The Grief and Bereavement Experiences of Informal Caregivers: A Scoping Review of the North American Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 082585972110522
Author(s):  
Neerjah Skantharajah ◽  
Carol Barrie ◽  
Sharon Baxter ◽  
M. Carolina Borja ◽  
Anica Butters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Grief And Bereavement ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care ◽  
The Impact

Background Informal caregivers are a significant part of the hospice and palliative care landscape as members of the interdisciplinary care team. Despite this, little is known about the impact this responsibility has on informal caregivers’ experiences of grief and bereavement. To address this, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to explore the current state of knowledge toward grief and bereavement of informal caregivers of adult/geriatric patients in the hospice and palliative/end-of-life care realm within North America. Methods Using Arksey and O’Malley's 5-step framework, key electronic health care and social sciences databases (eg, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO) alongside gray literature sources were searched and screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. A thematic content analysis was used to identify key themes. Results 29 articles met the final inclusion criteria with 3 central themes emerging: (1) mediators of grief, (2) grief experiences, and (3) types of grief. Discussion Informal caregivers encounter unique grief and bereavement experiences: The range of psychosocial outcomes, both negative and positive, can be affected by various mediators such as caregiver burden, demographics, disease type of the patient being cared for, etc. Bereavement interventions must be designed with the mediators of grief in mind. Conclusions Understanding the nuances of informal caregivers’ experiences with grief and bereavement will inform and advance practice, policy, and research. Practitioners/clinicians should be further educated on how to properly acknowledge the complexity of grief and bereavement for informal caregivers, specifically paying attention to mediators. Further research needs to consider the role of culture.

Real-time video telemedicine applications in the emergency department: a scoping review of literature

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle K. Kelton ◽  
Adam Szulewski ◽  
Daniel Howes
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
The World ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Widespread Interest

AbstractObjectivesTo collect and synthesize the literature describing the use of real-time video-based technologies to provide support in the care of patients presenting to emergency departments.Data SourceSix electronic databases were searched, including Medline, CINAHL, Embase, the Cochrane Database, DARE, and PubMed for all publications since the earliest date available in each database to February 2016.Study SelectionSelected articles were full text articles addressing the use of telemedicine to support patient care in pre-hospital or emergency department settings. The search yielded 2976 articles for review with 11 studies eligible for inclusion after application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A scoping review of the selected articles was performed to better understand the different systems in place around the world and the current state of evidence supporting telemedicine use in the emergency department.ConclusionsTelemedicine support for emergency department physicians is an application with significant potential but is still lacking evidence supporting improved patient outcomes. Advances in technology, combined with more attractive price-points have resulted in widespread interest and implementation around the world. Applications of this technology that are currently being studied include support for minor treatment centres, patient transfer decision-making, management of acutely ill patients and scheduled teleconsultations.

Understanding Societies in War

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Escott
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Irregular Warfare ◽  
The South ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The North ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
The Impact

This chapter emphasizes the analysis of the wartime forces in both sections that affected unity or division. It raises questions about the roots of the large amount of internal violence or irregular warfare in the South. For the North, it probes the nature of nationalism and asks about that section’s social, political, and religious divisions. Factors affecting both the Republican and the Democratic Parties of the North deserve new attention, as do the role of women in both sections, ethnic groups in the North especially, and the impact of emancipation and racism.

Last Rights? Funerals, Poverty and Social Exclusion

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK DRAKEFORD
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Welfare State

This article considers the current state of help with funeral expenses in Britain. It argues that assistance has been progressively and deliberately eroded to the point where the famous ‘from the cradle to the grave’ protection of the welfare state has been removed from increasing numbers of poor people. The article sets these developments within the context of the contemporary British funeral industry, with emphasis upon its treatment of less-well-off consumers. The changing nature of social security provision for funeral expenses is traced in detail, including the actions of the incoming 1997 Labour government. This article investigates the public health role of local authorities in the case of burials, concluding that such services are insufficiently robust to meet the new weight placed upon them. The article ends with a consideration of the impact which these different changes produce in the lives of individuals upon whom they have an effect.

scholarly journals Role of Increased Exercise Therapy Time in Stroke Rehabilitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Raja Muhammad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Asadullah Siddiqui ◽  
Qaiser Jamal Mail
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Prevention Studies ◽  
Normal Duration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

Introduction: Stroke, is an important and well known cause of disability and physical impairment among adults all-over the world. The most commonly accepted treatment to rehabilitate patients with stroke is physiotherapy. The present review is an attempt to explain the impact of increased exercise therapy time (physical or occupational), compared to the normal duration of therapies in patients with stroke.Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases including Medline, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane to review published literaturein this area. Electronic searches have shown limited studies, which investigates the effects or no effects of increased duration of physiotherapy in patients following an attack of stroke. Articles, which reported on healthy participants i.e. people without stroke, were excluded. Also excluded were primary prevention studies, economic evaluations, and simple case reports.Results: A total of 175articles were identified using the keywords in the above mentioned databases. However, following the designedinclusion and exclusion criteria for this review only 11articles were included in this review.Conclusion: The result of this review supports the substantiate effectiveness of increased duration of exercise therapy among patients with stroke, as it has a favourable effect on activities of daily living. However, further research is needed in this area due to limited availability of high quality published evidence.J MEDICINE July 2015; 16 (2) : 105-111

scholarly journals Staff perceptions on the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Tunks Leach ◽  
Joanne Lewis ◽  
Tracy Levett-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
First Responder ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Background Chaplains in first responder and military services support staff prior to, during and after critical incidents. Some studies have explored the role of chaplains in these settings predominantly in the military and from chaplains’ perspectives. However, few studies have explored the perspective of staff. This scoping review aims to map the literature on staff perceptions of the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings.   Method A scoping review using the Arksey & O’Malley (2003) and Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology was conducted. English language peer-reviewed and grey literature in CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO, ProQuest and Google Scholar from 2004-2019 was reviewed for inclusion. Records were included if they provided staff perspectives on the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings. The initial search identified 491 records after removal of duplicates. All titles and abstracts were then screened for relevance to the research question and 84 were selected for full-text review. Seven records were included in final review; five dissertations and two peer-reviewed articles. Five of these were from the military and two from the police. Data were extracted and thematically analysed to identify staff perceptions of the role, skills and attributes, and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings.   Results Staff understood the role of chaplain to include the provision of spiritual and pastoral care and guidance and, in the case of police, providing scene support. Staff from all of the services identified requisite skills and attributes for chaplains such as being available, approachable and engaged; counselling; maintaining confidentiality and trust; being organisationally aware; and possessing distinct personality traits and knowledge of specialty content areas. The value chaplains brought to their services emerged from chaplains being trusted as a result of being proactively available for staff, families and bystanders for formal and informal conversation; organisational belonging and awareness resulting in enhanced staff satisfaction and retention; and promoting staff physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing.   Conclusions Although military and police staff identified spiritual, psychological and social benefits to chaplains maintaining an active and visible role in their services, the small number of papers identified make generalisation of these findings to other first responder services problematic. Further research is therefore required to understand the impact of the chaplain’s role as part of the care team in first responder services.

scholarly journals Positions and prospects of Russian shipbuilding in the world market of naval equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 08007
Author(s):  
Victor Dengov ◽  
Irina Tulyakova ◽  
Elena Gregova
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
World Market ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact

Research background: The products of the arms and military equipment market create the material basis for the country’s military security. The most important segment of this market is the market of naval equipment. The acquired competencies have naturally led Russia to the role of the most important exporter in this market. The authors have repeatedly addressed the topic of Russian shipbuilding and the role of Russia in the world market of naval equipment and military ships. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the research is to analyze the current state of the market of naval equipment, the positions of its main participants and, especially, Russia. To determine the future prospects of Russia’s presence in this market, it was necessary to identify the main problems of Russian shipbuilding and consider the impact of external factors on the state of the industry. Methods: Generalizations of the research are based on processing and systematization of data obtained from available information sources. Analyzing the statistics, the authors were able to deduce the trends of the current moment and determine the prospects. Findings & Value added: The analysis of key market indicators, as well as the problems of Russian shipbuilding, allowed the authors to build possible scenarios for its future development, from optimistic under favorable external factors to pessimistic, in which the loss of not only military security, but also the position of the largest exporter in the world market of naval equipment and military ships is inevitable.

scholarly journals Role of Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Scoping Review

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1465
Author(s):  
Kamila Majidova ◽  
Julia Handfield ◽  
Kamran Kafi ◽  
Ryan D. Martin ◽  
Ryszard Kubinski
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Medication Management ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Impact

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), subdivided into Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic diseases that are characterized by relapsing and remitting periods of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, the amount of research surrounding digital health (DH) and artificial intelligence (AI) has increased. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore this growing field of research to summarize the role of DH and AI in the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and prognosis of IBD. A review of 21 articles revealed the impact of both AI algorithms and DH technologies; AI algorithms can improve diagnostic accuracy, assess disease activity, and predict treatment response based on data modalities such as endoscopic imaging and genetic data. In terms of DH, patients utilizing DH platforms experienced improvements in quality of life, disease literacy, treatment adherence, and medication management. In addition, DH methods can reduce the need for in-person appointments, decreasing the use of healthcare resources without compromising the standard of care. These articles demonstrate preliminary evidence of the potential of DH and AI for improving the management of IBD. However, the majority of these studies were performed in a regulated clinical environment. Therefore, further validation of these results in a real-world environment is required to assess the efficacy of these methods in the general IBD population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of COVID-19 in Children Affected by Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma: Results From the Second “SIAIP Rhinosinusitis and Conjunctivitis Committee” Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Brindisi ◽  
Anna Maria Zicari ◽  
Giuseppe Fabio Parisi ◽  
Lucia Diaferio ◽  
Cristina Indolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Actual Knowledge ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pandemic Wave

Abstract BackgroundThe role of allergic sensitization seems to be protective against SARS CoV2 infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using online surveys, the impact of COVID-19 on Italian allergic children, comparing the prevalence of AR and asthma symptoms between the first and second pandemic wave.MethodsBoth surveys were emailed to Italian pediatricians in April 2020 (first survey) and in March 2021 (second survey). The first one was related to the impact of COVID-19 and the most frequently reported symptoms. The second one was superimposed on the previous one, taking into account some additional aspects in the management of disease.ResultsA total of 99 pediatricians participated in the first survey and 267 in the second one. The first survey showed that, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence was mostly between 0-20% throughout the country. The second survey showed a lower prevalence of both diseases nationwide in comparison to the first one. Comparing the two surveys, statistically significant differences were reported only in the distribution of asthma prevalence in Southern Italy while no differences were highlighted in the North and in the Center. Finally regarding allergic rhinoconjunctivitis prevalence, no differences were noticed nationwide.ConclusionsAllergic rhinoconjunctivitis and asthma, if under control, did not represent risk factors for the susceptibility to SARS CoV2. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to continue therapies during COVID-19 outbreak, according to the international guidelines. However, being COVID-19 a new disease, actual knowledge will undergo continuous improvements over time.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation, Government Subsidies, and Green Technology Innovation—A Provincial Panel Data Analysis from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11991
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Cong Dong ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
Shucheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
New Era ◽  
Government Subsidies ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Economic development in the “new era” will require green innovation. To encourage the growth of green technology innovation, it has become fashionable to strengthen environmental regulation. However, the impact of environmental regulation on green technology innovation, as well as the role of government subsidies, needs to be examined. Utilizing fixed-effect models and 2SLS models to explore the impact of environmental regulation on green technology innovation in China from 2003 to 2017, this research sought to examine whether environmental regulations impact green technology innovation, as well as the role of government subsidies in the above-mentioned influence path. The findings support the Porter Hypothesis by demonstrating an inverted “U” relationship between environmental regulation and green technology innovation. The impact of environmental regulation on green technology innovation varies by region. To be specific, there is an inverted “U” relationship between environmental regulation and green technology innovation in China’s central and central coast regions. In comparison, the north area, southern coast, and southwest region exhibit a “U” relationship between the two. The relationship is not significant in the Beijing-Tianjin region. Additionally, government subsidies act as an intermediate in this process, positively influencing firms to pursue green technology innovation during the earliest stages of environmental regulation strengthening. However, government subsidies above a certain level are unproductive and should be used appropriately and phased off in due course.

scholarly journals The role of career shocks in contemporary career development: key challenges and ways forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466
Author(s):  
Jos Akkermans ◽  
Ricardo Rodrigues ◽  
Stefan T. Mol ◽  
Scott E. Seibert ◽  
Svetlana N. Khapova
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Current State ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis article aims to introduce the special issue entitled “the role of career shocks in contemporary career development,” synthesize key contributions and formulate a future research agenda.Design/methodology/approachThe authors provide an introduction of the current state-of-the-art in career shocks research, offer an overview of the key lessons learned from the special issue and present several important avenues for future research.FindingsThe authors discuss how the special issue articles contribute to a better understanding of career shocks' role in contemporary career development, focusing on (1) conceptual clarity of the notion of career shocks, (2) career outcomes of career shocks, (3) mechanisms that can explain the impact of career shocks and (4) interdisciplinary connectivity.Originality/valueThis article offers a synthesis of the critical contributions made within this special issue, thereby formulating key ways to bring the field of career shocks research forward. It also provides new avenues for research.

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