The 1970s Crisis in the Taiwanese Fishing Industry

2009 ◽  
pp. 167-186
Author(s):  
Henry T. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Distant Water Fishing ◽  
Trawl Fisheries

This final chapter explores the crisis in the Taiwanese fishing industry that occurred in the 1970s due to the simultaneous manifestation of several major operations problems, some of which were inevitable. Factors included labour shortages; the 1973 energy crisis; Taiwanese diplomatic isolation; business oversights; depletion of fish stock; and financially fragile fishing companies. The chapter concludes by examining this impact of the implementation of the 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) on distant-water fishing in the late 1970s, claiming the environmental conservation efforts of EEZs worked tremendously well but effectively banned Taiwanese trawlers from exploiting fish stocks - the beginning of the end for Kaohsiung trawl fisheries.

The Global Fish Market: Internationalization and Globalization, 1880-1997

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul Holm
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Western Nations ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Way

This chapter attempts to determine how globalisation and internationalisation affected the fishing industry, and which members of the global market profited and which suffered due to these developments. The author considers the long-term trends in production and markets; trawling and transport revolutions; worldwide exploitation of fish stocks; territorialisation; and Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), and the way these factors affected Eastern and Western nations differently.

scholarly journals Why Climate Change and State Subsidies Will Collide to Create Fishery Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Jonathan Kelman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Seafood Products ◽  
State Subsidies ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Distant Water Fishing

Climate change, combined with rising global demand for seafood products, will lead to greater conflict over remaining fisheries. Warming and acidifying oceans are shifting the availability of oxygen and nutrients that are necessary to maintain fish stocks. These changes are likely to increase conflict, both interstate and intrastate, in several important ways. For one, the fish stocks that are already under stress from demand for seafood protein are also shifting location. Most significantly, scarcity will likely draw in greater state involvement in fisheries. As traditional fleets exhaust their territorial waters, domestic political pressure will lead to greater state investment in distant water fishing (DWF) fleets to access fish stocks on the high seas and in the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of other states. DWF fleets are destabilizing because they can easily access fishing zones with low levels of enforcement. Their industrial scale and low level of transparency means that they are also more likely to engage in Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing activities. States are also more likely to intervene militarily to protect their state-support DWF fleets.

scholarly journals Ocean sentinel albatrosses locate illegal vessels and provide the first estimate of the extent of nondeclared fishing

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 3006-3014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Weimerskirch ◽  
Julien Collet ◽  
Alexandre Corbeau ◽  
Adrien Pajot ◽  
Floran Hoarau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Assessment Plans ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Economic Zones

With threats to nature becoming increasingly prominent, in order for biodiversity levels to persist, there is a critical need to improve implementation of conservation measures. In the oceans, the surveillance of fisheries is complex and inadequate, such that quantifying and locating nondeclared and illegal fisheries is persistently problematic. Given that these activities dramatically impact oceanic ecosystems, through overexploitation of fish stocks and bycatch of threatened species, innovative ways to monitor the oceans are urgently required. Here, we describe a concept of “Ocean Sentinel” using animals equipped with state-of-the-art loggers which monitor fisheries in remote areas. Albatrosses fitted with loggers detecting and locating the presence of vessels and transmitting the information immediately to authorities allowed an estimation of the proportion of nondeclared fishing vessels operating in national and international waters of the Southern Ocean. We found that in international waters, more than one-third of vessels had no Automatic Identification System operating; in national Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), this proportion was lower on average, but variable according to EEZ. Ocean Sentinel was also able to provide unpreceded information on the attraction of seabirds to vessels, giving access to crucial information for risk-assessment plans of threatened species. Attraction differed between species, age, and vessel activity. Fishing vessels attracted more birds than other vessels, and juveniles both encountered fewer vessels and showed a lower attraction to vessels than adults. This study shows that the development of technologies offers the potential of implementing conservation policies by using wide-ranging seabirds to patrol oceans.

Antarctic fisheries

Polar Record ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (120) ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inigo Everson
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fishery Resources ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Distant Water Fishing ◽  
Underlying Trend

During recent years there has been a steady increase in the total world fish catch (including shellfish) to a plateau, reached in the early 1970's, of around 70 million tonnes. Although much of the increase in the past decade has been due to the Anchoveta fishery, if that component is excluded the underlying trend is still upward (Gulland, 1976). This increasing pressure on the established fishery resources has meant that in recent years there has been a tendency for those nations with a distant water fishing capability to look further afield. Although much of this exploratory fishing has been in areas reasonably close to good harbour facilities, the recent trend by coastal states of establishing 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zones has meant that the Southern Ocean, an area of limited international control, has receiveda great deal of attention.

The Federated States Of Micronesia Arrangement for Regional Fisheries Access

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-80
Author(s):  
Transform Aqorau ◽  
Anthony Bergin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Federated States Of Micronesia ◽  
Island States ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Small Island States ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Distant Water Fishing

AbstractThe small island states of the South Pacific have been developing innovative legal and administrative mechanisms to manage the vast tuna resource in the exclusive economic zones. These are aimed primarily at controlling and regulating the activities of foreign fishing vessels which account for 90 per cent of the tuna catch taken in the region. The short-term objective of these island states is to control the activities of these foreign fishing vessels. Their long-term goal, however, is to develop their own domestic tuna industries. In 1995, the Federated States of Micronesia Arrangement for Regional Fisheries Access entered into force. This Arrangement establishes a framework for vessels that bring quantifiable economic benefits to be given preferential access to the parties' EEZs. This article reviews the Arrangement and argues that it has the potential to form the basis of a new co-operative relationship between the island states and distant water fishing nations.

scholarly journals Fishery Depletion and the South China Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaymes MacKinnon
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
The Relationship

Fishery depletion is a driving force in the militarization of the South China Sea. Using Garrett Hardin’s theory “the tragedy of the commons” as an analytical lens, this paper explores the relationship between the lack of legitimate territory designations and the illegal overexploitation of wild fish stocks. It argues that China, as the regional hegemon, has triggered conflicts by pursuing an agenda of maritime territorial expansionism. Some Southeast Asian countries, affected by these resource-driven incursions, defend their exclusive economic zones through military buildup. Therefore, the rising violence and decreasing availability of fish force some non-commercial fishermen to pursue piracy as an alternate form of income. The findings of this paper suggest that increased militarism of the South China Sea has not only predominantly affected the lives of non-commercial fishermen but also negatively impacted the regional environmental health. In the future, without multilateral resource management, this militarization will only worsen.

scholarly journals Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing Control in the Exclusive Economic Zone: a Brief Appraisal of Regulatory Deficits and Accountability Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (75) ◽  
pp. 39-68
Author(s):  
Mercedes Rosello
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Coastal State ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
State Accountability ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Economic Zones ◽  
Unregulated Fishing

Abstract The conservation of fish stocks in the world’s exclusive economic zones (EEZs), which collectively harbour the vast majority of marine-living resources, is the primary responsibility of coastal States. As the effects of failures by coastal States to protect those stocks from the impacts of illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing may extend beyond domestic boundaries, this paper questions whether and how coastal States may be made accountable in respect of their regulatory deficits. With the proliferation of non-legal conduct rules to guide the regulatory role of States and their agencies, non-judicial mechanisms have the potential to foster coastal State stewardship of domestic fisheries. Outlining a number of international, transnational and domestic approaches, this paper gives consideration to the opportunities and limitations they present in order to strengthen coastal State accountability for IUU fishing control deficits.

scholarly journals Tracking the global reduction of marine traffic during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David March ◽  
Kristian Metcalfe ◽  
Joaquin Tintoré ◽  
Brendan J. Godley
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Western Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Exclusive Economic Zones ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Economic Zones

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled global impacts on human mobility. In the ocean, ship-based activities are thought to have been impacted due to severe restrictions on human movements and changes in consumption. Here, we quantify and map global change in marine traffic during the first half of 2020. There were decreases in 70.2% of Exclusive Economic Zones but changes varied spatially and temporally in alignment with confinement measures. Global declines peaked in April, with a reduction in traffic occupancy of 1.4% and decreases found across 54.8% of the sampling units. Passenger vessels presented more marked and longer lasting decreases. A regional assessment in the Western Mediterranean Sea gave further insights regarding the pace of recovery and long-term changes. Our approach provides guidance for large-scale monitoring of the progress and potential effects of COVID-19 on vessel traffic that may subsequently influence the blue economy and ocean health.

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