Arithmetic is fun

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 256-258
Author(s):  
Lois Rapp

Tho second-grade children were sitting on the edge of their chairs, hands Hying in the air, excitement on every face. They were giving names for 5. By now, the names they suggested nearly filled the chalkboard. Earlier in the year they had learned that a. number is an idea in their heads and that a numeral is the symbol which we usc to communicate this idea. Today's unusual excitement was the result of the new approach I was using to present this mathematical concept to the children in my room.

Author(s):  
Anna Varnayeva

Coordinative constructions are traditionally opposed to subordinative constructions. However, this opposition comes down to denial of dependence in coordinative constructions. Thereby the parity of these two constructions does not come to light: subordinative construction can be described without coordinative one. This situation is not improved by detection of a coordinative triangle in all coordinative constructions. The article shows a new approach in the study of coordinative constructions: a coordinative construction is a system; there are not only specific relations – a coordinative triangle, – but also specific elements. Novelty of the study consists in the address to extralinguistic facts, viz. a mathematical concept of a set and its elements. There are a lot of similarities between them. A set in mathematics includes generalizing elements and the composed row in coordinative constructions; in the first case the set is not partitioned, in the second case it is partitioned. In mathematics equivalent components in coordinative constructions correspond to the set elements. A characteristic property in mathematics is homogeneity in coordinative constructions and etc. It is firstly demonstrated, that coordinative and subordinative constructions are correlative and the study of one construction is impossible without the study of the other one. Their parity is shown in coordinative constructions with elements of one set, in subordinative ones with elements of different sets. Cf.: roses and tulips –red roses. In the coordinatiму construction elements of one set are called: «flowers »; in the subordinative construction there are elements of different sets: «flowers » and «colors». It should be noted that the mathematical concept of a set relates to so called logical aspect in linguistics or thinking about reality.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 500-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Orona ◽  
Vinson Carter ◽  
Heather Kindall

This article applies STEM in a second-grade classroom by connecting literature and focusing on the mathematical concept of standard units of measure. Contributors to the iSTEM (Integrating Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) department share ideas and activities that stimulate student interest in the integrated fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in K–grade 6 classrooms.


2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Fischer ◽  
Emmanuel Sander ◽  
Gérard Sensevy ◽  
Bruno Vilette ◽  
Jean-François Richard

Author(s):  
Indah Cahyani

<em>This article is intended to understand the mathematical concept of the two-dimentional figure data for the second grade students of elementary schools of Kalisari for the year of Caliology in 2020/2021. This study uses two cycles. Each cycle begins with planning, execution, observation, and reflection. The results of the study in first cycle showed 62% complete education and in second cycle an increase of first cycle, 81% students has complete among 21 education participants in the second cycle. The results showed that the PowerPoint media improved the understanding of the concept of students in Elementary School of Kalisari second grade level intangible architectural mathematical ability</em>


1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
K. Sárneczky ◽  
L.L. Kiss

AbstractA widely used tool in studying quasi-monoperiodic processes is the O–C diagram. This paper deals with the application of this diagram in minor planet studies. The main difference between our approach and the classical O–C diagram is that we transform the epoch (=time) dependence into the geocentric longitude domain. We outline a rotation modelling using this modified O–C and illustrate the abilities with detailed error analysis. The primary assumption, that the monotonity and the shape of this diagram is (almost) independent of the geometry of the asteroids is discussed and tested. The monotonity enables an unambiguous distinction between the prograde and retrograde rotation, thus the four-fold (or in some cases the two-fold) ambiguities can be avoided. This turned out to be the main advantage of the O–C examination. As an extension to the theoretical work, we present some preliminary results on 1727 Mette based on new CCD observations.


Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.


Author(s):  
K. Chien ◽  
R. Van de Velde ◽  
I.P. Shintaku ◽  
A.F. Sassoon

Immunoelectron microscopy of neoplastic lymphoma cells is valuable for precise localization of surface antigens and identification of cell types. We have developed a new approach in which the immunohistochemical staining can be evaluated prior to embedding for EM and desired area subsequently selected for ultrathin sectioning.A freshly prepared lymphoma cell suspension is spun onto polylysine hydrobromide- coated glass slides by cytocentrifugation and immediately fixed without air drying in polylysine paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative. After rinsing in PBS, slides are stained by a 3-step immunoperoxidase method. Cell monolayer is then fixed in buffered 3% glutaraldehyde prior to DAB reaction. After the DAB reaction step, wet monolayers can be examined under LM for presence of brown reaction product and selected monolayers then processed by routine methods for EM and embedded with the Chien Re-embedding Mold. After the polymerization, the epoxy blocks are easily separated from the glass slides by heatingon a 100°C hot plate for 20 seconds.


Author(s):  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
N. Kohyama ◽  
B. Little ◽  
P. Wagner ◽  
M. Meshii

The corrosion of copper and copper alloys in a marine environment is of great concern because of their widespread use in heat exchangers and steam condensers in which natural seawater is the coolant. It has become increasingly evident that microorganisms play an important role in the corrosion of a number of metals and alloys under a variety of environments. For the past 15 years the use of SEM has proven to be useful in studying biofilms and spatial relationships between bacteria and localized corrosion of metals. Little information, however, has been obtained using TEM capitalizing on its higher spacial resolution and the transmission observation of interfaces. The research presented herein is the first step of this new approach in studying the corrosion with biological influence in pure copper.Commercially produced copper (Cu, 99%) foils of approximately 120 μm thick exposed to a copper-tolerant marine bacterium, Oceanospirillum, and an abiotic culture medium were subsampled (1 cm × 1 cm) for this study along with unexposed control samples.


Author(s):  
Arthur V. Jones

With the introduction of field-emission sources and “immersion-type” objective lenses, the resolution obtainable with modern scanning electron microscopes is approaching that obtainable in STEM and TEM-but only with specific types of specimens. Bulk specimens still suffer from the restrictions imposed by internal scattering and the need to be conducting. Advances in coating techniques have largely overcome these problems but for a sizeable body of specimens, the restrictions imposed by coating are unacceptable.For such specimens, low voltage operation, with its low beam penetration and freedom from charging artifacts, is the method of choice.Unfortunately the technical dificulties in producing an electron beam sufficiently small and of sufficient intensity are considerably greater at low beam energies — so much so that a radical reevaluation of convential design concepts is needed.The probe diameter is usually given by


1968 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
JI Mock ◽  
JW Grenfell ◽  
WA Richter
Keyword(s):  

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