scholarly journals Distinct Response Kinetics of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-4 in Bovine Tuberculosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 5393-5400 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Rhodes ◽  
N. Palmer ◽  
S. P. Graham ◽  
A. E. Bianco ◽  
R. G. Hewinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Bovine Tuberculin ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Experimental Challenge

ABSTRACT This study shows that gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokine responses are produced by peripheral blood cells in cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis. The different kinetics of the IFN-γ and IL-4 responses to bovine tuberculin and to ESAT-6 following experimental intratracheal infection with M. bovis are described. An early increase in IFN-γ was observed that was maintained throughout the period studied. In contrast, the IL-4 response was delayed and confined to a peak of activity lasting 6 to 8 weeks. Interestingly, an experimental challenge of cattle with a lower dose of M. bovis which did not result in the development of lesions, positive DTH skin test, or substantial IFN-γ responses nevertheless generated strong specific IL-4 responses. Investigation of naturally infected M. bovis field reactors showed increased IFN-γ and IL-4 responses compared to uninfected cattle and that both of these cytokines were equally able to differentiate infected from uninfected animals. The magnitude of theM. bovis-induced IL-4 responses were found to be similar to the antigen-specific IL-4 responses of cattle infected with the parasitic nematode Onchocerca ochengi, further supporting the presence of this type 2 cytokine in bovine tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Role of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-4 in Host Defense against the Human Filarial Parasite Brugia malayi

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 3034-3035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Babu ◽  
Lisa M. Ganley ◽  
Thomas R. Klei ◽  
Leonard D. Shultz ◽  
T. V. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Canonical Type ◽  
Time Required

ABSTRACT We have investigated the roles of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in host defense against Brugia malayi. Our data suggest that the lack of either IFN-γ or IL-4 prolongs the time required to achieve sterile immunity, suggesting that both canonical type 1 and type 2 responses are involved in the clearance of infection.

scholarly journals Populations of Human T Lymphocytes That Traverse the Vascular Endothelium Stimulated by Borrelia burgdorferi Are Enriched with Cells That Secrete Gamma Interferon

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1530-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna I. Gergel ◽  
Martha B. Furie
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Some diseases are characterized by prevalence in the affected tissues of type 1 T lymphocytes, which secrete gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and other proinflammatory cytokines. For example, type 1 T cells predominate in the lesions of patients with Lyme disease, which is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. We used an in vitro model of the blood vessel wall to test the premise that the vascular endothelium actively recruits circulating type 1 T cells to such lesions. When T lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood were examined, the populations that traversed monolayers of resting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or HUVEC stimulated by interleukin-1β or B. burgdorferi were markedly enriched for T cells that produced IFN-γ compared to the initially added population of T cells. No enrichment was seen for cells that produced interleukin-4, a marker for type 2 T lymphocytes. Very late antigen-4 and CD11/CD18 integrins mediated passage of the T cells across both resting and stimulated HUVEC, and the endothelium-derived chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) was responsible for the enhanced migration of T cells across stimulated HUVEC. These results suggest that the vascular endothelium may contribute to the selective accumulation of type 1 T cells in certain pathological lesions, including those of Lyme disease.

scholarly journals Gamma Interferon Produced by Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells Regulates the Mucosal Immune Responses to Citrobacter rodentium Infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 2653-2666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Shiomi ◽  
Atsuhiro Masuda ◽  
Shin Nishiumi ◽  
Masayuki Nishida ◽  
Tetsuya Takagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Citrobacter Rodentium ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Citrobacter rodentium, a murine model pathogen for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, colonizes the surface of intestinal epithelial cells and causes mucosal inflammation. This bacterium is an ideal model for investigating pathogen-host immune interactions in the gut. It is well known that gene transcripts for Th1 cytokines are highly induced in colonic tissue from mice infected with C. rodentium. However, it remains to be seen whether the Th1 or Th2 cytokines produced by antigen-specific CD4+ T cells provide effective regulation of the host immune defense against C. rodentium infection. To investigate the antigen-specific immune responses, C. rodentium expressing ovalbumin (OVA-C. rodentium), a model antigen, was generated and used to define antigen-specific responses under gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-deficient or interleukin-4 (IL-4)-deficient conditions in vivo. The activation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells and macrophage phagocytosis were evaluated in the presence of IFN-γ or IL-4 in vitro. IFN-γ-deficient mice exhibited a loss of body weight and a higher bacterial concentration in feces during OVA-C. rodentium infection than C57BL/6 (wild type) or IL-4-deficient mice. This occurred through the decreased efficiency of macrophage phagocytosis and the activation of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, a deficiency in antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell-expressed IFN-γ led to a higher susceptibility to mucosal and gut-derived systemic OVA-C. rodentium infection. These results show that the IFN-γ produced by antigen-specific CD4+ T cells plays an important role in the defense against C. rodentium.

scholarly journals Assessment of the specificity of a gamma-interferon test performed with specific antigens to detect bovine tuberculosis, after non-negative results to intradermal tuberculin testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Praud ◽  
Clémence Bourély ◽  
Maria-Laura Boschiroli ◽  
Barbara Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
In Series ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Tuberculin Testing ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

In cattle herds in France, cervical skin tests (STs) using simple intradermal tuberculin (SIT) are performed to detect bovine tuberculosis (bTB). When positive results are found on ST screening, the herd is considered to be ‘under suspicion’ and confined, raising economic issues. The suspicion can be lifted by carrying out a single intradermal cervical comparative test (SICCT) at least six weeks later.The authors conducted an experimental study in France between 2013 and 2015 to assess the accuracy of the gamma-interferon test (IFN-γ), used in series after a non-negative result to ST screening, and to study the possibility of replacing the SICCT performed six weeks later by an IFN performed within a few days. Data were collected concerning 40 infected and 1825 bTB-free animals from herds with non-negative results to ST screening. This study showed that the IFN-γ test based on specific antigens and performed within a few days of a non-negative result to the ST has higher sensitivity than the SICCT performed six weeks later and equal specificity. The IFN test is more convenient to perform; however, it is more expensive. The IFN-γ test based on MIX antigens may be a useful alternative to the SICCT, to shorten the confinement period of suspect herds without underdetecting bTB.

scholarly journals An Early Intestinal Mucosal Source of Gamma Interferon Is Associated with Resistance to and Control of Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 8425-8428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Leav ◽  
Masaru Yoshida ◽  
Kathleen Rogers ◽  
Seth Cohen ◽  
Nihal Godiwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Intraepithelial Lymphocytes ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Rapid Kinetics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT Resistance to and control of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in mice in the absence of adaptive immunity appears to be gamma interferon (IFN-γ) dependent. Using an IFN-γ-neutralizing antibody in a murine model, we demonstrated increased susceptibility to infection within 24 h. We correlated this early resistance and control with increased mucosal expression of IFN-γ and demonstrate that CD8+ T-cell receptor αβ intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes express and secrete this cytokine shortly after infection. The rapid kinetics of IFN-γ expression and secretion by naive CD8+ T cells in response to a protozoan pathogen have not previously been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Equine Neonates Have Attenuated Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to a Killed Adjuvanted Vaccine Compared to Adult Horses

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1896-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Ryan ◽  
Steeve Giguère
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Adjuvanted Vaccine ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to compare relative vaccine-specific serum immunoglobulin concentrations, vaccine-specific lymphoproliferative responses, and cytokine profiles of proliferating lymphocytes between 3-day-old foals, 3-month-old foals, and adult horses after vaccination with a killed adjuvanted vaccine. Horses were vaccinated intramuscularly twice at 3-week intervals with a vaccine containing antigens from bovine viral respiratory pathogens to avoid interference from maternal antibody. Both groups of foals and adult horses responded to the vaccine with a significant increase in vaccine-specific IgGa and IgG(T) concentrations. In contrast, only adult horses and 3-month-old foals mounted significant vaccine-specific total IgG, IgGb, and IgM responses. Vaccine-specific concentrations of IgM and IgG(T) were significantly different between all groups, with the highest concentrations occurring in adult horses, followed by 3-month-old foals and, finally, 3-day-old foals. Only the adult horses mounted significant vaccine-specific lymphoproliferative responses. Baseline gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) concentrations were significantly lower in 3-day-old foals than in adult horses. Vaccination resulted in a significant decrease in IFN-γ concentrations in adult horses and a significant decrease in IL-4 concentrations in 3-day-old foals. After vaccination, the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in both groups of foals was significantly higher than that in adult horses. The results of this study indicate that the humoral and lymphoproliferative immune responses to this killed adjuvanted vaccine are modest in newborn foals. Although immune responses improve with age, 3-month-old foals do not respond with the same magnitude as adult horses.

scholarly journals Cattle Husbandry in Ethiopia Is a Predominant Factor Affecting the Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis and Gamma Interferon Responses to Mycobacterial Antigens

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
Howard Engers ◽  
Douglas Young ◽  
Glyn Hewinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens ◽  
Cattle Husbandry

ABSTRACT Bovine tuberculosis is a major economic problem and a potential public health risk. Improved diagnostics like the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) test with ESAT6 and/or CFP10 could contribute to the control program. We assessed IFN-γ responses in zebu (Ethiopian Arsi breed) and Holstein cattle kept indoors or in a pasture to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) and an ESAT6-CFP10 protein cocktail. Furthermore, the intensity and distribution of pathology of bovine tuberculosis were compared between the two breeds. Our data demonstrated significantly (all P < 0.02) higher IFN-γ responses to avian PPD, bovine PPD, and the ESAT6-CFP10 protein cocktail in Holstein than in zebu cattle, while lesion severities in infected animals and tuberculin skin test responses did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between the two breeds. Holstein cattle that were kept indoors produced significantly (all P < 0.01) higher IFN-γ levels in response to avian PPD, bovine PPD, and the ESAT6-CFP10 protein cocktail than did Holstein cattle kept in a pasture. Moreover, lesion severity was significantly higher in Holstein cattle kept indoors (P = 0.001) than in those kept in the pasture. Lesions were localized predominantly in the digestive tract in cattle kept in a pasture, while they were localized in the respiratory tract in cattle kept indoors. In conclusion, in Holstein cattle, husbandry was a dominant factor influencing the severity of tuberculosis lesions and IFN-γ responses to mycobacterial antigens compared to breed. A difference in the cellular immune response between zebu and Holstein cattle was observed, while tuberculosis lesion severities were identical in the two breeds, when both were kept in a pasture.

scholarly journals The Early Kinetics of Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses Are Not Affected by Antigen Load or the Absence of Perforin or Gamma Interferon

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 4931-4937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Andrews ◽  
Christopher E. Andoniou ◽  
Peter Fleming ◽  
Mark J. Smyth ◽  
Mariapia A. Degli-Esposti
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Murine Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
T Cell Expansion ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACT Both innate and adaptive immune responses participate in the control of murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV) infection. In some mouse strains, like BALB/c, the control of infection relies on the activities of CD8+ T cells. mCMV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses are unusual in that, even after mCMV has been controlled in the periphery, the numbers of circulating virus-specific CD8+ T cells remain high compared to those observed in other viral infections. To better understand the generation and maintenance of mCMV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, we evaluated how antigen load and effector molecules, such as perforin (Prf) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ), influence these responses during acute infection in vivo. Viral burden affected the magnitude, but not the early kinetics, of antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. Similarly, the magnitude of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell expansion was affected by Prf and IFN-γ, but contraction of antigen-specific responses occurred normally in both Prf- and IFN-γ-deficient mice. These data indicate that control of mCMV-specific CD8+ T-cell expansion and contraction is more complex than anticipated and, despite the role of Prf or IFN-γ in controlling viral replication, a full program of T-cell expansion and contraction can occur in their absence.

scholarly journals Levels of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-4 Are Inversely Related to the Levels of Their Corresponding Autoantibodies in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 3051-3054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rihab ElKarim ◽  
Carl Granert ◽  
Lars Lindquist ◽  
Hans Link ◽  
Moiz Bakhiet
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Fab Fragments ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT To study the involvement of cytokines and their corresponding autoantibodies (Aabs) in inflammatory mechanisms in patients with lower respiratory tract infections, blood samples were taken from patients at the time of admission to the hospital and before treatment. Cell-released capturing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced spontaneously by peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC). ELISA was used to measure Aabs to these cytokines in sera. The levels of both cytokines were inversely related to the levels of their corresponding Aabs. While a high level of IFN-γ was observed together with a low level of anti-IFN-γ Aab, decreased IL-4 levels were observed with increased levels of Aabs to IL-4. Immunoglobulins were purified, digested to obtain Fab fragments, and tested for specificity and cross-reactivity. The Aabs and their Fab fragments were tested in cytokine biological assays and showed neutralizing effects. Our data demonstrated increased levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and decreased release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 during early presentation of lower respiratory tract infection. The levels of these cytokines were inversely related to the levels of their corresponding Aabs that exhibited regulatory effects on the cytokine biological function in vitro.

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