The Effect of Relaxation Techniques on Blood Pressure and Stress among Pregnant Women with Mild Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Background: Pre-eclampsia poses a significant potential risk of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, a leading cause of maternal deaths. Hyperuricemia is associated with adverse effects on endothelial function, normal cellular metabolism, and platelet aggregation and adhesion. This study was designed to compare serum urate levels in normotensive pregnant women to those with pregnancy-induced hypertension, and to evaluate its value as a potential predictive marker of hypertension severity during pregnancy. Methods: A prospective, observational, case-control study conducted on 100 pregnant women in their third trimester. Pregnant women were classified into two groups (n=50) according to arterial blood pressure measurements: group I had normal blood pressure, and group II had a blood pressure of ≥ 140/90, which was further subdivided according to hypertension severity into IIa (pregnancy- induced hypertension, IIb (mild pre-eclampsia), and IIc (severe pre-eclampsia). Blood samples were obtained on admission. Serum urate, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and interleukin-1β levels, and lipid profile were compared among the groups. Results: A significant increase in the mean values of serum urate, C-reactive protein, and interleukin- 1β levels was detected in gestational hypertensives. In addition, there was a positive correlation between serum urate levels and C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β, as well as between serum urate levels and hypertension severity. Conclusion: Hyperuricemia and increased C-reactive protein and interleukin-1β serum levels correlate with the severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and these biomarkers may play a role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Serum urate measurement is sensitive, reliable markers that correlate well with the severity of hypertension in pregnant females with pre-eclampsia.

Download Full-text

Incidence of Pregnancy Induced Hypertensive Women and its Associated Factors

10.53350/pjmhs2115123307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 3307-3309

Author(s):

Samia Saifullah ◽

Maryam Shoaib ◽

Muhammad Sohail Tareen ◽

Nosheen Sikander Baloch

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Family History ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Renal Diseases ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Keywords Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is a fetal disease resulting into morbidity and mortality of female as well as its neonate. Objective: To find the incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension in Pakistani women. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta from 1st March 2019 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: Seven hundred and twenty eight females were identified with pregnancy induced hypertension from all the pregnant women attending the outdoor were enrolled. Each female was checked for their protein urea as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to standard operating protocol. Socio-demographic, clinical and family history were documented. Results: Among all pregnant women, 150 were identified as pregnancy induced hypertensive with a 20.6% incidence of pregnancy induced hypertension. The mean value systolic blood pressure value was 144.3±5.2 and of diastolic as 83.1±5.2 in pregnancy induced hypertension women. Conclusion: Family history, obesity and renal diseases are the main factors associated with pregnancy induced hypertension with an incidence of 20.6% among pregnant women. Keywords: Pregnancy induced hypertension, Body mass index, Pregnant women, Hypertension

Download Full-text

Direct laboratory evidence that pregnancy-induced hypertension might be associated with increased catecholamines and decreased renalase concentrations in the umbilical cord and mother’s blood

Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1515/labmed-2018-0185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 77-85

Author(s):

Yakup Baykus ◽

Sefer Ustebay ◽

Rulin Deniz ◽

Kader Ugur ◽

Şeyda Yavuzkir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Healthy Control ◽

C 30 ◽

Body Mass Indexes ◽

Umbilical Cord Vein

Abstract Background Renalase (RNL) is a controversial enzyme as to whether it oxidizes catecholamines (CAs) (as is generally accepted) in the blood or not. CAs (dopamine [DPMN], epinephrine [EPI] and norepinephrine [NEPI]) are associated with hypertension, including pregnancy-induced hypertension, which occurs in 8–10% of all pregnancies. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare CAs and renalase concentration in (i) normotensive controls (C), (ii) patients with preeclampsia (PE) and (iii) patients with severe preeclampsia (SPE), which is one of the well-known symptoms of hypertension. Methods This case-control study involved 90 women divided into three groups – 30 C, 30 PE and 30 SPE – whose age and body mass indexes (BMIs) were similar. A total of 270 blood samples (90 maternal samples, 90 umbilical cord artery samples and 90 umbilical cord vein samples) were obtained. CAs and RNL concentrations of the biological samples were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Comparing the amounts of CAs, RNL and systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between healthy control pregnant women and pregnant women with PE and SPE (SBP/DBP was 120/80 mm Hg for C, above 140/90 mm Hg for PE and above 160/110 mm Hg for SPE), the levels of CAs were significantly increased whereas RNL was reduced. The correlation between SBP/DBP and the amount of RNL in pregnant women with PE and SPE was negative. Conclusions These novel results are evidence that hypertension seen in PE and SPE is directly related to increased levels of CAs and reduced RNL concentrations. The use of RNL preparations may be preferred in future to prevent maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality due to pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Download Full-text

Abnormalities of peripheral venous tone in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0700155 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 155-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Karen Stainer ◽

Rachel Morrison ◽

C. Pickles ◽

A. J. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

The Other ◽

Normal Blood ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Normal Blood Pressure ◽

Venous Tone ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Induced Hypertension

1. Forearm venous tone was measured in two groups of pregnant women: one group with pregnancy-induced hypertension and the other group with normal blood pressure. 2. The women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were venoconstricted in the forearm (P < 0.01) compared with the pregnant women with normal blood pressure. However, there was no difference in venous tone between the women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and nonpregnant women. 3. There was an inverse correlation between mean arterial blood pressure and forearm venous tone (r = −0.581, P < 0.001) for all the pregnant women studied. Further evaluation of peripheral venous tone may provide valuable information about the pathophysiology and treatment of women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Download Full-text

The effects of posture on abnormalities of forearm venous tone in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0730267 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 267-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Karen Stainer ◽

C. Pickles ◽

A. J. Cowley

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Blood Volume ◽

Supine Position ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Central Blood Volume ◽

Venous Tone ◽

Induced Hypertension

1. Forearm venous tone was measured in the left lateral supine position and in response to passive leg elevation in a group of women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and compared with a group of normotensive pregnant women and a group of non-pregnant women. 2. The women with pregnancy-induced hypertension were venoconstricted in the supine position compared with the normal pregnant women (P < 0.002). There was no difference in forearm venous tone between the women with pregnancy-induced hypertension and the non-pregnant women. 3. In response to passive leg elevation the women with pregnancy-induced hypertension venodilated (P < 0.002) whereas there was no change in forearm venous tone in the normotensive pregnant women and the non-pregnant women. There was no change in blood pressure in any of the women after 35 min of leg elevation. 4. These results demonstrate that the abnormal venous vasoconstriction that occurs in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension in the supine position is corrected by passive leg elevation, a manoeuvre which leads to an increase in central blood volume.

Download Full-text

Rural and urban differences in blood pressure and pregnancy-induced hypertension among pregnant women in Ghana

Globalization and Health ◽

10.1186/1744-8603-9-59 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Deborah van Middendorp ◽

Augustinus Asbroek ◽

Fred Bio ◽

Anthony Edusei ◽

Lyonne Meijjer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Induced Hypertension

Download Full-text

The need for quality improvement in diagnosing pregnancy induced hypertension in Sri Lanka

South East Asia Journal of Public Health ◽

10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15952 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

S Prathapan ◽

P Fonseka ◽

G Lindmark ◽

R Prathapan ◽

A Lokubalasooriya

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Medical Officer ◽

Quality Of Services ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Antenatal Clinics

Sri Lanka has shown relatively good maternal outcome indicators for a developing country. However, high maternal deaths from pregnancy induced hypertension and pre-eclamptic toxemia raise questions about the quality of detection and treatment at field antenatal clinics, which is the primary care setting for pregnant women. The objective of the study was to assess the quality of facilities and services provided at the field antenatal clinics to di-agnose pregnancy induced hypertension or pre-eclamptic toxemia. It was a cross-sectional study. This study was set in field antenatal clinics and was conducted in two stages based on the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling method. In the first stage 55 antenatal clinics were selected from 11 Medical officers of Health areas, and in the second stage 275 pregnant women were recruited from these 55 clinics. Quality of services and quality of facilities were assessed using observation checklists. The quality of facilities was better than the quality of services in the Colombo district. The quality of facilities was acceptable in all areas other than for the presence of the Medical Officer. The quality of services was unacceptable in all areas for history taking and examination. Investigation for urine albumin was also unacceptable in all the areas. The sensitivity for measuring the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure were 57% (95% CI: 47.4%66.8%) and 16.7% (95% CI: 9.4%24%) respectively. Urgent steps should be taken to improve the quality of care in the substandard areas to reduce the leading cause of maternal mortality in Sri Lanka. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i2.15952 South East Asia J Public Health | Jul-Dec 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 2 | 55-60

Download Full-text

Risk Factors on Severity of Blood Pressure among Pregnant Women with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) in Hilly areas of Uttarakhand

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.37506/ijphrd.v11i4.4342 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Induced Hypertension

Download Full-text

Efficacy of normodyne-magnesium sulfate combination treatment on pregnancy-induced hypertension, and its effect on VEGF and Flt-1 levels

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v20i10.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 2155-2161

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Diao ◽

Kun Ding ◽

Xuemei Ma

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Group Treatment ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Adverse Pregnancy ◽

Group B

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of the combined use of normodyne and magnesium sulfate in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension, and its effect on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and factor receptor-1 (Flt-1) levels in serum.Methods: A total of 100 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension attending Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang, China, were categorized as Group A, and then further subdivided into control sub-group (who were treated with magnesium sulfate only) and study sub-group (treated with magnesium sulfate plus normodyne). Furthermore, 100 healthy pregnantwomen attending the hospital for prenatal examination during the same period were categorized as Group B. Serum expressions of VEGF and Flt-1 in all patients were determined and compared. The therapeutic effect, adverse reactions, adverse pregnancy outcomes, blood pressure before and after treatment, 24 h proteinuria, and serum expression levels of VEGF and Flt-1 in the study and control groups were determined and compared.Results: Serum VEGF levels in patients with pregnancy-mediated hypertension were significantly lower than those of healthy pregnant women, and Flt-1 was raised in healthy pregnant women (p < 0.05). In the study group, treatment was markedly more effective, and the degree of amelioration of blood pressure, 24 h proteinuria, serum VEGF, and Flt-1 were significantly higher than for control sub-group. There were lower adverse pregnancy outcomes in study sub-group than in control (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The combination of magnesium sulfate and normodyne produces greater clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension than magnesium sulfate alone, and also shows a high safety profile.

Download Full-text

Is there an association between calcium level and preeclampsia in pregnant women? A systemic review

The Columbia University Journal of Global Health ◽

10.52214/thecujgh.v9i1.7957 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Melese Linger ◽

Gedefaw Diress

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Calcium Level ◽

Case Control ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Induced Hypertension

Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a diagnosis used to describe a wide spectrum of patients who may have only mild elevations in blood pressure or severe hypertension with various organ dysfunctions. Preeclampsia is a form of pregnancy-induced hypertension which is defined as the new onset of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in a previously normotensive woman. Preeclampsia has been identified as the leading reason for maternal admission to the intensive care unit in the puerperal period. Trends of pregnancy-induced hypertension in low- and middle-income countries were increasing. The WHO recommend calcium supplementation as part of the antenatal care for the prevention of preeclampsia in pregnant women, particularly among those population where calcium intake low and at higher risk of developing hypertension. Methods: The data were searched electronically From Pub Med, Google Scholar, Cochrane database reviews and Google. Case-control, retrospective and prospective cohort and clinical trial and papers published in the English language was included. Out of 460 pieces of literature searched electronically, only 23 pieces of literature were used in this study. The other 435 references were not reviewed based on exclusion criteria. In this review 14 case-control studies, 2 cross-sectional studies, 1 longitudinal study, 2 clinical trials, and 4 reviews were included. Results: The age of the study participant’s ranges from 18-41, all study participant’s gestational age was greater than 12 wk. All studies used a diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia based on the following criteria: Blood pressure (BP) more than 140/90 and proteinuria >300 mg/do in 24 hr or 1+ in dipstick urine sample Low levels of calcium have a significant association to preeclampsia as indicated in most studies. Conclusion: Most studies explored that calcium level was low among preeclampsia women. Inconsistencies of recruitment (for example some researcher recruit at 20 weeks of gestational age others in 28 weeks of gestational age) of participant's leads to inconclusive and biased findings in this review. For future researcher should focus on pathophysiology calcium and hypertension. And also it is better the country should give special attention to improve the dietary calcium intake of pregnant women. In the future scientists should better assess calcium level through multiple methods like dietary, clinical and biochemical method and also the impact of calcium on neonatal and maternal should be assessed

Download Full-text