Effects of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding on the Metabolic Factors and the Expression Level of Obesity and Diabetes-Predisposing Genes in Healthy Infants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Cheshmeh ◽  
Amir Saber ◽  
Seyed Mostafa Nachvak ◽  
Niloofar Hojati ◽  
Negin Elahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Metabolic Factors ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Predisposing Genes

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are prevalent disorders diagnosed by glucose metabolism problems and excess weight gain. Breastfeeding is the best feeding way for infants until six months and due to its nutritional properties, has desirable effects on diabetes and obesity. This study aimed to investigate the effects of breastfeeding, formula feeding, and formula-plus breastfeeding (mix-feeding) on the anthropometric indices, metabolic factors, and the expression level of obesity and diabetes-predisposing genes of healthy infants. Methods: A total of 150 healthy infants were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All infants (aged 24 months) based on the type of their feeding were divided into three groups, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mix-feeding. The anthropometric indices, glycemic indexes, lipid profile, and the expression level of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), liver X receptor α (LXR-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genes were assessed for all infants using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results: The anthropometric indices including weight, height, and head circumference, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in the breastfeeding infants in comparison to other groups. As well, the expression level of the ACACB gene was significantly downregulated in breastfeeding infants, while the PPAR-γ gene was significantly upregulated, but the expression level of LXR- α, PTEN and BDNF didn’t show a significant difference between groups.Conclusions: Breastfeeding in comparison with formula feeding possessed desirable effects on anthropometric indices, metabolic factors, and diabetes-predisposing genes.

Association of plant-based diets with lipid profile and anthropometric indices: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohadese Borazjani ◽  
Mehran Nouri ◽  
Kamesh Venkatakrishnane ◽  
Maryam Najafi ◽  
Shiva Faghih
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Plant-based diets have been related to decreasing morbidity and mortality of many non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between plant-based diets and lipid profiles and anthropometric indices. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was performed on 236 men and women selected from Shiraz health-care centers. This study used a 168-item food frequency questionnaire to calculate plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) and unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI). Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Furthermore, body mass index, a body shape index and conicity index (CI) were calculated after measuring weight, height and waist circumference. Findings Higher score of PDI was significantly related to higher triglycerides level (OR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.04, 4.48; P = 0.03). In the fully adjusted model, there was a significant association between ABSI and hPDI (OR = 4.88; 95% CI: 1.17, 20.24; P = 0.03). A significant inverse association was observed between uPDI and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.98; P = 0.03). Also, this study found a decreasing, but insignificant trend in relation of ABSI (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.22, 2.34) and CI (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.56) with PDI. Research limitations/implications Further studies are needed to explore the association of PDI with anthropometric indices and lipid profile and also to assess the potential causality of the observed associations. Plant-based diets according to their contents could affect triglycerides, HDL and anthropometric properties. Practical implications Hence, dietitians should consider the findings of this study such as the inverse effect of unhealthy plant-based diets on HDL and the relation between healthy plant-based diets and WC and abdominal obesity. Originality/value This study showed that adherence to a plant-based diet was related to higher triglycerides levels. Also, uPDI was inversely associated with HDL level. Furthermore, participants who adhered more to a healthy plant-based diet had higher abdominal adiposity.

scholarly journals Effects of Breastfeeding and Formula Feeding on the Expression Level of FTO, CPT1A and PPAR-α Genes in Healthy Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 2227-2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Cheshmeh ◽  
Seyed Mostafa Nachvak ◽  
Nayebali Rezvani ◽  
Amir Saber
Keyword(s):  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Healthy Infants

scholarly journals The relationship between measures of obesity and atherogenic lipids among Nigerians with hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Olamoyegun A Michael
Keyword(s):  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship

AimThis study aimed to determine the relationship between measures of obesity and serum lipid levels among hypertensive patients.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study in which participants newly diagnosed with hypertension formed the study population. A range of demographic and anthropometric data was obtained, including weight, height, and waist and hip circumference. Fasting serum lipids were also measured, including total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using Friedewald formula. Statistical analysis was then carried out to determine the relationship between anthropometric indices and lipid profile levels. ResultsThe study population consisted of 124 male and 290 female subjects with a mean age of 66±16.95 years (range, 30–100 years).The female subjects were older than the male subjects (p=0.020). Our analysis showed that 85%, 58.5% and 30.7% of the study population had abnormal waist circumference (WC), abnormal waist-hip ratio (WHR) and a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2, respectively. Decreased HDL-C (70.1%) was the commonest lipid abnormality detected, followed by elevated LDL (6.0%). None of the anthropometric indices were independent predictors of abnormal lipid levels. However, advanced age and female sex were independent predictors for at least one serum lipid abnormality.ConclusionNone of the measures of obesity could independently predict abnormal lipid levels in individuals newly diagnosed with hypertension. However, female sex, advanced age and systolic blood pressure were independently associated with abnormal serum lipids. Encouraging regular exercise, and the possible addition of statins, may be beneficial in addressing both obesity and dyslipidaemia.

scholarly journals Beta-sitosterol upregulated paraoxonase-1 via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in irradiated rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas Mahmoud Moustafa ◽  
Noura Magdy Thabet
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Ppar Γ

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of beta-sitosterol (BS) on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) gene expression role in the activity of paraoxonase (PON-1) enzyme in oxidative stress status of irradiated rats. Animals were exposed to whole body γ-radiation single dose 6 Gy and received BS dose (40 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1, orally). In liver tissue, gene expression of PPAR-γ ligand was determined. Oxidative stress marker (malondialdehyde, MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), PON-1, and arylesterase (ARE)) were assayed in serum and liver tissue. Also, serum lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c)) was measured. In irradiated animals that received BS, expression of PPAR-γ ligand increase significantly associated with increase in PON-1 and ARE enzyme activities. Also, the activities of SOD, CAT enzymes, and HDL-c levels display elevation. By contrast, significant decrease in MDA content, cholesterol, TG, and LDL-c levels were revealed after BS administration. Our findings in this study provide the evidence that BS has radio-protective effect via regulating the gene expression of PPAR-γ, causing an increase in PON-1 and ARE enzyme activities. This action of BS is due to its free radical scavenging properties, antioxidant effect, lowering of cholesterol, and PPAR-γ agonist properties.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anthropometric Indices for Metabolic Syndrome and their Association with Metabolic Risk Factors among Healthy Individuals in New Belgrade

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Veroslava Stanković ◽  
Svetlana Stojanović ◽  
Nađa Vasiljević
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Indices

Summary People with metabolic syndrome (MetSy) are about twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease and over four times as likely to develop type 2 diabetes compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome. Waist circumferences (WC) and body mass index (BMI) are useful screening tools for making the diagnosis. MetSy has increased the health risk in primary care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anthropometric indices for MetSy and determine which of simple anthropometric measurements is most closely associated with metabolic risk factors. The research included 264 individuals, of which 132 men with mean age (±SD) of 44.73 ±9.37 years and 132 women with mean age (±SD) of 46.67±8.44 years. Antropometric indicators were measured using standard protocols, without shoes and outerwear. BMI was calculated as weight/height2(kg/m2) ratio, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Blood pressure measurements were obtained with the subject in a seated position by using a standard mercury sphygmomanometer. Blood samples were obtained after a minimum of 12-h fast; the metabolic parameters (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose) were analyzed by standard procedures. Analysis of the examinees’ medical records was also performed. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The analysis of the research results were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science version 10.0 (SPSS 10.0 for Windows). The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 44.7% in men and 43.2% in women. Normal-weight subjects of both sexes were significantly younger and had significantly lower blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides than overweight and obese subjects. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly increased in parallel with increasing of BMI. For the whole sample, both anthropometric indices had significant associations with the other five components of MetSy. Waist circumference is a simple measure of adiposity most strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities. The results obtained in this study indicate that WC is a good indicator of health risk in women but not in men. Measurement of WC by BMI categories may indicate a person with an increased risk of development of chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of an Aged Black Garlic Extract in the Metabolic and Vascular Alterations Induced by a High Fat/Sucrose Diet in Male Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Amor ◽  
Daniel González-Hedström ◽  
Beatriz Martín-Carro ◽  
Antonio Inarejos-García ◽  
Paula Almodóvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Sucrose Diet ◽  
Aged Black Garlic

Aged black garlic (ABG) is a functional food with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies also report its beneficial metabolic effects in a context of obesity or diabetes, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of an ABG extract in the vascular and metabolic alterations induced by a high-fat/sucrose diet in rats. For this purpose, male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a standard chow (controls; n = 12) or a high-fat/sucrose diet (HFD; n = 24) for 16 weeks. From week 8 on, half of the HFD rats were treated with a commercial ABG extract concentrated in S-allyl cysteine and melanoidins (ABG10+®; 250 mg/kg daily by gavage; 5 mL/kg). ABG10+®-treated rats showed lower mean caloric intake, body weight, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), insulin and leptin serum concentrations and higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and adiponectin serum concentrations than non-treated rats. In the hypothalamus, ABG10+® treatment induced an increase in the gene expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and a decrease in leptin receptor (ObR) mRNA levels. No significant changes were found in visceral adipose tissue except for an overexpression of β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-ADR) in ABG-treated rats. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, ABG10+® treatment decreased adipose weight and downregulated the gene expression of PPAR-γ, LPL, ObR and HSL. In brown adipose tissue, an overexpression of InsR, GLUT-4, UCP-1 and β3-ADR in ABG10+®-treated rats was found, whereas PPAR-γ mRNA levels were significantly decreased. Regarding vascular function, ABG10+® treatment attenuated the obesity-induced vasoconstriction in response to potassium chloride both in presence/absence of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). On the contrary, aorta segments from ABG-treated rats showed and improved relaxation in response to acetylcholine only when PVAT was present, with this fact possible being related to the decreased gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines in this tissue. In conclusion, ABG10+® administration partially improves the metabolic and vascular alterations induced by a high-fat/high-sucrose diet in rats through modifications in the gene expression of proteins and neuropeptides involved in inflammation, fat metabolism and food intake regulation. Further studies are required to assess the bioavailability of ABG between rats and humans.

scholarly journals The Effect of Daily Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) Consumption on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Healthy Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3620
Author(s):  
Lindsey Miller ◽  
Kari Thompson ◽  
Carolina Pavlenco ◽  
Vijaya Saradhi Mettu ◽  
Hans Haverkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Interventions to decrease inflammation and improve metabolic function hold promise for the prevention of obesity-related diseases. Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring compound that demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Improvements in measures of metabolic health have been observed in mouse models of obesity and diabetes following MSM treatment. However, the effects of MSM on obesity-related diseases in humans have not been investigated. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine whether MSM supplementation improves cardiometabolic health, and markers of inflammation and oxidative status. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design was utilized with a total of 22 overweight or obese adults completing the study. Participants received either a placebo (white rice flour) or 3 g MSM daily for 16 weeks. Measurements occurred at baseline and after 4, 8, and 16 weeks. Outcome measures included fasting glucose, insulin, blood lipids, blood pressure, body composition, metabolic rate, and markers of inflammation and oxidative status. The primary finding of this work shows that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was elevated at 8 and 16 weeks of daily MSM consumption compared to baseline, (p = 0.008, p = 0.013). Our findings indicate that MSM supplementation may improve the cholesterol profile by resulting in higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

scholarly journals A cohort study on risk factors of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol hypolipidemia among urban Chinese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Tang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Stephen Nicholas ◽  
Dongfu Qian ◽  
Rugang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Urban Adults

Abstract Background High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) hypolipidemia, a major type of dyslipidemia, has been associated with many kinds of diseases, such as stroke, coronary heart disease, obesity and diabetes, and has displayed an increasing prevalence in China. This study explores the risk factors of HDL-C hypolipidemia and makes recommendations for controlling and preventing HDL-C hypolipidemia and the diseases caused by it. Methods Using a retrospective cohort study design, 26,863 urban adults without dyslipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hepatosis, renal insufficiency and thyroid diseases were enrolled in the study between 2010 and 2015. Data on each individual were collected at the 2010 baseline year and at a follow-up medical check. A Cox regression model was constructed to evaluate the influence of potential risk factors on the outcome event- HDL-C hypolipidemia. Results The incidence of HDL-C hypolipidemia was 5.7% (1531/26863). Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), HDL-C, triglyceride (TG) and urea nitrogen (UN) were significant risk factors of HDL-C hypolipidemia. Men were more likely to develop HDL-C hypolipidemia than women during follow-up medical checks (HR = 1.258, P = 0.014). The incidence of HDL-C hypolipidemia in the over 65 years old group was higher than that of the ≤65 age group (HR = 1.276, P = 0.009). The incidence of HDL-C hypolipidemia increased with increasing BMI (HR = 1.030, P = 0.002), TG (HR = 1.321, P = 0.001) and UN (HR = 1.054, P = 0.019), while falling with increasing HDL-C in the baseline year (HR = 0.002, P < 0.001). Conclusions Men, aged over 65, with high BMI were at the highest risk of developing HDL-C hypolipidemia. Measures should be taken to prevent HDL-C hypolipidemia even for healthy urban adults whose blood biochemical indicators were in the normal range when their level of TG, UN and HDL-C are closed to the border of the normal value range.

scholarly journals Birth Weight In Relation To Obesity And Diabetes Gene Expression In Healthy Infants; A Case- Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Cheshmeh ◽  
Shima Moradi ◽  
Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak ◽  
Arman Mohammadi ◽  
Azadeh Erfanifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Since obesity and diabetes are a prevalent phenomenon in the world, recognizing the factors affecting these two conditions can be effective in modifying them. We decided to investigate the expression of obesity and diabetes genes in infants with birth weight lower than 2500 g.Methods: The current case- control study was performed on 215 healthy infants aged 5-6 months which referred to health and treatment centers of Kermanshah. After measuring weight and height of the infant, the values were compared with the diagram of WHO to assure being healthy and well-grown and infants who were healthy, were selected to the study. 78 infants was in case group and 137 infants was in control group. 5 cc of intravenous blood was collected from all infants. Blood samples were collected in Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) coated vials to evaluate the expression of MC4R, MTNR1B, PTEN, ACACB, PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, (NRXN3 (NTRK2), (PCSK1), (A2BP1), (TMEM18), (LXR), (BDNF), (TCF7L2), (FTO) and (CPT1A) genes. The data was analysed by Chi square, Mann-Whitney U and Spearman tests.Results: An inverse significant correlation between birth weight and obesity and diabetes genes including MTNR1B, NTRK2, PCSK1, and PTEN genes (r= -0.221, -0.235, -0.246, and -0.418, respectively). In addition, the expression level of the mentioned genes in the LBW infant was significantly up-regulated than the normal weight infants (P= 0.001, 0.007, 0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The expression level of PPAR-a gene had significantly positive correlation with the birth weight (r= 0.19, P= 0.005). The expression level of PPAR-a gene in the normal weight infants was significantly up-regulated than the LBW infants (P= 0.049).Conclusion: Expression level of MTNR1B, NTRK2, PCSK1, and PTEN genes up-regulated in the LBW infants, however, the expression level of PPAR-a gene was significantly down regulated in the LBW infants compared to the infants with normal birth weight.

Abstract 12317: Sex Differences in Lipid Phenotypes Among Young Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lu ◽  
Rachel Dreyer ◽  
Peter Herbert ◽  
Michael Caulfield ◽  
Karthik Murugiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Introduction: Young women (≤55 years) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have higher rates of mortality and morbidity than similarly aged men. An abnormal lipid profile following AMI is a risk factor for recurrent cardiovascular events and may contribute to worse outcomes in young women. However, little is known about the extent to which young women and men with AMI have similar or distinct lipid profiles after hospital discharge. We characterized sex difference in lipid phenotypes in young patients with AMI. Methods: We included 2,217 AMI patients (715 men and 1,502 women) aged 18-55 years from the VIRGO study. Standard lipid profile and lipoprotein subclasses were measured 1-month after discharge for AMI. Both sexes were compared on three dyslipidemia phenotypes: 1) increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C≥100 mg/dL), 2) decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C<40 mg/dL for men, <50 mg/dL for women), and 3) increased small/medium LDL particles, decreased large HDL particles, and decreased LDL peak particle size (cutoffs based on sex-specific tertile values of healthy individuals). We also compared patient characteristics between sexes and used t-tests to assess statistical significance. Results: The median age was 48 years for both sexes. At baseline, women were more likely than men to be black, single, to have financial strain, obesity and diabetes (all P values<0.001). At 1-month after hospital discharge, women had higher rates of dyslipidemia phenotypes than men, including increased LDL-C (P=0.031, see Table) and an atherogenic phenotype characterized by multiple lipoprotein subclasses (P<0.001). The latter had the largest difference between men and women. The proportion of decreased HDL-C was similar for both sexes (P=0.300). Conclusion: Young women have higher rates of dyslipidemia phenotypes than men at 1-month after discharge for AMI. Effective interventions are needed to improve lipid control in young women with AMI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document