scholarly journals Cat bonds market: Legal framework and perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Ranko Sovilj
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Capital ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
Catastrophe Bonds ◽  
Cat Bonds ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic

The paper analyses the legal aspects of the status of the catastrophe bonds market. Cat bonds are innovative instruments of securitization, which play a significant role in the financing of natural disasters. Some of the advantages of catastrophe bonds issue are the possibility of expanding risk transfer, reducing credit risk exposure and improving capital management. The aim of research is to point out the possible ways of efficient financing of catastrophic losses, such as the issue of catastrophe bonds. The paper will analyse the principal characteristics of cat bonds, as a significant instrument in connecting capital market with the insurance market. The author considered the current situation at the international and national level. Considering the tendencies in the international capital market, the author concluded that in the Republic of Serbia there is a legal gap and lack of harmonization of the existing legislation, which prevents the issue of catastrophe bonds.

scholarly journals Small Satellites: National Regulatory Challenges

Teisė ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 190-204
Author(s):  
Asta Tūbaitė-Stalauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
National Space ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Model Law ◽  
Space Activities ◽  
Debris Mitigation

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] This article analyses the regulation of space activities, especially small satellites activities. Its purpose is to analyse the relevant international legal framework and discuss the possible future national space legislation in Lithuania. It has been divided into two chapters. Chapter 1 summarises the relevant international space law and addresses essential aspects related to the authorisation of space activities, registration of objects launched into outer space, liability issues, insurance requirements and debris mitigation issues. Chapter 2 deals with reasons to adopt the national space legislation in Lithuania and discusses what legal aspects should be covered by the national law in order to guarantee balance between the regulation and promotion of small satellite activities. Finally, it includes the Model Law on the Promotion of National Space Activities and the Establishment of a National Space Registry of the Republic of Lithuania.

scholarly journals Agricultural Aid Allocations of Korea in Five sub-Saharan Countries: Aid Policy Implications for Agriculture-Rural Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
Hyejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Role Model ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic

Background: The Official Development Assistance, or ODA has been an invaluable source to assist developing countries in their economic and social development. Of the major ODA donors, the Republic of Korea (Korea) became a significant player in ODA and a role model. Providing its ODA, Korea designates the priority partner countries to which 70% of Korean bilateral ODA is allocated and formulates a country partnership strategy for each priority partner country. Objective: This study focuses on five sub-Saharan countries that were designated as Korea’s priority partner countries during the period of 2011-2020 and takes a detailed look at Korea’s ODA to their Agriculture and Rural Development (ARD) during the same period. With the five countries and ARD, this study intends to examine a hypothesis; the worse its food security and agricultural development was at a national level, the larger Korea’s ARD aid the country received. Methods: To test the hypothesis, data collected from World Bank, Global Hunger Index Reports and Korea ODA Statistics are sorted and analyzed. Then comparisons are made between Korea’s grant disbursements to ARD and the status of food security of the five African countries: Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Uganda. Results: Results from the data indicate that there seems little consistency between the status of agriculture and food security of the five African countries and the allocated amounts of Korean ARD grants. Conclusion: Therefore, selection criteria for ARD grant allocation should exist and policy suggestions are made for Korea to formulate more consistent and systemic strategies for ARD support in sub-Saharan countries.

scholarly journals Digital Archiving for Archaeology: the state of the art in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés D. Izeta ◽  
Roxana Cattáneo
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Research Infrastructures ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the state-of-the art of digital archives for archaeological research in Argentina. It also presents and characterises the national and international legal framework and the role played by funding agencies and professional bodies in archaeological practice. In addition, it reports how legal corpora regulate the impact on the management of archaeological digital data. Research infrastructures available at the national level are described, such as the Suquía, an institutional digital archive devoted to archaeology since 2016. Finally, we make a general evaluation of the status quo of research infrastructures mostly concerned with preserving and disseminating data from archaeological research at the national level.

scholarly journals The pharmaceutical reform in the Republic of Moldova during the period of independence

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
S. B. Adauji ◽  
M. D. Brumarel ◽  
L. V. Spinei ◽  
V. N. Safta
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
National Currency ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic

Over the last two decades, the Republic of Moldova has gone through a complex and controversial way of its development. Determining its vector of development based on the democratic values of Western culture the legal framework has been practically completely revised and created. The concept of reforming the pharmaceutical sector in the Republic of Moldova included: liberalization of prices and freedom from the planned system of economic management while creating the necessary mechanisms for the functioning of the market economy – creating the banking system, establishing the capital market, introducing the national currency, creating other institutions, as well as the huge process of creating a new legal framework.

Land Records Modernisation in India – II

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amlanjyoti Goswami ◽  
Deepika Jha ◽  
Dipankar Das ◽  
Kaye Lushington ◽  
Mukesh Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Indian Institute ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Policy Review ◽  
The Status ◽  
Indian Cities ◽  
Land Records

The first set of land volumes by Indian Institute for Human Settlements, published in 2017, studied the status of land records modernisation in four states of India, and included an institutional, legal and policy review at the national level. Continuing the approach, this second set of land volumes presents findings from five more states and union territories: Delhi, Maharashtra, Chandigarh, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh. This widening of the research base to include nine states and union territories enables the articulation of a more representative picture at the national scale. One of the important findings from IIHS’s initial studies was that property records in Indian cities are characterised by a lack of legacy records; lack of necessary financial resources; a complex institutional system without a single-custodian approach, and often, no enabling legal framework. This set of land volumes takes a more focused approach and looks primarily at the status of urban land and property records in India, and the associated complexities, while considering the larger status of land records administration in the state as a determinant. Based on primary and secondary research conducted by an IIHS team over 2017-2020 in five states of India, these volumes also show recent gains in the overall trajectory of land record modernisation in the country.

Аnalysis of Legal Regulation of Regional Technology Parks’ Activity: Tax Aspects

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Евлоева ◽  
Madina Evloeva
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Effective Operation ◽  
Technology Parks ◽  
Regulation Of Activity ◽  
Tax Benefits ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
High Technologies

The article analyzes legal regulation of activity of technoparks in sphere of high technologies on the basis of existing legislation for improvement of financial and economic activity of regional parks. Based on the analysis of the legal framework for technology parks and innovation it is offered to consider a number of normative and legal acts at regional and national level, providing relief and ensuring the effective operation of technoparks. Methods of tax risks in the industrial Park are used, the use of tax benefits as tax optimization is considered. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in the activity for established technoparks in sphere of high technologies (on the example of under construction technopark in the Republic of Ingushetia).

Manumission

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Mouritsen
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
State Functions

While manumission has been practised in almost all slave societies the Romans appear to have freed their slaves with unparalleled frequency. The chapter looks at three aspects of Roman manumission: the status of freedmen, the Augustan reforms of manumission and the legal discourse on freedmen under the Empire. It is suggested that the background for the Roman practice of enfranchising former slaves should be sought in the social and legal structures of early Rome, which delegated many “state” functions to the heads of households. The enfranchisement of freedmen was compatible with the political structures of the Republic, but in response to changes to the Roman citizenship the first emperor introduced a new legal framework, which remained until late Antiquity. The details of this framework were refined over the following centuries, as jurists explored a wide range of complex legal issues associated with manumission and the place of freedmen in society.

scholarly journals INCLUSIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN VIETNAM’S HIGHER EDUCATION – AN ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING POLICIES AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Nguyen Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Inclusive Learning ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vietnamese Population

Vietnam is one of the countries that have the highest numbers of persons with disabilities (PWDs). According to the 2009 Census there are approximately 6.1 million PWDs accounting for 7.8% of Vietnamese population. Research has shown that the number of PWDs who attend higher education in Vietnam is extremely low and only 0.1% of PWDs has completed a bachelor program at higher education level. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the status of PWDs in Vietnam as well as analyse the country’s legal framework and policies governing PWDs. To this end, the paper firstly presents facts and figures regarding PWDs in Vietnam. Secondly, the paper reviews Vietnam’s commitments to international policies and standards, and the legal framework and policies towards PWDs in general and students with disabilities (SWDs) in particular at the national level. Finally, it points out some issues and challenges for Vietnam in creating a more inclusive learning environment for PWDs and SWDs at higher education

Criminal Procedure Aspects of the International Cooperation of States in the Field of Combating Transnational Organized Crime

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Saida SEILKHANOVA ◽  
Aigerim SHEGEBAYEVA ◽  
Azina OTARBAYEVA ◽  
Yestay ABILEZOV
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic

The research dwells on criminal and legal aspects of international cooperation in the field of combating transnational organized crime. The issues of fighting against transnational organized crime affect all states without exception.Therefore the formation of national legislation in this area should consider the international experience in combating this phenomenon and utilize international legal acts that serve as the basis for creating not only specific norms but also a national policy to counteract transnational organized crime. This article aims at studying different forms of interaction between agencies carrying out criminal procedure activities on an international scale and developing recommendations in order to introduce the most effective methods of such interaction into the procedural practice and legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors of the article analyze the international legal framework, regulatory documents and law enforcement practice of a number of states (mainly the US, the EU, etc.). The authors conclude that criminal procedure aspects of the international legal framework for countering transnational organized crime in the context of the legislation of Kazakhstan require further development, improvement and comprehensive research. The study results obtained by the authors can serve as the basis for further scientific discussions and new surveys, as well as be used in the development of educational and practical manuals on the study of international cooperation both in criminal proceedings and in the fight against transnational organized crime.

scholarly journals The system of legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of protection of copyright and related rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 306-311
Author(s):  
Azer Safarov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
National Level ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Creative People ◽  
The Republic

Legislation protecting the rights of creative people plays an important role in protecting national heritage, cultural traditions andthe identity of the country. The creation of a strong, independent cultural industry depends on the existence of such laws. Constitutionaland legal aspects of copyright in the Republic of Azerbaijan Recognition was first enshrined in the Constitution of 12 November 1995.The Constitution directly guarantees the protection of copyright and specifies the scope of rights and intellectual property protected bylaw. One of the traditional functions of each state is extensive international cooperation, which creates conditions for ensuring that therights of national authors are not protected abroad and the rights of foreign authors at home at the national level. According to internationalnorms, the right of every person to participate in cultural life, to benefit from and apply the achievements of scientific progress,and to protect the spiritual and material interests resulting from his scientific, artistic and literary work is recognized. According to theLaw of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Copyright and Related Rights of 1996, the legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan on Copyrightand Related Rights consists of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Civil Code, this law, other relevant normative legalacts and international treaties. The Republic of Azerbaijan, which became a member of WIPO in 1995, has improved the system ofcopyright protection, created a regulatory framework, acceded to almost all international conventions and agreements on the protectionof intellectual property and harmonization of legislation with international standards, as well as with countries in the region. bilateralagreements have been concluded, and institutional control mechanisms have been established in the field of protection of intellectualproperty rights. The main goal here is to effectively protect the rights of authors of literary and artistic works in an equal and uniformmanner at the international level.

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