Maternal Attitude Toward Formula Feeding among Sample of Iraqi Mothers

Fathers participate in choosing the feeding method for their newborns. However they traditionally have not been included in most breast-feeding education programs. To examine expectant fathers' attitudes and knowledge regarding breast-feeding, we surveyed 268 men during the first session of their Childbirth education classes at five private hospitals in Houston, Texas. The study population was 81% white, 8% black, and 6% hispanic. Ninety-seven percent (n = 259) of the total were married. Fifty-eight percent (n = 156) reported that their spouses planned to breast-feed exclusively; several signficant differences existed between these men and those who reported plans for exclusive formula feeding. The breast-feeding group was more likely to believe breast-feeding is better for the baby (96% vs 62%; P < .0001), helps with infant bonding (92% vs 53%; P < .0001), and protects the infant from disease (79% vs 47% P < .001). The breast-feeding group was also more likely to want their partner to breast-feed (90% vs 13%; P < .0001) and to have respect for breast-feeding women (57% vs 16%; P < .0001). Conversely, those in the formula feeding group were more likely to think breast-feeding is bad for breasts (52% vs 22%; P < .01), makes breasts ugly (44% vs 23%; P < .05), and interferes with sex (72% vs 24%; P < .0001). The majority of both groups indicated breast-feeding was not acceptable in public (breast-feeding = 71%, formula feeding = 78%, P < .05). These data demonstrate misperceptions and a lack of education regarding breast-feeding in the formula feeding group and a lack of public acceptance in both groups. We conclude that fathers must be included in breast-feeding education programs. Confrontation of myths and misperceptions prenatally may help to overcome obstacles to the initiation of breast-feeding and to provide greater familial support for nursing mothers.

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Effects of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding on the Metabolic Factors and the Expression Level of Obesity and Diabetes-Predisposing Genes in Healthy Infants

10.21203/rs.3.rs-928055/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sahar Cheshmeh ◽

Amir Saber ◽

Seyed Mostafa Nachvak ◽

Niloofar Hojati ◽

Negin Elahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Formula Feeding ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Expression Level ◽

Metabolic Factors ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Ppar Γ ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Predisposing Genes

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are prevalent disorders diagnosed by glucose metabolism problems and excess weight gain. Breastfeeding is the best feeding way for infants until six months and due to its nutritional properties, has desirable effects on diabetes and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of breastfeeding, formula feeding, and formula-plus breastfeeding (mix-feeding) on the anthropometric indices, metabolic factors, and the expression level of obesity and diabetes-predisposing genes of healthy infants. Methods: A total of 150 healthy infants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All infants (aged 24 months) based on the type of their feeding were divided into three groups, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mix-feeding. The anthropometric indices, glycemic indexes, lipid profile, and the expression level of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), liver X receptor α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genes were assessed for all infants using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results: The anthropometric indices including weight, height, and head circumference, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in the breastfeeding infants in comparison to other groups. As well, the expression level of the ACACB gene was significantly downregulated in breastfeeding infants, while the PPAR-γ gene was significantly upregulated, but the expression level of LXR- α, PTEN and BDNF didn’t show a significant difference between groups.Conclusions: Breastfeeding in comparison with formula feeding possessed desirable effects on anthropometric indices, metabolic factors, and diabetes-predisposing genes.

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Influencers of women's choice and experience of exclusive formula feeding in hospital

Midwifery ◽

10.1016/j.midw.2021.103093 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103093

Author(s):

Courtney Barnes ◽

Yvonne Hauck ◽

Kelly Mabbott ◽

Kirsty Officer ◽

Liz Ashton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Formula Feeding

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Body Composition and Circulating High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and IGF-I in Infants Born Small for Gestational Age: Breast- Versus Formula-Feeding

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db11-1797 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 1969-1973 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

F. de Zegher ◽

G. Sebastiani ◽

M. Diaz ◽

D. Sanchez-Infantes ◽

A. Lopez-Bermejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Body Composition ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Formula Feeding ◽

High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ◽

Igf I

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A Mother's Attitude Towards her Infant and Child Behaviour Five Years Later

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/j.1440-1614.2003.01272.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 748-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

William Bor ◽

Patricia A. Brennan ◽

Gail M. Williams ◽

Jake M. Najman ◽

Michael O'callaghan

Keyword(s):

Negative Attitude ◽

Child Behaviour ◽

Sensitive Period ◽

Behaviour Problems ◽

Broad Perspective ◽

Maternal Attitude ◽

Social Risks ◽

Child Behaviour Problems ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

The Relationship

Objective: The relationship between maternal attitude to the infant at 6 months of age and behavioural outcomes at 5 years is explored, controlling for numerous demographic, child and psychosocial family factors. Method: Data was used from the Mater-University Study of Pregnancy, an Australian longitudinal study of over 7000 mothers and children followed from pregnancy to when the children were 5 years. Measures ranging from the key variables of maternal attitude and child behaviour as well as numerous confounders were dichotomised. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between maternal negative attitude toward the infant and clinically significant levels of child behaviour problems and other infant risks, early social risks, and concurrent social risks. Results: The results suggest that maternal negative attitude towards the infant at 6 months is an independent predictor of child behaviour problems at 5 years. This association remained significant for boys’ externalizing behaviours and girls’ internalizing behaviours. Conclusions: The findings lend support to the concept of a sensitive period in early infancy; the need for a broad perspective in the assessment of the mother-infant relationship and the need for early intervention with dysfunctional mother-infant dyads.

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Breast Feeding versus Formula Feeding and Diarrheal Diseases in Infants and Children- A Review

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21033 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 26-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MUH Begum

Keyword(s):

Breast Feeding ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Formula Feeding ◽

Infants And Children ◽

World Health ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Diarrheal Diseases ◽

Health Organization ◽

In Infants And Children

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) emphasize the value of breastfeeding for mothers as well as children. Both recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life. Human breast milk is the healthiest form of milk for babies. Breastfeeding promotes health and helps to prevent diseases including diarrheal diseases. It contains all nutrients including antibodies (IgA),and lactoferrin, that potentially prevent infection and diarrhea in infants and children. Studies conducted in both developed and under developed nations have found that breast feeding is associated with significantly ( upto 64%) less diarrheal disease and the protective effect of breast feeding does not persist beyond two months after breast feeding is stopped. On the other hand, formula fed infants are found an upto 80% increased in the risk of developing diarrhea compared to breast fed infants and there is significantly more diarrheal disease in formula fed infants. Infection may be attributable to contamination of bottles, teats, milk, and food in infants who are not exclusively breastfed. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and there after complementary feedings while breastfeeding continues for up to two years of age or beyond, enthusiastic support and involvement from clinicians, obstetricians and pediatricians, are essential in breastfeeding vs formula feeding issue and to reduce incidence of diarrheal diseases in infants and children. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21033 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 26-30

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