scholarly journals Assessment of the specificity of a gamma-interferon test performed with specific antigens to detect bovine tuberculosis, after non-negative results to intradermal tuberculin testing

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Praud ◽  
Clémence Bourély ◽  
Maria-Laura Boschiroli ◽  
Barbara Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
In Series ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Tuberculin Testing ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

In cattle herds in France, cervical skin tests (STs) using simple intradermal tuberculin (SIT) are performed to detect bovine tuberculosis (bTB). When positive results are found on ST screening, the herd is considered to be ‘under suspicion’ and confined, raising economic issues. The suspicion can be lifted by carrying out a single intradermal cervical comparative test (SICCT) at least six weeks later.The authors conducted an experimental study in France between 2013 and 2015 to assess the accuracy of the gamma-interferon test (IFN-γ), used in series after a non-negative result to ST screening, and to study the possibility of replacing the SICCT performed six weeks later by an IFN performed within a few days. Data were collected concerning 40 infected and 1825 bTB-free animals from herds with non-negative results to ST screening. This study showed that the IFN-γ test based on specific antigens and performed within a few days of a non-negative result to the ST has higher sensitivity than the SICCT performed six weeks later and equal specificity. The IFN test is more convenient to perform; however, it is more expensive. The IFN-γ test based on MIX antigens may be a useful alternative to the SICCT, to shorten the confinement period of suspect herds without underdetecting bTB.

scholarly journals Distinct Response Kinetics of Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-4 in Bovine Tuberculosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 5393-5400 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Rhodes ◽  
N. Palmer ◽  
S. P. Graham ◽  
A. E. Bianco ◽  
R. G. Hewinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Early Increase ◽  
Onchocerca Ochengi ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Bovine Tuberculin ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Experimental Challenge

ABSTRACT This study shows that gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokine responses are produced by peripheral blood cells in cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis. The different kinetics of the IFN-γ and IL-4 responses to bovine tuberculin and to ESAT-6 following experimental intratracheal infection with M. bovis are described. An early increase in IFN-γ was observed that was maintained throughout the period studied. In contrast, the IL-4 response was delayed and confined to a peak of activity lasting 6 to 8 weeks. Interestingly, an experimental challenge of cattle with a lower dose of M. bovis which did not result in the development of lesions, positive DTH skin test, or substantial IFN-γ responses nevertheless generated strong specific IL-4 responses. Investigation of naturally infected M. bovis field reactors showed increased IFN-γ and IL-4 responses compared to uninfected cattle and that both of these cytokines were equally able to differentiate infected from uninfected animals. The magnitude of theM. bovis-induced IL-4 responses were found to be similar to the antigen-specific IL-4 responses of cattle infected with the parasitic nematode Onchocerca ochengi, further supporting the presence of this type 2 cytokine in bovine tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Cattle Husbandry in Ethiopia Is a Predominant Factor Affecting the Pathology of Bovine Tuberculosis and Gamma Interferon Responses to Mycobacterial Antigens

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
Howard Engers ◽  
Douglas Young ◽  
Glyn Hewinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Holstein Cattle ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Mycobacterial Antigens ◽  
Cattle Husbandry

ABSTRACT Bovine tuberculosis is a major economic problem and a potential public health risk. Improved diagnostics like the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) test with ESAT6 and/or CFP10 could contribute to the control program. We assessed IFN-γ responses in zebu (Ethiopian Arsi breed) and Holstein cattle kept indoors or in a pasture to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) and an ESAT6-CFP10 protein cocktail. Furthermore, the intensity and distribution of pathology of bovine tuberculosis were compared between the two breeds. Our data demonstrated significantly (all P < 0.02) higher IFN-γ responses to avian PPD, bovine PPD, and the ESAT6-CFP10 protein cocktail in Holstein than in zebu cattle, while lesion severities in infected animals and tuberculin skin test responses did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between the two breeds. Holstein cattle that were kept indoors produced significantly (all P < 0.01) higher IFN-γ levels in response to avian PPD, bovine PPD, and the ESAT6-CFP10 protein cocktail than did Holstein cattle kept in a pasture. Moreover, lesion severity was significantly higher in Holstein cattle kept indoors (P = 0.001) than in those kept in the pasture. Lesions were localized predominantly in the digestive tract in cattle kept in a pasture, while they were localized in the respiratory tract in cattle kept indoors. In conclusion, in Holstein cattle, husbandry was a dominant factor influencing the severity of tuberculosis lesions and IFN-γ responses to mycobacterial antigens compared to breed. A difference in the cellular immune response between zebu and Holstein cattle was observed, while tuberculosis lesion severities were identical in the two breeds, when both were kept in a pasture.

scholarly journals Clinical and Diagnostic Developments of a Gamma Interferon Release Assay for Use in Bovine Tuberculosis Control Programs

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1827-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Bass ◽  
B. J. Nonnecke ◽  
M. V. Palmer ◽  
T. C. Thacker ◽  
R. Hardegger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTCurrently, the Bovigam assay is used as an official supplemental test within bovine tuberculosis control programs. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate twoMycobacterium bovis-specific peptide cocktails and purified protein derivatives (PPDs) from two sources, liquid and lyophilized antigen preparations. PPDs and peptide cocktails were also used for comparison of a second-generation gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assay kit with the currently licensed first-generation kit (Bovigam; Prionics AG). Three strains ofM. boviswere used for experimental challenge:M. bovis95-1315,M. bovisRavenel, andM. bovis10-7428. Additionally, samples from a tuberculosis-affected herd (i.e., naturally infected) were evaluated. Robust responses to both peptide cocktails, HP (PC-HP) and ESAT-6/CFP10 (PC-EC), and the PPDs were elicited as early as 3 weeks after challenge. Only minor differences in responses to Commonwealth Serum Laboratories (CSL) and Lelystad PPDs were detected with samples from experimentally infected animals. For instance, responses to LelystadM. avium-derived PPD (PPDa) exceeded the respective responses to the CSL PPDa inM. bovisRavenel-infected and control animals. However, a 1:4 dilution of stimulated plasma demonstrated greater separation of PPDb from PPDa responses (i.e., PPDb minus PPDa) with the use of Lelystad PPDs, suggesting that Lelystad PPDs provide greater diagnostic sensitivity than CSL PPDs. The responses to lyophilized and liquid antigen preparations did not differ. Responses detected with first- and second-generation IFN-γ release assay kits (Bovigam) did not differ throughout the study. In conclusion, antigens may be stored in a lyophilized state without loss in potency, PC-HP and PC-EC are dependable biomarkers for aiding in the detection of bovine tuberculosis, and second-generation Bovigam kits are comparable to currently used kits.

Meta-analysis of field studies on bovine tuberculosis skin tests in United States cattle herds

2012 ◽  
Vol 103 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 234-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
MacDonald W. Farnham ◽  
Bo Norby ◽  
Tim J. Goldsmith ◽  
Scott J. Wells
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Cattle Herds

scholarly journals Comparison of recombinant MPB70 and SahH and a native 20-kDa protein for the detection of bovine tuberculosis by ELISA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Sang Cho ◽  
Sang Eun Lee ◽  
Jong-Tae Woo ◽  
Jinsik Oh ◽  
Hwan Won Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
False Negative ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Diagnostic Window

Abstract Background Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonosis mainly caused by Mycobacterium bovis . Test-and-cull protocols and gross pathological examinations of abattoir animals as well as milk pasteurisation have been implemented for preventing the spread of tuberculosis from animals to humans worldwide, including in the Republic of Korea. Despite the importance of precise and rapid diagnostic tests, conventional methods, including intradermal skin tests and γ-interferon assays, are limited by the high rate of false negative results for cattle in the late infectious stage as well as laborious and time-consuming procedures. Therefore, antibody detection methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), are urgently needed to supplement established approaches and to expand the diagnostic window. In this study, we developed a bTB ELISA by evaluating candidate recombinant and native proteins and various assay parameters.Results We produced recombinant MPB70 and SahH (rM70S) and a native 20-kDa protein (20K). The 20K ELISA showed 94.4% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity and had an optimal sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio cut-off of 0.531. rM70S ELISA showed 94.4% sensitivity and 97.3% specificity with an S/N ratio cutoff of 1.696.Conclusion The assays showed the same sensitivity but the specificity was higher for 20K ELISA than for rM70S ELISA. Both assays had acceptable diagnostic efficiency and are expected to be useful for bTB diagnosis in combination with established methods for herd screening and for expanding the diagnostic window.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin against Bovine Tuberculosis in Neonatal Calves in Ethiopia

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1533-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobena Ameni ◽  
Martin Vordermeier ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
Douglas B. Young ◽  
R. Glyn Hewinson
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Tuberculin Testing ◽  
Test Reactor ◽  
Present Trial ◽  
Interferon Responses

ABSTRACT In developing countries, the conventional test and slaughter strategy for the control of bovine tuberculosis is prohibitively expensive, and alternative control methods such as vaccination are urgently required. In this study, the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) for protection against bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was evaluated in Holstein calves under field conditions in Ethiopia. Thirteen neonatally vaccinated and 14 control calves were exposed for 10 to 23 months to skin test reactor cows. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) testing, comparative intradermal tuberculin testing, postmortem examination, and bacteriological culture were used for the evaluation of BCG efficacy. The overall mean pathology score was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in control calves than in vaccinated calves. Culture positivity for Mycobacterium bovis was higher in the control calves than in the vaccinated calves, and significantly more BCG-vaccinated animals would have passed a standard meat inspection (P = 0.021). Overall, the protective efficacy of BCG was between 56% and 68%, depending on the parameters selected. Moreover, by measuring gamma interferon responses to the antigens ESAT-6 and CFP-10, which are present in M. bovis but absent from BCG, throughout the experiment, we were able to distinguish between vaccinated animals that were protected against bTB and those animals that were not protected. In conclusion, the present trial demonstrated an encouraging protective effect of BCG against bTB in a natural transmission setting in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Analysis of Possible Factors Affecting the Specificity of the Gamma Interferon Test in Tuberculosis-Free Cattle Herds

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 952-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cagiola ◽  
F. Feliziani ◽  
G. Severi ◽  
P. Pasquali ◽  
D. Rutili
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Bovine Tuberculin

ABSTRACT Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is still a zoonotic problem in the world. Despite the fact that eradication programs for bovine TB are being implemented in many countries, it remains a public health problem. These programs are mainly based on a single intradermal tuberculin test using bovine tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD), isolation, and slaughtering of infected animals. The aim of this study was to assess the specificity of the gamma interferon (IFN-γ) test in TB-free cattle herds, by using not only Australian tuberculins but also tuberculins produced at our institute, and to correlate the response with the type of production (beef cattle, dairy cattle, and a dual-purpose breed), the housing system, and the age of the animals. We studied 800 animals selected from 20 TB- and paratuberculosis-free herds. The animals were tested in parallel, after stimulation with Australian tuberculins and tuberculins produced at our institute, by using the skin test and two IFN-γ assays. The results of this trial showed that the specificity of the IFN-γ test is higher than that of the skin test (96.8%) and ranges from 97.3% (using only Australian tuberculins) to 98.6% (using tuberculins produced at our institute). We found that different categories of cattle could influence the specificity of the skin test but that these differences tended to be reduced in the IFN-γ assay, especially when Italian PPDs were used.

scholarly journals Interpretation of the Gamma Interferon Test for Diagnosis of Subclinical Paratuberculosis in Cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jungersen ◽  
A. Huda ◽  
J. J. Hansen ◽  
P. Lind
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Interpretation Criteria ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT A group of 252 cattle without clinical signs of paratuberculosis (paraTB) in 10 herds infected with paraTB and a group of 117 cattle in 5 herds without paraTB were selected. Whole-blood samples were stimulated with bovine, avian, and johnin purified protein derivative (PPD) and examined for gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release. For diagnosis of paraTB, satisfactory estimated specificities (95 to 99%) could be obtained by johnin PPD stimulation irrespective of interpretation relative to bovine PPD or no-antigen stimulation alone, but numbers of test positives in the infected herds varied from 64 to 112 with different interpretation criteria. For a limited number of test-positive animals, no change in the test results could be observed with increasing antigen concentrations but IFN-γ responses were significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) and four out of seven reactors tested negative when stimulation was performed on day-old samples. Denmark is free of bovine tuberculosis, but cross-reactivity with paraTB could be documented for cattle more than 14 months old in paraTB-infected herds compared with those in non-paraTB-infected herds. In both paraTB-free and paraTB-infected herds, false positives were observed when the test was applied to calves less than 15 months of age. Until novel antigen formulations more specific for these diseases are available, interpretation of the IFN-γ test must be individually adjusted to fit specific needs and the context within which the test is applied and, for paraTB, the test seems most appropriate for use as a supportive tool for evaluation of disease-preventive measures in young stock.

scholarly journals Tuberculin-Purified Protein Derivative-, MPT-64-, and ESAT-6-Stimulated Gamma Interferon Responses in Medical Students before and after Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination and in Patients with Tuberculosis

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 934-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. R. Johnson ◽  
R. L. Stuart ◽  
M. L. Grayson ◽  
D. Olden ◽  
A. Clancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Interferon Responses

ABSTRACT QuantiFERON-TB (QIFN) (CSL Limited) is a whole-blood assay for the recognition of infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis. QIFN measures gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production when purified protein derivatives (PPDs) of mycobacteria are incubated with venous blood samples. The specificity of QIFN in medical students before and after BCG immunization was assessed, and sensitivity in patients with tuberculosis was assessed. Antigens were PPD derived from M. tuberculosis and twoM. tuberculosis-specific proteins, ESAT-6 and MPT-64. Of 60 medical students, all of whom had 0-mm tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) at study entry, 58 (97%) were initially classified as negative forM. tuberculosis infection by PPD QIFN. Five months after BCG immunization, 7 of 54 students (13%) had a TST result of ≥10 mm and 11 of 54 students (20%) tested positive by PPD QIFN. ESAT-6- and MPT-64-stimulated IFN-γ responses in the medical students were negative prior to and after BCG immunization. For patients with active tuberculosis, 12 of 19 (63%) were positive by PPD QIFN, 11 of 19 (58%) were positive by ESAT-6 QIFN, and 0 of 12 were positive by MPT-64 QIFN. In conclusion, PPD QIFN was negative in 97% of a low-risk population who had not received BCG and who had negative TSTs. The specificities of both the TST and PPD QIFN were reduced following BCG immunization. PPD QIFN and ESAT-6 QIFN were of similar and moderate sensitivity in patients with active tuberculosis, but ESAT-6 QIFN is likely to be more specific because it is not influenced by past BCG exposure.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis in China Using an In-House Gamma Interferon Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinchun Chen ◽  
Qianting Yang ◽  
Mingxia Zhang ◽  
Michael Graner ◽  
Xiuyun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assays have been proven to be useful in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Nevertheless, their specificity and sensitivity vary among the different populations studied. Here, we evaluate the value of an in-house IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in Shenzhen, China, where the prevalence of tuberculosis is severe and Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination is mandatory at birth. A total of 305 patients with active tuberculosis, 18 patients with nontuberculosis lung diseases, and 202 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Among them, 156 individuals were simultaneously tested for IFN-γ responses by the commercial QuantiFERON-TB Gold in-tube (QFT-IT) assay. Tuberculin skin tests (TST) were performed with 202 healthy controls. The overall sensitivities of the ELISPOT and QFT-IT assays for active tuberculosis were 83.60% and 80.85%, respectively; the specificities were 76.6% and 73.26%, respectively. The IFN-γ ELISPOT responses, but not those of the TST, were significantly correlated with TB exposure (r = −0.6040, P < 0.0001). The sensitivities of the ELISPOT assay varied for patients with different forms of tuberculosis, with the highest sensitivity for patients with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (89.89%) and the lowest for those with tuberculous meningitis (62.5%). In conclusion, the IFN-γ ELISPOT assay is a useful adjunct to current tests for diagnosis of active TB in China. The ELISPOT assay is more accurate than TST in identifying TB infections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document