scholarly journals Telework: Legal regime before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-449
Author(s):  
Ilija Džamić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
And Control

With the onset of the industrial revolution in Europe performing work tasks by employees at the employer's premises became commonplace, both because of the needs of the process and organization of work and control of employees by the employer. Work from home, as a way of doing work outside the employer's premises, was almost abandoned. There was a slight increase in the number of workers teleworking at the end of the 20th century due to development of screen equipment, but a kind of revival of telework was experienced with the outbreak of the COVID-19. In such circumstances, telework is a way to preserve the source of income for workers. The paper analyses and critically discusses domestic and international standards of importance for the institute of telework, and the author presents proposals de lege ferenda to improve the mentioned area.

scholarly journals Strategy in the 20th Century: Explanations from History

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-234
Author(s):  
Leonardo Silveira Conke
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Strategic Theories ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second Period

In this essay, we argue that an historical perspective helps to understand some of the strategic choices made by organizations. More specifically, the purpose here is to describe the great influence of historical events (related to economy, politics, technological advancement etc.) on the creation, acceptance, spreading and / or establishment of the strategic theories and tools developed since the beginning of the 20th century. Texts that usually discuss management and history outline only the Industrial Revolution or the transition from feudalism to capitalism, underestimating other historical forces that offer additional explanations to the evolution of strategic thinking. As a result of an extensive bibliographical research, we were able to identify four periods where the strategic theories developed reveal suitable responses to the challenges created by the environment: in the first one (1900-1938), strategy is concerned with organization and control of business activities, resembling the ideas developed by Scientific Administration; in the second period (1939-1964), strategic planning is formalized and the area is broadly recognized; the next decades (1965-1989) are characterized by competition and uncertainty, making strategy focus on problems emerged from the outside; finally, on the turn of the century (1990-2010), the unlimited information availability enhances the need for strategists’ conceptual and practical knowledge. Also, as a final contribution, we suggest two possible trends to the future of strategy.

EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF TEACHING TECHNICAL MEANS AT CENTRAL KINDERGARTEN PEDAGOGY COLLEGE IN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vũ Xuân Hùng
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Creative Learning ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Technical Teaching

In the process of teaching, technical teaching facilities are both a content and a means of conveying information, they help the lecturer organize and control the students' cognitive activities, in addition, they also help students be interested in learning, practice practical skills from which to form active and creative learning methods. Teaching technology is one of the necessary conditions to help teachers carry out their related work of educating, teaching and bringing up, and intellectual development, arouse the inherent intelligence qualities of students. Currently, the management of technical teaching facilities at the Central Kindergartens College has been carried out on a regular basis and achieved certain results, but in fact, there are still many inadequacies. Finding a number of limitations in the management of teaching technical facilities, thereby proposing solutions to overcome those limitations, improve the efficiency of investment, preservation and use of teaching technical facilities in the trend of Industry Revolution 4.0, improving the quality of teaching at Central Kindergarten Pedagogy colleges in the current period is a very important and urgent task.

EAST INDIAN AND OTHER DOCKS IN LONDON: IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE, COLONIAL TRADE AND POSTCOLONIAL MEMORY

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-205
Author(s):  
S. E. Sidorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Postcolonial History ◽  
The City

The article concentrates on the colonial and postcolonial history, architecture and topography of the southeastern areas of London, where on both banks of the River Thames in the 18th–20th centuries there were located the docks, which became an architectural and engineering response to the rapidly developing trade of England with territories in the Western and Eastern hemispheres of the world. Constructions for various purposes — pools for loading, unloading and repairing ships, piers, shipyards, office and warehouse premises, sites equipped with forges, carpenter’s workshops, shops, canteens, hotels — have radically changed the bank line of the Thames and appearance of the British capital, which has acquired the status of the center of a huge empire. Docks, which by the beginning of the 20th century, occupied an area of 21 hectares, were the seamy side of an imperial-colonial enterprise, a space of hard and routine work that had a specific architectural representation. It was a necessary part of the city intended for the exchange of goods, where the usual ideas about the beauty gave way to considerations of safety, functionality and economy. Not distinguished by architectural grace, chaotically built up, dirty, smoky and fetid, the area was one of the most significant symbols of England during the industrial revolution and colonial rule. The visual image of this greatness was strikingly different from the architectural samples of previous eras, forcing contemporaries to get used to the new industrial aesthetics. Having disappeared in the second half of the 20th century from the city map, they continue to retain a special place in the mental landscape of the city and the historical memory of the townspeople, which is reflected in the chain of museums located in this area that tell the history of English navigation, England’s participation in geographical discoveries, the stages of conquering the world, creating an empire and ways to acquire the wealth of the nation.

Focusing on India’s Look East Policy: India–China relationship from 1947 to 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 223386592110183
Author(s):  
Kaushik Roy
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
International System ◽  
China Policy ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World

Before the onset of the industrial revolution, China and India were the two biggest powers in Eurasia. Their total population comprised almost half of the world’s population. And the GNP of premodern China was half of the combined GNP of the world. Before circa 1600 CE, most of the textiles and iron in the world were manufactured in these two countries. China and India suffered a temporary eclipse during the age of colonialism. However, with the rise of the economic and military power of China and India from the late 20th century, it seems that these two countries are bound to reclaim their traditional positions as big powers in the international system. However, there is a caveat. In the premodern era, the Himalayas prevented any intimate contact between the ‘dragon’ and the ‘elephant’. But, from the mid-20th century, advances in technology, economic competition and the annexation of Tibet by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) among other factors resulted in China and India coming into direct contact with each other. The result has been cooperation–competition–conflict. And this has had consequences not only for these two countries but for the whole world. The present article attempts to trace the troubled trajectory of India’s China policy from the late 1940s (when these two countries became independent) up to the present day.

scholarly journals Achieving the 4IR University Library in Sub-Saharan Africa: Trends, Opportunities and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Christopher Nkiko ◽  
Omorodion Okuonghae
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Library Management ◽  
University Library ◽  
Comprehensive Collection ◽  
Social Mediation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Returns On Investment

Aim: The paper examined the university library in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and the preconditions for achieving and sustaining the same in Nigeria. 4IR is characterized by a level of automation, deployment of emerging technologies and artificial intelligence, internet connectivity and accessibility to the global information network, subscription to reputable online databases, quality and comprehensive collection in diverse formats, preponderance of digital natives among patrons, increased demand for seamless access to online resources and virtual operations, new library spaces (learning commons, research commons and makerspace), open scholarly communication, research data management, social mediation applications, digital curation and preservation. The challenges militating against effective crystallization of 4IR university libraries include: financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, resistance to change, inadequate skills and competencies, security and intrusion issues, lack of exposure to international standards. Conclusions: The paper recommended the following as requisite panacea: leadership, demonstrating and justifying returns on investment, benchmarking practices, anti-intrusion and back-up systems, adequate power supply and bandwidth, endowment and corporate social responsibility, indigenous library management software, and capacity building initiatives.

scholarly journals Telework of a Company Employee: Issues of Organizing and Monitoring the Performance of Labor Duties

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (Special Issue 04) ◽  
pp. 1160-1169
Author(s):  
Darya Mikhailovna Kapustina ◽  
Sergey Anatolyevich Makushkin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Danilova ◽  
Tamara Ivanovna Alexandrova ◽  
Yuriy Mikhailovich Lagusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organization Of Work ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Company

Coronavirus pandemic and restrictive measures adopted by the authorities of many states have necessitated the massive transfer of employees of various organizations to remote forms of performing work duties. Such a transfer required a change in approaches to the organization of work and control over the performance of labor duties, which raised many questions and problematic points, both for employees and employers. The purpose of this study is to identify issues of an organizational and legal nature in the relationship between an employee and employer in connection with the forced massive transition to telework and the formation of proposals for resolving problematic aspects.

Recidivism Reduction Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probation And Parole ◽  
What Works ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Complex Statistical Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second Chance

Since 2009, more than 840 Second Chance Act grant awards have been made to government and nonprofit agencies, and taxpayers have paid nearly 700 million dollars in Second Chance grants. Additionally, $154 million has been spent on probation and parole supervision agencies and staff through the Justice Reinvestment Initiative. Yet, our probation and parole population continue growing! Given the amount of money taxpayers have invested in programs, it seems nothing works. In the 20th century, it was assumed that the use of randomized and control-group research designs and complex statistical analysis and state-of-the-art computer software would be sufficient to find what “works.” But, we have not yet found what “works.” This chapter asks two questions: 1) Is it the case that “nothing works”? or 2) Is it the case that our research methods can't measure what “works”?

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