The Offshore Supply Vessel as a Naval Auxiliary

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
Salvadore J. Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Class

In the late 1960's the expanded international search for petroleum imposed new and rigorous demands on the offshore supply vessel. These vessels entered a phase of their evolution which has resulted in a class of vessel proven to be remarkably versatile and cost effective. This paper reviews the history and development of the offshore supply boat and describes the features and capabilities of these vessels which the author believes will enable them to serve as a new class of naval auxiliary capable of multimission utilization.

Removeal of Arsenic(III) from Water by Using a New Class of Zero-Valent Iron Modified Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieves SBA-15

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Meng Ye ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Qi Zhuang He
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Class ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

An elevated arsenic (As) content in groundwater imposes a great threat to people worldwide. Thus, developing new and cost-effective methods to remove As from groundwater and drinking water becomes a priority. Using Zero-Valent iron (ZVI) to remove As from water is a proven technology. In this study, ZVI modified SBA-15 mesoporous silicamolecular sieves (ZVI-SBA-15), was prepared, characterized, and used for removing arsenic from water. Wet impregnation, drying, and calcination steps led to iron inclusion within the mesopores. Iron oxide was reduced to ZVI by NaBH4, and the ZVI modified SBA-15 was obtained. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the preparation process of the nitrate to oxide forms. The structure of the materials was confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction. Its data indicated that the structure of ZVI-SBA-15 retained the host SBA-15 structure. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed a decrease in surface area and pore size, indicating ZVI-SBA-15 coating on the inner surfaces. Transmission electron micrographs also confirmed that modified SBA-15 retained the structure of the parent SBA-15 silica.It has a high uptake capability(more than 90 pecent) make it potentially attractive absorbent for the removal of arsenic from water.

DEVELOPMENT OF ABSORBENT TECHNOLOGY FOR OIL SPILL RECOVERY AND CLEANUP IN ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017-076
Author(s):  
Changwoo Nam ◽  
Houxiang Li ◽  
T.C. Mike Chung
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Fast Kinetics ◽  
Refined Oil ◽  
New Class ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Tank Test ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT 2017-076 In this paper, we discuss a new class of i-PetroGel oil-superabsorbent technology that has shown a potential solution to the oil spill recovery and cleanup in arctic environments, based on the laboratory tests at Penn State and an open tank test at Ohmsett. This i-PetroGel material is formed by polyolefin polymers that are petroleum downstream products with similar oleophilic and hydrophobic properties of oil molecules. Apart from many oil sorbents based on adsorption, i-PetroGel absorbs oil by absorption (similar to Hydrogel absorbing aqueous solutions) and swells to a large volume. During Ohmsett testing, i-PetroGel flakes spread on top of the affected area showed effective transformation of Alaska North Slope (ANS) oil into a floating gel on the seawater surface, which was effectively recovered by an oleophilic drum skimmer and pumped to a storage tank. The recovered ANS oil-swelled adducts, containing <0.1 wt% water, exhibit similar distillation characteristics as the original ANS oil. Overall, this i-PetroGel technology could potentially provide a comprehensive solution for combating oil spills, with the goal to dramatically reduce the environmental impacts from oil spills and help recover one of the most precious natural resources. i-PetroGel exhibits a combination of desirable properties. ✓ High oil absorption capacity about 35–40 times by weight at 3 and 25 °C. ✓ Suitable to a broad range of hydrocarbons, including complex crude oils, refined oil products (gasolines, diesels, heating oils, etc.), and solvents (toluene, benzene, etc.). ✓ Fast kinetics in capturing the spilled oil. ✓ No detectable water absorption in i-PetroGel. ✓ The resulting oil/i-PetroGel adducts floating on water surface are recovered by skimmer. ✓ The recovered oil/i-Petrogel adducts can be refined as crude oil through standard refining processes. ✓ Cost effective. ✓ No secondary pollution.

Saturated biosorbents: shift from waste to new class of materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artis Robalds
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
New Class ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Polluted Waters

&lt;p&gt;The use of biosorbents (adsorbents of natural origin, such as, plant derived material) has been regarded as an alternative to traditional wastewater treatment methods (such as chemical precipitation or ion exchange), as it is environmentally friendly and cost-effective process. Literally hundreds of different biosorbents have been tested in laboratory scale sorption experiments, however, the traditional research of biosorbents (i.e., the use of biosorbents in the treatment of polluted waters) seems to be a dead-end direction, with technological problems that are difficult to overcome, and process has found no application on industrial scale until now. For example, biosorbents are short-lived, as the biomass decomposes in the solution, and as a result, it is fragile to technological operations such as mixing or pumping. There are also problems with regeneration and reuse of biosorbents. It explains why this process has not been implemented in industrial scale so far. In addition, the focus in biosorption studies has always been more on the &amp;#8220;removal&amp;#8221; (i.e., concentration of pollutants into a biosorbent, however this material will become a waste after the biosorption), but not so much on the &amp;#8220;recovery&amp;#8221;. Therefore, there is an opportunity, as well as challenge to apply biosorption principles in unconventional manner. A new concept will be proposed, with shift away from adsorption of toxic elements to adsorption of essential elements.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Camel Milk Disguised Cosmeceutical

2020 ◽  
pp. 348-362
Author(s):  
Rajesh Datt Mehta ◽  
Ritika Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Acid ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
New Class ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Aging Skin

This chapter conveys the untapped property of camel milk as cosmeceutical. The camel milk ingredients (i.e., water, ascorbic acid, alpha hydroxy acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, peptides, and micronutrients) make it a cost-effective cosmeceutical with no adverse cutaneous or systemic reactions. It may be used as a photoprotective, moisturizing, anti-wrinkle, anti-aging skin softener. The bioactive ingredients may begin the new class of natural cosmeceutical when consumed orally or applied topically.

scholarly journals New insights into antimalarial chemopreventive activity of antifolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatpong Pethrak ◽  
Navaporn Posayapisit ◽  
Jutharat Pengon ◽  
Nattida Suwanakitti ◽  
Atiporn Saeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asexual Blood Stage ◽  
New Class ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Quadruple Mutant ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Chemopreventive Activity ◽  
Hepatic Development

Antifolates targeting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) are antimalarial compounds that have long been used for malaria treatment and chemoprevention (inhibition of infection from mosquitoes to humans). Despite their extensive applications, the thorough understanding of antifolate activity against hepatic malaria parasites, especially resistant parasites, have yet to be achieved. Using a transgenic P. berghei harboring quadruple mutant dhfr from P. falciparum (Pb::Pfdhfr -4M ) , we demonstrate that quadruple mutations on Pfdhfr confer complete chemoprevention resistance to pyrimethamine, the previous generation of antifolate, but not to a new class of antifolate designed to overcome the resistance such as P218. Detailed investigation to pin-point stage-specific chemoprevention further demonstrated that it is unnecessary for the drug to be present throughout hepatic development. The drug is most potent against the developmental stages from early hepatic trophozoite to late hepatic trophozoite, but is not effective at inhibiting sporozoite and early hepatic stage development from sporozoite to early trophozoite. Our data shows that P218 also inhibited the late hepatic stage development, from trophozoite to mature schizonts to a lesser extent. With a single dose of 15 mg/kg, P218 prevented infection from up to 25,000 pyrimethamine-resistant sporozoites, a number equal to thousands of infectious mosquito bites. Additionally, the hepatic stage of malaria parasite is much more susceptible to antifolates than the asexual blood stage. This study provides important insights into the activity of antifolates, as a chemopreventive therapeutic which could lead to a more efficient and cost effective treatment regime.

scholarly journals Functional Ionic Porous Frameworks Based on Triaminoguanidinium for CO2 Conversion and Combating Microbes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. Waseem Hussain ◽  
Vipin Bhardwaj ◽  
ARKAPRABHA GIRI ◽  
Ajit Chande ◽  
Abhijit Patra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Class ◽  
Solvent Free Condition ◽  
Molecular Separation ◽  
High Metal ◽  
Mesoporous Zno

Porous organic frameworks (POFs) with heteroatom rich ionic backbone have emerged as advanced materials for catalysis, charge-specific molecular separation and antibacterial activity. The loading of metal ions further enhances Lewis acidity augmenting the activity associated with the frameworks. Metal-loaded ionic POFs however often suffer from physicochemical instability, limiting their scope for diverse applications. Herein, we report the fabrication of triaminoguanidinium-based ionic POFs through Schiff base condensation in a cost-effective and scalable manner. The resultant N-rich ionic frameworks facilitate selective CO<sub>2</sub> uptake and provide high metal (ZnO, 57.3 ± 1.2%) loading capacity. The hierarchically mesoporous ZnO-rich metalated frameworks (Zn/POFs) show remarkable catalytic activity in the cycloaddition of CO<sub>2</sub> and epoxides into cyclic organic carbonates under solvent-free condition with high catalyst recyclability. In addition, both ionic POFs and Zn/POFs exhibit robust antibacterial (Gram-positive, <i>S. aureus</i> and Gram-negative, <i>E. coli</i>) and antiviral activity targeting HIV and VSV-G enveloped lentiviral particles. The enhanced catalytic, as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, are likely due to the synergistic effect of triaminoguanidinium ions and ZnO infused with the frameworks. We thus establish triaminoguanidinium-based POFs and Zn/POFs as a new class of multifunctional materials for environmental remediation and biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Functional Ionic Porous Frameworks Based on Triaminoguanidinium for CO2 Conversion and Combating Microbes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD. Waseem Hussain ◽  
Vipin Bhardwaj ◽  
ARKAPRABHA GIRI ◽  
Ajit Chande ◽  
Abhijit Patra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Lewis Acidity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
New Class ◽  
Solvent Free Condition ◽  
Molecular Separation ◽  
High Metal ◽  
Mesoporous Zno

Porous organic frameworks (POFs) with heteroatom rich ionic backbone have emerged as advanced materials for catalysis, charge-specific molecular separation and antibacterial activity. The loading of metal ions further enhances Lewis acidity augmenting the activity associated with the frameworks. Metal-loaded ionic POFs however often suffer from physicochemical instability, limiting their scope for diverse applications. Herein, we report the fabrication of triaminoguanidinium-based ionic POFs through Schiff base condensation in a cost-effective and scalable manner. The resultant N-rich ionic frameworks facilitate selective CO<sub>2</sub> uptake and provide high metal (ZnO, 57.3 ± 1.2%) loading capacity. The hierarchically mesoporous ZnO-rich metalated frameworks (Zn/POFs) show remarkable catalytic activity in the cycloaddition of CO<sub>2</sub> and epoxides into cyclic organic carbonates under solvent-free condition with high catalyst recyclability. In addition, both ionic POFs and Zn/POFs exhibit robust antibacterial (Gram-positive, <i>S. aureus</i> and Gram-negative, <i>E. coli</i>) and antiviral activity targeting HIV and VSV-G enveloped lentiviral particles. The enhanced catalytic, as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, are likely due to the synergistic effect of triaminoguanidinium ions and ZnO infused with the frameworks. We thus establish triaminoguanidinium-based POFs and Zn/POFs as a new class of multifunctional materials for environmental remediation and biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Targets in the use of biologics for asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
John Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Patient Selection ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Asthma Therapy ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
New Class

Asthma is a heterogeneous illness. Despite a vast array of treatment options, a significant proportion of patients with asthma continues to lack control of their illness. We now have a new class of asthma therapy in our armamentarium: biologic agents. Presently, the current pricing for all of the biologic agents exceeds measures of cost-effectiveness. Optimal patient selection, through phenotypic indices, is the only likely way to allow these agents to be cost effective. This review examined the literature regarding biologic agents, which stressed attempts at optimizing choice.

A Silicon Carbide Accelerometer for Extreme Environment Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 859-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srihari Rajgopal ◽  
Daniel Zula ◽  
Steven Garverick ◽  
Mehran Mehregany
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
New Class ◽  
Capacitive Accelerometer ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
High Level

A polycrystalline silicon carbide (poly-SiC) surface-micromachined capacitive accelerometer is designed, fabricated and tested. Leveraging the superior thermo-mechanical and chemical resistance properties of SiC, the device is a first step toward cost-effective implementation of a new class of extreme environment accelerometers, for example for high temperature vibration and shock measurements, even thought this initial work is at room temperature. The accelerometer described herein is designed for a range of 5000 g and a bandwidth of 18 kHz, specifications consistent with commercially available piezoelectric devices for high-level mechanical impact measurements. Test results demonstrate the sensor achieving a resolution of 350 mg/√Hz at 1kHz with a sensitivity of 12 μV/g and a bandwidth of 10 kHz at room temperature.

scholarly journals New insights into antimalarial chemopreventive activity of antifolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatpong Pethrak ◽  
Navaporn Posayapisit ◽  
Jutharat Pengon ◽  
Nattida Suwanakitti ◽  
Atiporn Saeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asexual Blood Stage ◽  
New Class ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Quadruple Mutant ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Chemopreventive Activity ◽  
Hepatic Development

Antifolates targeting dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) are antimalarial compounds that have long been used for malaria treatment and chemoprevention (inhibition of infection from mosquitoes to humans). Despite their extensive applications, the thorough understanding of antifolate activity against hepatic malaria parasites, especially resistant parasites, have yet to be achieved. Using a transgenic P. berghei harboring quadruple mutant dhfr from P. falciparum (Pb::Pfdhfr-4M), we demonstrate that quadruple mutations on Pfdhfr confer complete chemoprevention resistance to pyrimethamine, the previous generation of antifolate, but not a new class of antifolate designed to overcome the resistance such as P218. Detailed investigation to pin-point stage-specific chemoprevention further demonstrated that it is unnecessary for the drug to be present throughout hepatic development. The drug is most potent against the developmental stages from  early hepatic trophozoite to late hepatic trophozoite, but is not effective at inhibiting sporozoite and early hepatic stage development from sporozoite to early trophozoite. Our data shows that P218 also inhibited the late hepatic stage development, from trophozoite to mature schizonts to a lesser extent. With a single dose of 15 mg/kg, P218 prevented infection from up to 25,000 pyrimentamine-resistant sporozoites, a number equal to thousands of infectious mosquito bites. Additionally, the hepatic stage of malaria parasite is much more susceptible to antifolates than the asexual blood stage. This study provides important insights into the activity of antifolates, as a chemopreventive therapeutic which could lead to a more efficient and cost effective treatment regime.

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