a significant part of the population.

scholarly journals Dyslipidemia and Vitamin D Status in Diabetic Patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sassi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Dyslipidemia is one of the most common metabolic syndrome among diabetic patients due to several factors include insulin insufficiency, resistance, and central obesity. Furthermore both vitamin D deficiency and diabetes are most public health worldwide problems. Therefore the aim of the present work to study the dyslipidemia and vitamin D status in diabetes patients and also to study the relation between vitamin D status and lipid profile in diabetic patients. Methods: A Cross sectional study conducted on randomly selected diabetic patients whether have vitamin D deficiency with dyslipidemia, vitamin D deficiency with no dyslipidemia or dyslipidemia with no vitamin D deficiency. A total sample 165 patients enrolled in the study with serum lipid profile, vitamin D and glycemic control measured at beginning and end of the study. The data analysis was done through Chi-square or T test at α< 0.05. Result: The data collected on 165 patients revealed that, patients aged 41-60 years were most common, and female gender was twice as male. This study include both types of diabetes with vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia or vitamin D deficiency with no dyslipidemia or dyslipidemia with not vitamin D deficiency as control. Therefore, the result of this work confirmed that vitamin D deficiency significant implicated in elevated serum levels of TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, FPG and HbA1C (P< 0.05). However, vitamin D deficiency has linked to slight increased serum HDL levels. In compared to man, vitamin D deficiency linked significantly to dyslipidemia and abnormal high levels blood glucose and HbA1C par in women. Conclusion: The present study revealed that, vitamin D deficiency associated negatively with serum levels of TC, TG, VLDL, LDL, FPG and HbA1C whereas the deficiency of vitamin D linked to elevated HDL levels. In gender distribution lower vitamin D values associated with elevated serum FPG, HbA1C, lipid profile with exception HDL in women. The data of this study suggested that, diabetic patients with dyslipidemia may improve their lipid profile and glucose hemostasis through vitamin D supplementation

scholarly journals Evaluating Vitamin D Status in Pre- and Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetics and Its Association with Glucose Homeostasis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽  
Samuel Asamoah Sakyi ◽  
William K. B. A. Owiredu ◽  
Edwin Ferguson Laing ◽  
Eddie-Williams Owiredu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and menopause are associated with vitamin D status. Oestrogen decline during menopausal stages promotes hypovitaminosis D. However, the interplay between vitamin D, menopause, lifestyle, and T2DM cannot be overlooked. This study assessed vitamin D status among pre- and postmenopausal T2DM women and determined its association with glycemic control and influence of lifestyle habits on hypovitaminosis D.Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Structured questionnaires were administered to 192 T2DM women; blood samples were collected for estimation of 25(OH) D and insulin using ELISA. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and calcium were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using Graphpad Prism 6.Results. The prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy was 92.2%. Hypovitaminosis D was more prevalent among the postmenopausal T2DM women (63.8% versus 58.2%). Hypovitaminosis D significantly associated with insulin [R2=0.01760,p=0.0008], HbA1c [R2=0.3709,p=<0.0001], and FBG [R2=0.3465,p=0.0001] in only the postmenopausal women.Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in pre- and postmenopausal T2DM but higher among postmenopausal women. Adequate vitamin D levels in both groups were associated with improved glucose control while hypovitaminosis D in the postmenopausal women was related to poorer glucose control. Vitamin D screening should be incorporated into management plan for T2DM to serve as an early tool for prevention of vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Correlation of Vitamin D levels with feto-maternal outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Nidhi Chauhan ◽  
Nikita Pahuja ◽  
Vinita Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vitamin D deficiency in adult females may increase risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis. Various malpresentation, cephalo-pelvic disproportion and difficult deliveries increases the risk of caesarean section. It may also increase the risk of fetal hypovitaminosis D, neonatal rickets and tetany, lower respiratory tract infections, low birth weight, the largest cause of infant mortality in India. This study was under taken to study the impact of vitamin D deficiency on feto-maternal outcome.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Swami Ram Nagar, Dehradun, over a period of 12 months. Sample size was 100 pregnant females attending antenatal clinic.Results: Out of 100 subjects, pre-eclampsia was seen in 15, among which 5 (23.80%) had deficient, 9 (13.04%) had insufficient and 1 (10%) had sufficient vitamin D levels. Eclampsia was seen in 3 subjects, out of which 1 (4.76%) had deficient, 2 (2.89%) had insufficient vitamin D status. IUGR was seen in 8 subjects, out of which 4 (19.04%) had deficient vitamin D levels, 4 (5.79%) had insufficient vitamin D status. Neither of the two had sufficient vitamin D status. Deficient vitamin D status with birth weight ≤2.5 kg was seen in 9 (42.85%) subjects and 12 (57.14%) subjects with >2.5 kg Insufficient Vitamin D status was seen in 22 (31.88%) subjects with birth weight ≤2.5 kg and 48 (69.56%) with birth weight >2.5 kg.Conclusions: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was noted in this region and its association with pre-eclampsia (23.80%, 13.04% and 10% in deficient, insufficient and sufficient group respectively) was seen. Higher incidence of LSCS was also present among the deficient and the insufficient group.

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