North of England Shipowners and Their Business Connections in the Nineteenth Century

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme J. Milne
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Business Networks ◽  
The North ◽  
Business Connections ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Web

This essay focuses on business networks in the North of England in the nineteenth century, with particular attention paid to shipowning interests. Graeme J. Milne looks at both regional and national economies to understand the role of the shipowner, and explores the web of interconnect relationships between shipowners, merchants, and other economic figures. He determines the impact of shipowning business culture on wider commercial decision-making. He concludes by affirming that shipping in a historical context can be better understood by studying interconnections in related fields, rather than as an isolated industry.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE FOREIGN SECTOR ON THE LEVEL OF ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT OF THE BORDER NORTHERN REGIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4/2020) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
M. V. Moroshkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Location Factor ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Article Analysis ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
And Performance ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact

The northern and border regions are remote from the main economic centers of the country. Geographical location is not only a limitation, but also a competitive advantage, which is determined by proximity to economically developed national economies and greater opportunities for interaction. The main goal of the study is to assess the impact of the geographical factor on development dynamics. The object of the study is the border northern regions of the NWFD, Russia and Finland. The study uses a set of methods and tools to analyze the dynamics of the development of territories with a border and northern location. Within the framework of this article, analysis is carried out on the basis of statistical methods of research. Analytical work is based on the information base of Rosstat and data from Internet sources. As part of the study, the level of Russian-Finnish relations in the investment component vector is determined. An assessment of foreign investment in the context of federal districts was made, which made it possible to distinguish the influence of the geographical location factor. Indicators of labor productivity in the national and foreign sectors in the regions of the North-Western Federal District have been determined. The dependence of the productivity indicator on the geographical location of the territory was investigated.The conclusions of the Territory, having a geographical position favorable for foreign economic activity, are not able to fully take advantage of its competitive advantages. The study identified a low level of dependence between geographical location and performance. The results will help to shape the directions of increasing this indicator and can be used in strategic and program documents.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty of households

2021 ◽  
Vol 11/1 (-) ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
Olena POSHYVALOVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Information Basis

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused grave and severe losses in many of the economies across the globe. The impact and the duration of the economic crisis occurring due to the pandemic among certain households is difficult to anticipate since the indeterminacy is being defined through the duration of the crisis and costs for the recovery of the economy. The purpose of the paper is to study theoretical aspects related to the assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty of households. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study are modern theories, concepts, hypotheses. Comparative analysis is used. The methodological and information basis of the work are scientific works, materials of periodicals, information resources. Results. The paper incorporates a content analysis of studies focusing on the economic impact of the COVID-19 on the development of national economies. The majority of studies assess economic implications of the COVID-19 however they are concentrated on the macroeconomic and financial impact of the Corona Crisis. The impact on national economies is subsequently reduced to the microlevel, specifically the social and economic impact on individuals. Nonetheless, there is a need for a microanalysis which may better describe the interrelation between sectors and countries (the effect of macroeconomic aggregate indicators) and supplement the macroanalysis, providing more relevant evaluations of the impact of the distribution of income, outline the authorities of households, the role of people's savings, determine the resilience of households. The work establishes main assumptions and restrictions of formulating the model of impact of social and economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the poverty of households Conclusion. Taking into consideration the distribution of incomes for various sectors, the proposed model allows to ensure the assessment of losses in the consumption of households, savings depletion and time for their recovery. It has been proven that without the social protection of the population the Corona Crisis will lead to a massive economic shock for the national economy. Prospects of further studies lie in the assessment of the impact of indirect macro-level factors, role of indeterminacy in the decision-making of households and implications in case of numerous waves of social crisis as well as the possible effect in the condition of concurrent exogenous shocks.

The Grief and Bereavement Experiences of Informal Caregivers: A Scoping Review of the North American Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 082585972110522
Author(s):  
Neerjah Skantharajah ◽  
Carol Barrie ◽  
Sharon Baxter ◽  
M. Carolina Borja ◽  
Anica Butters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Grief And Bereavement ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care ◽  
The Impact

Background Informal caregivers are a significant part of the hospice and palliative care landscape as members of the interdisciplinary care team. Despite this, little is known about the impact this responsibility has on informal caregivers’ experiences of grief and bereavement. To address this, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to explore the current state of knowledge toward grief and bereavement of informal caregivers of adult/geriatric patients in the hospice and palliative/end-of-life care realm within North America. Methods Using Arksey and O’Malley's 5-step framework, key electronic health care and social sciences databases (eg, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO) alongside gray literature sources were searched and screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. A thematic content analysis was used to identify key themes. Results 29 articles met the final inclusion criteria with 3 central themes emerging: (1) mediators of grief, (2) grief experiences, and (3) types of grief. Discussion Informal caregivers encounter unique grief and bereavement experiences: The range of psychosocial outcomes, both negative and positive, can be affected by various mediators such as caregiver burden, demographics, disease type of the patient being cared for, etc. Bereavement interventions must be designed with the mediators of grief in mind. Conclusions Understanding the nuances of informal caregivers’ experiences with grief and bereavement will inform and advance practice, policy, and research. Practitioners/clinicians should be further educated on how to properly acknowledge the complexity of grief and bereavement for informal caregivers, specifically paying attention to mediators. Further research needs to consider the role of culture.

‘How I Managed’

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-155
Author(s):  
Tamara S. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
Infant Care ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Advice Literature ◽  
Authorial Persona ◽  
The Impact

The second chapter explores how nineteenth-century parenting publications shaped popular narratives of babyhood and baby care. A critical analysis of the power of the print media in producing as well as spreading rapidly commodified advice material allows us to reconsider the still persistent phenomenon of competing books on babies in its historical context. The expanding market of expert instructions reconfigured images of babyhood, codifying the baby as a source of anxiety that required clinical knowledge and intervention. Women writers of popular childrearing manuals such as Eliza Warren, the main rival of the bestselling Isabella Beeton, packaged infant care advice in narratives, at once trading on and endeavouring to reshape this market. A crucial link between putatively professional, systematically presented, parenting instructions and the interpolation of infant care advice in popular fiction, Warren’s full-scale childrearing manual in narrative form, How I Managed My Children from Infancy to Marriage (1865), provides a test case of the shifting focus on personal experience and new expert knowledge in the selling of parenting publications. Since the nineteenth-century market for these publications was informed by a general move to hands-on, practical advice, Warren’s strategies in creating her authorial persona to market a mother’s experience formed a symptomatic and influential component in the impact of advice literature both on perceptions of baby care and on the literary baby.

Understanding Societies in War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Escott
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Irregular Warfare ◽  
The South ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
The Impact

This chapter emphasizes the analysis of the wartime forces in both sections that affected unity or division. It raises questions about the roots of the large amount of internal violence or irregular warfare in the South. For the North, it probes the nature of nationalism and asks about that section’s social, political, and religious divisions. Factors affecting both the Republican and the Democratic Parties of the North deserve new attention, as do the role of women in both sections, ethnic groups in the North especially, and the impact of emancipation and racism.

‘The Sword of Avenging Justice’: Politics in Sutherland after the Third Reform Act

Rural History ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNIE TINDLEY
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Life ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThere has been much historical debate over the role of aristocratic landed families in local and national politics throughout the nineteenth century, and the impact of the First, Second and Third Reform Acts on that role. Additionally, the period from 1881 in the Scottish Highlands was one of acute political and ideological crisis, as the debate over the reform of the Land Laws took a violent turn, and Highland landowners were forced to address the demands of their small tenants. This article addresses these debates, taking as its case-study the ducal house of Sutherland. The Leveson-Gower family owned almost the whole county of Sutherland and until 1884 dominated political life in the region. This article examines the gradual breakdown of that political power, in line with a more general decline in financial and territorial influence, both in terms of the personal role of the Fourth and Fifth Dukes of Sutherland, and the broader impact of the estate management on the mechanics and expectations of politics in the county.

‘Stargazers at the world's end’: telescopes, observatories and ‘views’ of empire in the nineteenth-century British Empire

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN MCALEER
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Professional Networks ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Scientific Objects ◽  
St Helena ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article argues that the study of astronomical observing instruments, their transportation around the globe and the personal and professional networks created by such exchanges are useful conceptual tools in exploring the role of science in the nineteenth-century British Empire. The shipping of scientific instruments highlights the physical and material connections that bound the empire together. Large, heavy and fragile objects, such as transit circles, were difficult to transport and repair. As such, the logistical difficulties associated with their movement illustrate the limitations of colonial scientific enterprises and their reliance on European centres. The discussion also examines the impact of the circulation of such objects on observatories and astronomers working in southern Africa, India and St Helena by tracing the connections between these places and British scientific institutions, London-based instrument-makers, and staff at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich. It explores the ways in which astronomy generally, and the use of observing instruments in particular, relate to broader themes about the applications of science, the development of colonial identities, and the consolidation of empire in the first half of the nineteenth century. In considering these issues, the article illustrates the symbiotic relationship between science and empire in the period, demonstrating the overlap between political and strategic considerations and purely scientific endeavours. Almost paradoxically, as they trained their sights and their telescopes on the heavens, astronomers and observers helped to draw diverse regions of the earth beneath closer together. By tracing the movement of instruments and the arcs of patronage, cooperation and power that these trajectories inscribe, the role of science and scientific objects in forging global links and influencing the dynamics of the nineteenth-century British Empire is brought into greater focus.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on SMEs and the Role of Digitalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Ileana Hamburg
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Skill Gaps ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact

Small and medium sized companies (SMEs) should be drivers for national economies, also providing opportunities for socio-economic participation and mobility. But SMEs, more than bigger companies, have experienced difficulties during Covid-19 due to less customer demand for goods and services, limited resources and problems with digitalization. All these facts require rapid change in SME strategies. Based on literature research and on work with SMEs undertaken by the author during European projects, the goal of this communication paper is to illustrate some difficulties experienced by SMEs due to COVID-19 and problems they have with digitalization and skill gaps, as well as measures which could help them. First, the impact of Covid-19 on SMEs and the role of digitalization in their recovery and further developments are presented. Second, certain structures required within SMEs and necessary skills and competences are described in this context. Proposals are then made for reskilling processes within workplace learning and other learning approaches to improve the skills and competences necessary for SME recovery processes. Lifelong learning (LLL) plays an important role in addressing the skills gap between what students have traditionally learned in formal education and the needs of employers and the labor market. LLL should be more connected with other forms of training/learning, digitally supported, interdisciplinary and practically oriented in order to contribute towards achieving the new skills and competences necessary during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and to promote digitalization as a driver to success. The paper also presents examples of the work of the Study Group Lifelong Learning of the IAT, coordinated by the author, and conclusions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of COVID-19 in Children Affected by Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma: Results From the Second “SIAIP Rhinosinusitis and Conjunctivitis Committee” Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Brindisi ◽  
Anna Maria Zicari ◽  
Giuseppe Fabio Parisi ◽  
Lucia Diaferio ◽  
Cristina Indolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Abstract BackgroundThe role of allergic sensitization seems to be protective against SARS CoV2 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using online surveys, the impact of COVID-19 on Italian allergic children, comparing the prevalence of AR and asthma symptoms between the first and second pandemic wave.MethodsBoth surveys were emailed to Italian pediatricians in April 2020 (first survey) and in March 2021 (second survey). The first one was related to the impact of COVID-19 and the most frequently reported symptoms. The second one was superimposed on the previous one, taking into account some additional aspects in the management of disease.ResultsA total of 99 pediatricians participated in the first survey and 267 in the second one. The first survey showed that, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence was mostly between 0-20% throughout the country. The second survey showed a lower prevalence of both diseases nationwide in comparison to the first one. Comparing the two surveys, statistically significant differences were reported only in the distribution of asthma prevalence in Southern Italy while no differences were highlighted in the North and in the Center. Finally regarding allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence, no differences were noticed nationwide.ConclusionsAllergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, if under control, did not represent risk factors for the susceptibility to SARS CoV2. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to continue therapies during COVID-19 outbreak, according to the international guidelines. However, being COVID-19 a new disease, actual knowledge will undergo continuous improvements over time.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation, Government Subsidies, and Green Technology Innovation—A Provincial Panel Data Analysis from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11991
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Cong Dong ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
Shucheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
New Era ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Economic development in the “new era” will require green innovation. To encourage the growth of green technology innovation, it has become fashionable to strengthen environmental regulation. However, the impact of environmental regulation on green technology innovation, as well as the role of government subsidies, needs to be examined. Utilizing fixed-effect models and 2SLS models to explore the impact of environmental regulation on green technology innovation in China from 2003 to 2017, this research sought to examine whether environmental regulations impact green technology innovation, as well as the role of government subsidies in the above-mentioned influence path. The findings support the Porter Hypothesis by demonstrating an inverted “U” relationship between environmental regulation and green technology innovation. The impact of environmental regulation on green technology innovation varies by region. To be specific, there is an inverted “U” relationship between environmental regulation and green technology innovation in China’s central and central coast regions. In comparison, the north area, southern coast, and southwest region exhibit a “U” relationship between the two. The relationship is not significant in the Beijing-Tianjin region. Additionally, government subsidies act as an intermediate in this process, positively influencing firms to pursue green technology innovation during the earliest stages of environmental regulation strengthening. However, government subsidies above a certain level are unproductive and should be used appropriately and phased off in due course.

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