Saturated biosorbents: shift from waste to new class of materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artis Robalds
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
New Class ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Polluted Waters

<p>The use of biosorbents (adsorbents of natural origin, such as, plant derived material) has been regarded as an alternative to traditional wastewater treatment methods (such as chemical precipitation or ion exchange), as it is environmentally friendly and cost-effective process. Literally hundreds of different biosorbents have been tested in laboratory scale sorption experiments, however, the traditional research of biosorbents (i.e., the use of biosorbents in the treatment of polluted waters) seems to be a dead-end direction, with technological problems that are difficult to overcome, and process has found no application on industrial scale until now. For example, biosorbents are short-lived, as the biomass decomposes in the solution, and as a result, it is fragile to technological operations such as mixing or pumping. There are also problems with regeneration and reuse of biosorbents. It explains why this process has not been implemented in industrial scale so far. In addition, the focus in biosorption studies has always been more on the “removal” (i.e., concentration of pollutants into a biosorbent, however this material will become a waste after the biosorption), but not so much on the “recovery”. Therefore, there is an opportunity, as well as challenge to apply biosorption principles in unconventional manner. A new concept will be proposed, with shift away from adsorption of toxic elements to adsorption of essential elements. </p>

Primary Teeth and Hair as Indicators of Environmental Pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
TE Shishniashvili ◽  
NN Suladze ◽  
VV Margvelashvili
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives: To study the influence of environmental pollution on the mineralization of dental hard tissues by using biosubstrates: teeth and hair. :Study design: At the first stage epidemiological survey was conducted in polluted and less polluted areas of Tbilisi (Georgia). We studied 525 children aged 3 and 4 years. Caries prevalence and intensity was defined by the methodology of World Health Organization. At the second stage the chemical elements content was studied in hair and teeth hard tissues of 24 children by X - ray fluorescent spectroscopy method. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in the polluted region was 46%, caries intensity − 1.92 (± 2.842). In the less polluted region prevalence was 37%, caries intensity − 1.47 (± 2.571). These data are statistically reliable (p < 0.05). The study of hair and tooth tissues showed that the toxic elements (Pb, Hg, Sn, Ti) content in these tissues was higher in environmentally unfavorable than in favorable conditions. Conclusion: Hair and dental tissues can be used as indicators of environmental pollution. Our survey showed that toxic elements content in dental hard tissues was higher and the level of essential elements was less in polluted than in less polluted areas of Tbilisi.

scholarly journals Boat Pressure Washing Wastewater Treatment with Calcium Oxide and/or Ferric Chloride

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Višnja Oreščanin ◽  
Robert Kollar ◽  
Karlo Nađ ◽  
Ivanka Mikelić ◽  
Nenad Mikulić
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Washing Wastewater ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Final Effluent

Boat Pressure Washing Wastewater Treatment with Calcium Oxide and/or Ferric ChlorideThe aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of (1) chemical precipitation by calcium oxide, (2) coagulation/flocculation by ferric chloride (FC), and (3) the combination these two methods in reducing the toxicity of wastewater generated by boat pressure washing. All three methods gave satisfactory results in the removal of colour, turbidity, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. The concentrations of heavy metals were lowered below national limits with 1 g of CaO, 2.54 mg of Fe3+ in the form of FeCl3x6H2O, and the combination of 0.25 g of CaO and 5.08 mg of Fe3+ per 50 mL of wastewater. Both CaO (1.50 g per 50 mL of wastewater) and FC proved efficient, but their combination yielded a significantly better performance: 99.41 %, 100.00 %, 97.87 %, 99.09 %, 99.90 %, 99.46 % and 98.33 % for colour, turbidity, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb respectively. For colour, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Pb removal efficiencies increased in the following order: FC<CaO<CaO+FC, while this order for turbidity and Fe was as follows: CaO<FC<CaO+FC. As expected, all three methods increased the concentration of total dissolved solids in the final effluent. Our results suggest that the combined treatment of marina wastewaters with calcium oxide followed by ferric chloride is efficient, cost-effective, and user-friendly.

The Offshore Supply Vessel as a Naval Auxiliary

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
Salvadore J. Guarino
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Class

In the late 1960's the expanded international search for petroleum imposed new and rigorous demands on the offshore supply vessel. These vessels entered a phase of their evolution which has resulted in a class of vessel proven to be remarkably versatile and cost effective. This paper reviews the history and development of the offshore supply boat and describes the features and capabilities of these vessels which the author believes will enable them to serve as a new class of naval auxiliary capable of multimission utilization.

Optimising postoperative discharge plans for patients undergoing surgical treatment for gastric cancer: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Lorena Chaparro-Diaz ◽  
Maria Zoraida Rojas ◽  
Sonia Patricia Carreño-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Partial Gastrectomy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients

Background: Gastric (stomach) cancer is common, difficult to detect and has a high mortality rate. Many gastric cancers are treatable with invasive gastrointestinal surgery, including total or partial gastrectomy. These patients face many postoperative challenges, including pain, nausea and nutritional difficulties, as well as consequent anxiety and socio-economic challenges. Some healthcare institutions have implemented discharge plans as a cost-effective strategy to improve postoperative care. Aim: This systematic literature review aimed to identify essential elements to incorporate in the design and implementation of discharge plans for post-surgical gastric cancer patients. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed on the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies, Elsevier Scopus and the library database of the National University of Colombia. These articles were assessed for relevance and underwent thematic analysis. Findings: The search returned nine relevant articles in English and Spanish. They suggested that discharge plans should start from first contact with a nurse and integrate the patient and their family and carers into the process of home self-care and recovery. These plans should also guide nurses to provide ongoing patient education, nutritional interventions and psychosocial support, as well as prevention of thromboembolism and assistance with symptom management and coming to terms with a new life situation. Conclusions: Discharge plans reduce the negative impact of the disease and invasive procedures on patients, families and health systems, reducing unplanned hospitalisation and readmission. There is a need to develop and test supportive care programmes that are designed to meet the needs of patients and focus on improving patients' quality of life after this life-changing surgery.

Removeal of Arsenic(III) from Water by Using a New Class of Zero-Valent Iron Modified Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieves SBA-15

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 423-429
Author(s):  
Meng Ye ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Qi Zhuang He
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Class ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

An elevated arsenic (As) content in groundwater imposes a great threat to people worldwide. Thus, developing new and cost-effective methods to remove As from groundwater and drinking water becomes a priority. Using Zero-Valent iron (ZVI) to remove As from water is a proven technology. In this study, ZVI modified SBA-15 mesoporous silicamolecular sieves (ZVI-SBA-15), was prepared, characterized, and used for removing arsenic from water. Wet impregnation, drying, and calcination steps led to iron inclusion within the mesopores. Iron oxide was reduced to ZVI by NaBH4, and the ZVI modified SBA-15 was obtained. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the preparation process of the nitrate to oxide forms. The structure of the materials was confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction. Its data indicated that the structure of ZVI-SBA-15 retained the host SBA-15 structure. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis revealed a decrease in surface area and pore size, indicating ZVI-SBA-15 coating on the inner surfaces. Transmission electron micrographs also confirmed that modified SBA-15 retained the structure of the parent SBA-15 silica.It has a high uptake capability(more than 90 pecent) make it potentially attractive absorbent for the removal of arsenic from water.

scholarly journals Big health data: the new frontier for cardiovascular disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Health Care Administrators ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
The World

Despite improvement in diagnosis and management, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and hospitalization throughout the world. The expansion of digital cardiology presents outstanding opportunities for clinicians, researchers, and health care administrators to improve outcomes and sustainability of health systems. Electronic big health data combining electronic health records (EHRs) from diverse individuals across a wide variety of platforms may provide a real-time solution to questions and problems relating to health. Very large population studies based on EHR are efficient and cost-effective, and offer an alternative to traditional research approaches. Indeed, digital cardiology can help researchers to enhance, diagnose, and manage CVD using dedicated algorithms that allow targeted and personalized CVD treatments

STUDIES ON DAILY CHANGES OF ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATION IN BEARD SAMPLES BY MEANS OF THE STANDARD-FREE METHOD

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. SERA ◽  
T. SASAKI ◽  
J. ITOH ◽  
Y. SAITOH
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Daily Changes

We developed and reported a standard-free method for beard (including mustache and whiskers) samples that enables us to quantitatively analyze powdered beard samples of extremely small quantity. In order to investigate intake of essential elements and also exposure to toxic elements, daily changes of elemental concentration in the body give us essential information. Firstly, we have measured dependence of elemental concentration in beard, mustache and whiskers on the collecting regions in the face. Then, daily changes of elemental concentration in the body, which reflect daily ingestion of foods and waters, have been estimated by means of quantitative analyses of beard samples. These beard samples were taken from three persons everyday over successive 7, 14 and 33 days, respectively. As a result, some elements show long-term changes and a few toxic elements such as arsenic and lead exhibit changes in a period of a few days. We have also measured daily changes of elemental concentration in urine and beard taken from the same person at the same time every half day over 10 days, and clear correlation of daily changes of the arsenic concentration between urine and beard samples was observed. It is found that the standard-free method is quite effective for beard samples of very small quantities, and that beard analyses are quite suited to studies on daily changes of elemental concentration in the human body in comparison with the other samples depending on the elements.

Building an EcoSystem for User-friendly Design of Advanced System in Package (SiP) Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 000083-000086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herb Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Rf Mems ◽  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Ic Packaging ◽  
Reference Design ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract The Semiconductor Industry has followed “Moore's Law” for more than five decades and has made remarkable progress by continuously shrinking features sizes. However, meeting today's and future market requirements, such as shorter development times, lower up-front cost, lower unit cost, many more gates and pins in even smaller form-factors, integration of heterogeneous functions (logic, memory, analog, RF, MEMS, sensors, optical and others) and higher performance per Watt is becoming much more challenging. These requirements call for advanced IC packaging technologies to enable continued semiconductor revenue and profit growth. In addition to IC packaging-specific expertise and development resources, very close cooperation with knowledgeable partners across all planning, design and manufacturing steps is needed, to create cost-effective and reliable electronic components, sub-systems, even entire systems in a package. This paper analyzes why and where advanced IC packaging technologies are needed and suggests steps for developing Assembly Design Kits (ADKs) and Reference Design Flows, and other essential elements for building a strong “More than Moore”-focused semiconductor EcoSystem.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Bonelike Apatite 2D Nanoplate Structures Using Fenugreek Seed Extract

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Abdalla Abdal-hay ◽  
H. Fouad ◽  
Basheer A. ALshammari ◽  
Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Fenugreek Seed ◽  
Bonelike Apatite

An innovative, biomimetic, green synthesis approach was exploited for the synthesis of humane and environmental friendly nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Ultrafine bonelike apatite (BAp) 2D plate-like structures were prepared using fenugreek seed extract during the biosynthesis wet-chemical precipitation route. The chemical analysis, morphology and structure of the prepared 2D nanoplates were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A 2D plate-like nanostructure of BAp with an average width (length) of 12.67 ± 2 nm and thickness of 3.8 ± 1.2 nm was obtained. BAp 2D crystals were tuned by interaction with the fenugreek organic molecules during the fabrication process. In addition to Ca and P ions, bone mineral sources such as K, Mg, Na, SO4 and CO3 ions were incorporated into BAp nanoplates using fenugreek seed extract. The overall organic molecule concentration in the reaction process increased the effectiveness of hydroxyl groups as nucleation sites for BAp crystals. Accordingly, the size of the biosynthesized BAp plate-like structure was reduced to its lowest value. Biosynthesis BAp 2D plate-like nanocrystals showed good viability and higher growth of MC3T3 osteoblast-like structures than that of the control sample. BAp 2D nanoplates prepared by a facile, ecofriendly and cost-effective approach could be considered a favorable osteoconductive inorganic biomaterial for bone regeneration applications.

scholarly journals Far-infrared optical constants of ZnO and ZnO/Ag nanostructures

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (40) ◽  
pp. 20902-20908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Zamiri ◽  
Avito Rebelo ◽  
Golriz Zamiri ◽  
Atena Adnani ◽  
Ajay Kuashal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Constants ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Chemical Precipitation Method ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ag Nanoparticle ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Wet Chemical Precipitation

We report on the synthesis of ZnO nanoplates and ZnO nanoplate/Ag nanoparticle heterostructures via a simple and cost effective wet chemical precipitation method.

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