scholarly journals Stages of Colonialism in Africa: From Occupation of Land to Occupation of Being

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein A. Bulhan
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Context Sensitive ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Academic Resources

This paper draws primarily on my own scholarship, supplemented by the limited academic resources available in the “peripheries” of the world where I live and work (namely, Somali society and Darfur, Sudan), to consider the relationship between colonialism and psychology. I first consider the history of psychology in justifying and bolstering oppression and colonialism. I then consider the ongoing intersection of colonialism and psychology in the form of metacolonialism (or coloniality). I end with thoughts about decolonizing psychological science in teaching, social, and clinical practice. To decolonize psychological science, it is necessary to transform its focus from promotion of individual happiness to cultivation of collective well-being, from a concern with instinct to promotion of human needs, from prescriptions for adjustment to affordances for empowerment, from treatment of passive victims to creation of self-determining actors, and from globalizing, top-down approaches to context-sensitive, bottom-up approaches. Only then will the field realize its potential to advance Frantz Fanon’s call for humane and just social order.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Human Well-Being and Carbon Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Qin Li ◽  
Hongmin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

Governments around the world are actively exploring strategies to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change. In addition to technological progress, promoting a transformation of residents’ behaviors to a low carbon mode is also a solution. Many people are concerned about how to reduce carbon emissions while ensuring human well-being. Starting from the comparative analysis of two main theories of human well-being, this paper sorted out existing well-being measurement methods from the perspectives of “top-down” and “bottom-up” and further sorted out research on the relationship between human well-being and energy carbon emissions. While “top-down” research is conducive to the layout of macro policies, “bottom-up” research can better help to promote the transformation of society to a low carbon life by estimating the energy consumption and carbon emissions contained in human needs. Current research discusses human well-being, human needs, energy use and carbon emissions, respectively, but they are not systematically integrated. Furthermore, this paper proposes a framework combining these aspects to analyze the relationship between human well-being and carbon emissions. In addition, this paper suggests future research directions.

scholarly journals Islam and Ecology

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-256
Author(s):  
Akhtar Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific System ◽  
The Relationship

Islam and Ecology illuminates the issues of environmental change andhuman survival. The authors present the Islamic view of ecology basedon the Qur'an and the hadith. Each essay contains Qur'anic passages thatsupport the view that natural phenomena are important to humanity, forthey have been created by God. The book is valuable because it is basedon scientific knowledge and Islamic principles. While the book contributesmuch to understanding Islamic teachings on the environment, it doesnot contribute much to our understanding of ecological problems.The book is flexible, and the concepts with which it deals are presentedin a manner designed for quick comprehension. Each essay makesthe reader feel ethically obliged to follow these concepts, as it is madeclear that most of our actions are based on our understanding of the willof God, how we think the world works, and what we believe our role inthe world should be. The book's purpose is not to drown the reader withfacts, but to present and explore a small number of basic and useful concepts.Another aim is to illustrate how one can constantly strive to improveone's life in the light of the Sunnah, how God's dictates can illuminateideas, and how one can organize one's life in a meaningful way.Chapter one deals with Islam and ecology, the planet Earth, air andwater pollution, deforestation, and the relationship between humanity andanimals. It is stated that Islam teaches humanity to use what is needed accordingto the moral and ethical discipline laid down by the Creator.However, after a brief initial engagement, the author does not deal withthe facts of ecology and the merits of Islamic teaching in this area.254 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 102Chapter two is analyzes Islamic ethics and the environment. Theauthor is shott on the environment, as he concentrates mainly on ethicsaccording to the Shari'ah and humanity's love for the components ofnatmc. He then discusses how people can perfect themselves if they followthe commands of God. The chapter is mtricted to ethical values anddeals only briefly with the envitonment. For some teason, the authordeemed it unnecessary to give historical incidents or quotations that showhow Muslims thinkers analyzed nature and how important it was to themto urge the proper use of environmental and natural mumes.The environmental crisis is an outward manifestation of a crisis ofmind and spirit. There could be no greater misconception than to believeit is Concerned only with endangered wildlife, man-made ugliness, andpollution. We recognize that the Earth's moumes and environmentalpmblems, as well as the possible solutions, ate interconnected in complexways that we ate only beginning to understand. With this recognition, andthe knowledge that we must seek God's guidance, it is hoped that peoplewill begin to understand and care a little more about natute.Chapter thtee is concerned with science within Islam. The author distinguishesbetween science within Islam and the scientific system basedon human thought and the belief that the physical universe is the onlyreality. He describes the methods and uses of science and claims that itis essential that science should ptaise the Creator-scientists must pmducea unity between religious practice and scientific education. The resultingprinciples will help humanity treat the environment with love, gratitude,and care, and will show it how to make the best use of the world'stesoutces. Based on this undemtandmg, it becomes an Islamic duty toconsetve and protect the world and its tesoutces. The author does not gointo the history of Muslim science in order to illuminate the methodsused in the natural sciences to interrelate nature and produce its meaning.However, some idea of the scope of the cutrent debate on environmentalproblems is given, which provides a new approach to the environment.Chapter four examines natural resources. Although the term "resource"is not defined, it documents the main Islamic principles and preceptsconcerning natural resources. The major focus is on land (dividedinto developed and undeveloped) and water, which fottn the necessaryelements for all human life and activity. Islamic land laws and the roleof animals and plants as natural nsowes are also mentioned. In myopinion, he should have explained that "mutces" does not refer to athing or a substance, but rather to a function that may be performed bya thing or a substance or to an operation in which it may take part to satisfya particular need . It in these areas that Islamic teachings ate morerelevant as a guide to achieving humanity's well-being. The contents ofthe chapter are useful and can be easily adapted to a community's needs ...

Health and Medicine in the Islamic Tradition

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-90
Author(s):  
Dennis Michael Warren
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The late Dr. Fazlur Rahman, Harold H. Swift Distinguished Service Professor of Islamic Thought at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, has written this book as number seven in the series on Health/Medicine and the Faith Traditions. This series has been sponsored as an interfaith program by The Park Ridge Center, an Institute for the study of health, faith, and ethics. Professor Rahman has stated that his study is "an attempt to portray the relationship of Islam as a system of faith and as a tradition to human health and health care: What value does Islam attach to human well-being-spiritual, mental, and physical-and what inspiration has it given Muslims to realize that value?" (xiii). Although he makes it quite clear that he has not attempted to write a history of medicine in Islam, readers will find considerable depth in his treatment of the historical development of medicine under the influence of Islamic traditions. The book begins with a general historical introduction to Islam, meant primarily for readers with limited background and understanding of Islam. Following the introduction are six chapters devoted to the concepts of wellness and illness in Islamic thought, the religious valuation of medicine in Islam, an overview of Prophetic Medicine, Islamic approaches to medical care and medical ethics, and the relationship of the concepts of birth, contraception, abortion, sexuality, and death to well-being in Islamic culture. The basis for Dr. Rahman's study rests on the explication of the concepts of well-being, illness, suffering, and destiny in the Islamic worldview. He describes Islam as a system of faith with strong traditions linking that faith with concepts of human health and systems for providing health care. He explains the value which Islam attaches to human spiritual, mental, and physical well-being. Aspects of spiritual medicine in the Islamic tradition are explained. The dietary Jaws and other orthodox restrictions are described as part of Prophetic Medicine. The religious valuation of medicine based on the Hadith is compared and contrasted with that found in the scientific medical tradition. The history of institutionalized medical care in the Islamic World is traced to awqaf, pious endowments used to support health services, hospices, mosques, and educational institutions. Dr. Rahman then describes the ...

Historical Foundations, Strategic Visions, and World Order

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Bolt ◽  
Sharyl N. Cross
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
International Order ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 1 explores perspectives on world order, including power relationships and the rules that shape state behavior and perceptions of legitimacy. After outlining a brief history of the relationship between Russia and China that ranged from cooperation to military clashes, the chapter details Chinese and Russian perspectives on the contemporary international order as shaped by their histories and current political situation. Chinese and Russian views largely coincide on security issues, the desirability of a more multipolar order, and institutions that would enhance their standing in the world. While the Chinese–Russian partnership has accelerated considerably, particularly since the crisis in Ukraine in 2014, there are still some areas of competition that limit the extent of the relationship.

The Historiography of Environmental History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the emergence of environmental history, which developed in the context of the environmental concerns that began in the 1960s with worries about local industrial pollution, but which has since evolved into a full-scale global crisis of climate change. Environmental history is ‘the history of the relationship between human societies and the rest of nature’. It includes three chief areas of inquiry: the study of material environmental history, political and policy-related environmental history, and a form of environmental history which concerns what humans have thought, believed, written, and more rarely, painted, sculpted, sung, or danced that deals with the relationship between society and nature. Since 1980, environmental history has come to flourish in many corners of the world, and scholars everywhere have found models, approaches, and perspectives rather different from those developed for the US context.

Caring for the Internet: Content Moderators and the Maintenance of Empire

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Lindsay Bartkowski
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Affective Labor ◽  
Violent Content ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Scholarly and journalistic investigations of content moderation have thoroughly documented its emotional impact on workers, but have yet to analyze moderation as care labor. Out of sight from U.S. and European consumers, content moderators are hired by third-party outsourcing firms primarily in the Philippines or India to remove offensive or violent content from internet platforms in order to preserve their profitability and users’ emotional well-being. Situating content moderation in the long history of domestic labor relations in the U.S., which were designed to support the expansion of imperial power, this essay proposes new ways of understanding the relationship between affective labor and the procedures of empire.

On the Lives of Modern State Law

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Samera Esmeir
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Modern State ◽  
State Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Intimate Life ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Key Questions

Modern state law is an expansive force that permeates life and politics. Law's histories—colonial, revolutionary, and postcolonial—tell of its constitutive centrality to the making of colonies and modern states. Its powers intertwine with life itself; they attempt to direct it, shape its most intimate spheres, decide on the constitutive line dividing public from private, and take over the space and time in which life unfolds. These powers settle in the present, eliminate past authorities, and dictate futures. Gendering and constitutive of sexual difference, law's powers endeavor to mold subjects and alter how they orient themselves to others and to the world. But these powers are neither coherent nor finite. They are ripe with contradictions and conflicting desires. They are also incapable of eliminating other authorities, paths, and horizons of living; these do not vanish but remain not only thinkable and articulable but also a resource for the living. Such are some of the overlapping and accumulative interventions of the two books under review: Sara Pursley's Familiar Futures and Judith Surkis's Sex, Law, and Sovereignty in French Algeria. What follows is an attempt to further develop these interventions by thinking with some of the books’ underlying arguments. Familiar Futures is a history of Iraq, beginning with the British colonial-mandate period and concluding with the 1958 Revolution and its immediate aftermath. Sex, Law, and Sovereignty is a history of “French Algeria” that covers a century of French colonization from 1830 to 1930. The books converge on key questions concerning how modern law and the modern state—colonial and postcolonial—articulated sexual difference and governed social and intimate life, including through the rise of personal-status law as a separate domain of law constitutive of the conjugal family. Both books are consequently also preoccupied with the relationship between sex, gender, and sovereignty. And both contain resources for living along paths not charted by the modern state and its juridical apparatus.

scholarly journals ‘Smiley, you’re on candid camera’: Emoticons & Pre-Digital Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney J. Shep
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Digital Networks ◽  
Chat Rooms ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Emoticons are usually associated with the digital age, but they have numerous precursors in both manuscript and print. This article examines the circulation of emotional icons in nineteenth-century typographical journals as a springboard to understanding the relationship between emotion, materiality, and anthropomorphism as well the pre-digital networks of the “typographical press system.” It draws on literature from textual and typographical analysis, including the history of punctuation. It also demonstrates the ubiquity of emoticons in contemporary society and culture outside the world of computers, text messaging, and chat rooms.

scholarly journals A Historical Outline of Byzantine Philosophy and Its Basic Subjects

2018 ◽  
pp. 121-144
Author(s):  
Katelis Viglas
Keyword(s):  
Problem Of Evil ◽  
Relative Autonomy ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Realism ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
The World ◽  
The Problem Of Evil ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

The article seeks to present an overview of the history of Byzantine philosophy. It takes its point of departure in the most important factors that influenced and shaped the Patristic thought. Subsequently, the paper considers the relative autonomy of Byzantine philosophy and offers a brief profile of major philosophers that contributed to the stream in the period from 9th to 15th century. From the numerous subjects that were taken into account by the most prominent Byzantine philosophers, the article discusses such issues as: the view of God, the problem of ‘conceptual realism’, the relationship between such ‘disci  plines’ as logic, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics and philosophical anthro  pology. Furthermore, such questions as the place of man in the world, the scope of their freedom and the problem of evil are also touched upon here. The paper concludes with some remarks on the develop  ment of Byzantine philosophy after the fall of Byzantium.

scholarly journals Expanding the Impact of the Psychology of Working: Engaging Psychology in the Struggle for Decent Work and Human Rights

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Blustein ◽  
Maureen E. Kenny ◽  
Annamaria Di Fabio ◽  
Jean Guichard
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychology Of Working ◽  
The Impact

Building on new developments in the psychology of working framework (PWF) and psychology of working theory (PWT), this article proposes a rationale and research agenda for applied psychologists and career development professionals to contribute to the many challenges related to human rights and decent work. Recent and ongoing changes in the world are contributing to a significant loss of decent work, including a rise of unemployment, underemployment, and precarious work across the globe. By failing to satisfy human needs for economic survival, social connection, and self-determination, the loss of decent work undermines individual and societal well-being, particularly for marginalized groups and those without highly marketable skills. Informed by innovations in the PWF/PWT, we offer exemplary research agendas that focus on examining the psychological meaning and impact of economic and social protections, balancing caregiving work and market work, making work more just, and enhancing individual capacities for coping and adapting to changes in the world of work. These examples are intended to stimulate new ideas and initiatives for psychological research that will inform and enhance efforts pertaining to work as a human right.

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