Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis in Lactating Cattle and Buffaloes by Comparative Intradermal Tuberculin Test and Bovine Gamma-Interferon Immunoassay

The present study was carried out to investigate the diagnostic potential of gamma interferon (IFN-ã) assay and single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SICTT), including species specification of bovine tuberculosis infection in different livestock farms of Assam and Meghalaya. A total of 199 animals (cattle and buffalo) were examined for bovine tuberculosis symptoms and swab samples were cultured. Biochemical tests and PCR were used for species specification of bovine tuberculosis. Out of 199 cases examined, 33 (16.58%) showed positive for SICTT, 39 (19.59%) for IFN-ã and 35(17.59%) for PCR. Based on PCR targeting pncA region, the confirmation was done for M. Bovis. IFN-ã thus ensures a sensitive and specific detection of early bovine tuberculosis infection together with SICTT and hence may be considered as a screening method of choice.

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Using of Gamma Interferon γ-IFN and Multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis in Dairy Herds in Egypt

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.47278/journal.ijvs/2021.035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 229-233

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Genomic Sequence ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Assay Sensitivity

Many diagnostic tools are essential for Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) eradication program. This study aimed to apply γ-IFN assay to detect bovine tuberculosis and multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for rapid identification of Mycobacterial isolates. A total no. of 150 cattle in 10 small farms at different Governorates in Egypt, were previously gave suspected results with comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCT), they retested after 60 days later again with SICCT and bovine gamma-interferon (γ-IFN) immunoassay. Eighty-seven (58%) out of total 150 animals were +ve reactors by SICCT test while 80 (53.3%) animals gave +ve γ-IFN assay. The isolated M. bovis by conventional culturing and identification tests were +ve 55 (63.2%) out 87. The γ-IFN assay sensitivity and specificity gave 82.9% and 93.8% respectively. For rapid identification of different mycobacterial isolates using m-PCR two set of primers were used. The first set gave 123bp DNA PCR product expressing IS6110 insertion element for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTBC). The other one gave 500bp from RvD1Rv2031c genomic sequence definite to M. bovis. M-PCR findings were in a concordance with results of conventional culturing and identification tests with high sensitivity and specificity (100%). From this study, it is concluded that diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) used tuberculin test and γ-IFN assay with m-PCR for rapid identification M. bovis isolates in living herds.

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Assessment of the sensitivity of the gamma-interferon test and the single intradermal comparative cervical test for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis under field conditions

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814000338 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (1) ◽

pp. 157-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

A. PRAUD ◽

M. L. BOSCHIROLI ◽

L. MEYER ◽

B. GARIN-BASTUJI ◽

B. DUFOUR

Keyword(s):

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Skin Tests ◽

Economic Losses ◽

The European Union ◽

Testing Scheme ◽

Serial Testing ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Individual

SUMMARYIn some French départements, the eradication of bovine tuberculosis is incomplete and usual skin tests [single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and single intradermal comparative cervical test (SICCT)] have poor specificity due to cross-reactions with non-pathogenic mycobacteria, causing economic losses. In Côte d'Or (Burgundy, France), an experimental serial testing scheme based on the combination of SICCT and gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) tests has been initiated in order to shorten the interval between suspicion and its invalidation in herds with false-positive results to skin tests. Our aim was to assess the scheme's sensitivity and to compare it to the sensitivity of the screening scheme recommended by the European Commission. Our study included 1768 animals from Côte d'Or. The sensitivities of both schemes were estimated using a Bayesian approach. The individual sensitivity of the IFN-γtest [88·1%, 95% credibility interval (CrI) 72·8–97·5] was not significantly different from individual SICCT sensitivity (80·3%, 95% CrI 61·6–98·0) and individual SIT sensitivity (84·2%, 95% CrI 59·0–98·2). The individual specificity of the IFN-γtest was 62·3% (95% CrI 60·2–64·5). No significant difference could be demonstrated between the sensitivities of the serial testing scheme used in Côte d'Or (73·1%, 95% CrI 41·1–100) and the European Union serial testing scheme (70·1%, 95% CrI 31·5–100·0).

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Immune Responses to Defined Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium kansasii

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00054-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 611-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

W. R. Waters ◽

M. V. Palmer ◽

T. C. Thacker ◽

J. B. Payeur ◽

N. B. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Specific Serum ◽

Specific Proteins

ABSTRACT Cross-reactive responses elicited by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria often confound the interpretation of antemortem tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. The use of specific proteins (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB83), however, generally enhances the specificity of bovine tuberculosis tests. While genes for these proteins are absent from many nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are present in M. kansasii. Instillation of M. kansasii into the tonsillar crypts of calves elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro gamma interferon and nitrite concentration responses of leukocytes to M. avium and M. bovis purified protein derivatives (PPDs). While the responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to M. avium and M. bovis PPDs were approximately equivalent, the responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to M. bovis PPD exceeded their respective responses to M. avium PPD. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to recombinant ESAT-6-CFP-10 (rESAT-6-CFP-10) exceeded corresponding responses of noninoculated calves as early as 15 and 30 days after inoculation, respectively, and persisted throughout the study. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to rESAT-6-CFP-10 exceeded the corresponding responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves beginning 30 days after inoculation. By using a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum antibodies were detected as early as 50 days after challenge with M. kansasii. By a multiantigen print immunoassay and immunoblotting, serum antibodies to MPB83, but not ESAT-6 or CFP-10, were detected in M. kansasii-inoculated calves; however, responses to MPB83 were notably weaker than those elicited by M. bovis infection. These findings indicate that M. kansasii infection of calves elicits specific responses that may confound the interpretation of bovine tuberculosis tests.

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Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/5730-vetmed ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 406-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. I B Cadmus ◽

N. N Atsanda ◽

S. O Oni ◽

E. E U Akang

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Molecular Typing ◽

Human Population ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Cattle Herd ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Risk Of Infection ◽

Cultural Isolation ◽

Male Animal

Bovine tuberculosis was investigated in one private herd with 171 cattle after five cases were suspected to be tuberculous following post mortem examination. Using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test 18 (10.5%) animals (ages from 2 to 12 years) were positive: 11 animals of N’dama breed and seven animals of White Fulani (i.e. Bunaji) breed; 17 female and one male animal. In all 11 randomly selected positive reactors, a spectrum of tuberculous lesions affecting the lungs, spleen, heart, liver, and the lymph nodes were observed. All the smear samples obtained were positive for acid-fast bacilli; cultural isolation confirmed the growth of mycobacteria on pyruvate-enriched Loewenstein-Jensen medium, which were identified by molecular typing to be Mycobacterium bovis. This study demonstrates widespread infection in this cattle herd and potential risk of infection for the human population with M. bovis.

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Evaluation of the McLintock syringe as a cause of non-specific reactions in the intradermal tuberculin test used for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.025 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 ◽

pp. 175-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Roy ◽

A. Díez-Guerrier ◽

J. Ortega ◽

M.L. de la Cruz ◽

J.L. Sáez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Specific Reactions

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Assessment of the specificity of a gamma-interferon test performed with specific antigens to detect bovine tuberculosis, after non-negative results to intradermal tuberculin testing

Veterinary Record Open ◽

10.1136/vetreco-2019-000335 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne Praud ◽

Clémence Bourély ◽

Maria-Laura Boschiroli ◽

Barbara Dufour

Keyword(s):

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Skin Tests ◽

Negative Results ◽

In Series ◽

Specific Antigens ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Tuberculin Testing ◽

Cattle Herds ◽

Higher Sensitivity

In cattle herds in France, cervical skin tests (STs) using simple intradermal tuberculin (SIT) are performed to detect bovine tuberculosis (bTB). When positive results are found on ST screening, the herd is considered to be ‘under suspicion’ and confined, raising economic issues. The suspicion can be lifted by carrying out a single intradermal cervical comparative test (SICCT) at least six weeks later.The authors conducted an experimental study in France between 2013 and 2015 to assess the accuracy of the gamma-interferon test (IFN-γ), used in series after a non-negative result to ST screening, and to study the possibility of replacing the SICCT performed six weeks later by an IFN performed within a few days. Data were collected concerning 40 infected and 1825 bTB-free animals from herds with non-negative results to ST screening. This study showed that the IFN-γ test based on specific antigens and performed within a few days of a non-negative result to the ST has higher sensitivity than the SICCT performed six weeks later and equal specificity. The IFN test is more convenient to perform; however, it is more expensive. The IFN-γ test based on MIX antigens may be a useful alternative to the SICCT, to shorten the confinement period of suspect herds without underdetecting bTB.

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Development of a test for bovine tuberculosis in cattle based on measurement of gamma interferon mRNA by real-time PCR

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.101552 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 173 (5) ◽

pp. 117-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

W. Gan ◽

X. Zhou ◽

H. Yang ◽

H. Chen ◽

J. Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Gamma Interferon

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Distinct Response Kinetics of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-4 in Bovine Tuberculosis

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.68.9.5393-5400.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (9) ◽

pp. 5393-5400 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

S. G. Rhodes ◽

N. Palmer ◽

S. P. Graham ◽

A. E. Bianco ◽

R. G. Hewinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Early Increase ◽

Onchocerca Ochengi ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Bovine Tuberculin ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Experimental Challenge

ABSTRACT This study shows that gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokine responses are produced by peripheral blood cells in cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis. The different kinetics of the IFN-γ and IL-4 responses to bovine tuberculin and to ESAT-6 following experimental intratracheal infection with M. bovis are described. An early increase in IFN-γ was observed that was maintained throughout the period studied. In contrast, the IL-4 response was delayed and confined to a peak of activity lasting 6 to 8 weeks. Interestingly, an experimental challenge of cattle with a lower dose of M. bovis which did not result in the development of lesions, positive DTH skin test, or substantial IFN-γ responses nevertheless generated strong specific IL-4 responses. Investigation of naturally infected M. bovis field reactors showed increased IFN-γ and IL-4 responses compared to uninfected cattle and that both of these cytokines were equally able to differentiate infected from uninfected animals. The magnitude of theM. bovis-induced IL-4 responses were found to be similar to the antigen-specific IL-4 responses of cattle infected with the parasitic nematode Onchocerca ochengi, further supporting the presence of this type 2 cytokine in bovine tuberculosis.

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Factors Affecting Herd Status for Bovine Tuberculosis in Dairy Cattle in Northern Thailand

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2017/2964389 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tawatchai Singhla ◽

Sukolrat Boonyayatra ◽

Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽

Kimberly L. VanderWaal ◽

Julio Alvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Tuberculin Test ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Case Control ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Northern Thailand ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Control Study

The objective of this case-control study was to identify farm-level risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in dairy cows in northern Thailand. Spatial analysis was performed to identify geographical clustering of case-farms located in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces in northern Thailand. To identify management factors affecting bTB status, a matched case-control study was conducted with 20 case-farms and 38 control-farms. Case-farms were dairy farms with at least single intradermal tuberculin test- (SIT-) reactor(s) in the farms during 2011 to 2015. Control-farms were dairy farms with no SIT-reactors in the same period and located within 5 km from case-farms. Questionnaires were administered for data collection with questions based on epidemiological plausibility and characteristics of the local livestock industry. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions. A significant geographic cluster was identified only in Chiang Mai province (p<0.05). The risk factor associated with presence of SIT-reactors in dairy herds located in this region was purchasing dairy cows from dealers (OR = 5.85, 95% CI = 1.66–20.58, and p=0.006). From this study, it was concluded that geographic clustering was identified for dairy farms with SIT-reactors in these provinces, and the cattle movements through cattle dealers increased the risks for SIT-reactor farm status.

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