Cessation Conversations and Quit Attempts: Differences by Ethnicity and Language Preference

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-487
Author(s):  
Victoria C. Lambert ◽  
Rachel E. Davis ◽  
Lucy Popova ◽  
James F. Thrasher
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Language Preference ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
Smoking Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Conversations about pictorial cigarette health warning labels (HWLs) encourage quit attempts, and prior research suggests prevalence of these conversations varies by ethnicity. We assessed the frequency of conversations about text-only HWLs among Latino and non-Latino white smokers and the relationship between conversations and subsequent quit attempts. Methods: Latino and non-Latino white adult smokers in the United States (N = 4403) were surveyed every 4 months over 2 years. Surveys queried smoking behaviors, recent quit attempts, HWL responses, including HWL conversations, and socio-demographic variables. Negative binomial generalized estimating equation (GEE) models regressed the frequency of HWL conversations on study variables. Logistic GEE models regressed quit attempts at follow-up surveys on responses from the prior wave, including frequency of HWL conversations and their interaction with ethnicity. Results: Spanish preference Latinos reported the most HWL conversations (85%), followed by English preference Latinos (59%), and non-Latino Whites (35%). More frequent HWL conversations predicted subsequent quit attempts (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.32, 2.30), but ethnicity did not moderate this effect. Conclusions: Latinos appear to talk more frequently about HWLs than non-Latino Whites but are no more likely to quit as a result. Cessation campaigns should use messages that encourage conversations about quitting.

The quality of life after motorcycle traffic injuries: a cohort study in northwest of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leili Abedi Gheshlaghi ◽  
Hamid Sharifi ◽  
Mehdi Noroozi ◽  
Mohsen Barouni ◽  
Homayoun Sadeghi-bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Rainy Weather ◽  
Northwest Of Iran

Abstract Background: Quality of life (QOL) after motorcycle accident is an important and dynamic concept but the conducted research about QOL's injured motorcyclists is much less. Therefore, in this study we investigated the QOL of injured motorcyclists up to three months after their accident and determining the associated factors.Methods: In present study, 190 injured motorcyclists who admitted at the two referral specialized hospitals (Emam Reza and Shohada) in Tabriz, between June 2018 and January 2019, and agreed to participate were included in the study. All injured motorcyclists were contacted through the telephone one and 171 of them (90%) three months after their accident to complete an EQ-5D-3L questionnaire. The baseline measurement (such as demographic variables, time and place of accident, vehicles and individuals), were gathered by using face to face interview in the hospitals. The QOL score in this study could vary between 1-3. The higher score showed the lower QOL. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were used to determine the factors affecting these motorcyclists’ QOL .Results: The injured motorcyclist’s QOL was relatively better three months after the accident (mean ± Standard Deviation: 2.15 ± 0.65) in comparison with their status a month after the accident (mean ± SD: 1.78 ± 0.51) (p<0.001). The multivariable model showed that individuals whose pelvis (Coef: 0.29, (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 0.16, 0.42), P= 0.001) and knee (Coef: 0.26, (95% CI: 0.10, 0.42), P= 0.001) were injured, experienced a lower QOL. Also, those whose accident had happened in rainy weather experienced lower QOL (Coef: 0.33, (95% CI: 0.12, 0.53), P= 0.001). Those who were in an accident with a vehicle experienced a better QOL than others (Coef: -0.26, (95% CI: -0.43, -0.09), P=0.002).Conclusion: The results showed the QOL of the injured people was improving from the first follow-up to the second one. It is recommended that by designing multi-year cohort studies, the QOL of motorcyclists be assessed for a longer time in order to identify the effective factors that improve the QOL of injured motorcyclists.

State Failure and Transnational Terrorism

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin George
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
State Failure ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Failed States ◽  
Transnational Terrorism ◽  
States Experience ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Concentration Curves ◽  
Binomial Models

Based on a country panel from 1995 to 2013, this study examines the relationship between state failure and transnational terrorism with respect to perpetrator’s proximity to the target and logistical complexity of attacks. Using concentration curves and generalized estimating equation negative binomial models, the study shows that failed states experience significantly more transnational terrorism when the perpetrators are from the home country. But these states do not produce terrorists who cross borders and carry out attacks in other countries, neither do they attract foreign perpetrators. The latter suggests that conditions in failed states present major operational challenges to foreign terrorists. State failure also causes more logistically complex attacks due to lack of effective counterterrorism measures by failed states. The main results hold true for both relative and dichotomous measures of state failure.

Partners’ Educational Pairings and Fertility Intentions in the United States: Evidence from 2015–2017 National Survey of Family Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-309
Author(s):  
Danielle Xiaodan Morales
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Family Growth ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

In light of the ongoing educational shift from favoring men to favoring women, this study contributes to the literature on fertility by investigating the relationship between educational pairings and fertility intentions. To test two competing hypotheses, nationally representative data from the latest wave (2015–2017) of the National Survey of Family Growth were used, and four generalized estimating equation models were estimated. Results indicate that women’s intentions for additional children were influenced by educational pairings. Specifically, when highly educated women had a highly educated partner, their fertility intentions were higher than lower-educated women, but this difference disappeared if those women were in hypogamous relationships; when lower-educated women had lower- or medium-educated partners, their intentions for additional children were significantly lower than highly educated women, but the difference disappeared when she had a highly educated partner. Findings from this study provide new insights into fertility intentions by taking into account both partners’ education.

scholarly journals 694 Insufficient sleep linked with higher COVID-19 infection cases and deaths in the United States

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A271-A271
Author(s):  
Azizi Seixas ◽  
Nicholas Pantaleo ◽  
Samrachana Adhikari ◽  
Michael Grandner ◽  
Giardin Jean-Louis
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
County Level ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Insufficient Sleep ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Rural Counties ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Causes of COVID-19 burden in urban, suburban, and rural counties are unclear, as early studies provide mixed results implicating high prevalence of pre-existing health risks and chronic diseases. However, poor sleep health that has been linked to infection-based pandemics may provide additional insight for place-based burden. To address this gap, we investigated the relationship between habitual insufficient sleep (sleep &lt;7 hrs./24 hr. period) and COVID-19 cases and deaths across urban, suburban, and rural counties in the US. Methods County-level variables were obtained from the 2014–2018 American community survey five-year estimates and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. These included percent with insufficient sleep, percent uninsured, percent obese, and social vulnerability index. County level COVID-19 infection and death data through September 12, 2020 were obtained from USA Facts. Cumulative COVID-19 infections and deaths for urban (n=68), suburban (n=740), and rural (n=2331) counties were modeled using separate negative binomial mixed effects regression models with logarithmic link and random state-level intercepts. Zero-inflated models were considered for deaths among suburban and rural counties to account for excess zeros. Results Multivariate regression models indicated positive associations between cumulative COVID-19 infection rates and insufficient sleep in urban, suburban and rural counties. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for urban counties was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01 – 1.05), 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02 – 1.05) for suburban, and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00 – 1.03) rural counties.. Similar positive associations were observed with county-level COVID-19 death rates, IRR = 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07 – 1.16) for urban counties, IRR = 1.04 (95% CI: 1.01 – 1.06) for suburban counties, and IRR = 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01 – 1.05) for rural counties. Level of urbanicity moderated the association between insufficient sleep and COVID deaths, but not for the association between insufficient sleep and COVID infection rates. Conclusion Insufficient sleep was associated with COVID-19 infection cases and mortality rates in urban, suburban and rural counties. Level of urbanicity only moderated the relationship between insufficient sleep and COVID death rates. Future studies should investigate individual-level analysis to understand the role of sleep mitigating COVID-19 infection and death rates. Support (if any) NIH (K07AG052685, R01MD007716, R01HL142066, K01HL135452, R01HL152453

The relationship between remission and health-related quality of life in a cohort of SLE patients

Rheumatology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel W P Tsang-A-Sjoe ◽  
Irene E M Bultink ◽  
Maaike Heslinga ◽  
Lilian H van Tuyl ◽  
Ronald F van Vollenhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between remission and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with SLE in a longitudinal observational cohort. Methods HRQoL was measured at cohort visits using the physical and mental component score (PCS and MCS, respectively) of the Short Form 36 questionnaire. Definitions of Remission in SLE remission categories (no remission/remission on therapy/remission off therapy) were applied. Determinants of PCS and MCS were identified with simple linear regression analyses. Association between remission and HRQoL was assessed using generalized estimating equation models. Results Data from 154 patients with 2 years of follow-up were analysed. At baseline 60/154 (39.0%) patients were in either form of remission. Patients in remission had higher Short Form 36 scores in all subdomains compared with patients not in remission. PCS was positively associated with remission and employment, and negatively associated with SLICC damage index, ESR, medication, patient global assessment and BMI. MCS was positively associated with Caucasian ethnicity and negatively associated with patient global assessment. In generalized estimating equation analysis, a gradual and significant increase of PCS was observed from patients not in remission (mean PCS 36.0) to remission on therapy (41.8) to remission off therapy (44.8). No significant difference in MCS was found between remission states. Conclusion we show a strong and persistent association between remission and PCS, but not MCS. These results support the relevance (construct validity) of the Definition of Remission in SLE remission definitions and the further development of a treat-to-target approach in SLE.

scholarly journals Relationship between episodes of unsustained VTs detected early after an ICD implant and subsequent monomorphic VTs causing appropriate therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Jimenez-Candil ◽  
J Perez ◽  
M Sanchez ◽  
J Hernandez ◽  
J.L Morinigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardias ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Non-sustained ventricular tachycardias (NSVT) are observed frequently among ICD patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Purpose To analyze the relationship between episodes of NSVTs and monomorphic VTs (MVTs) that subsequently cause appropriate therapies. Methods 416 ICD patients with LVD (LVEF &lt;45%) followed for 41±27 months. ICD programming (detection and therapies) was standardized. NSVT was defined as any VT of ≥5 beats which did not met the detection criteria occurring within the first 6 months after ICD implant. We analyzed 2201 NSVTs (10+7 beats), which occurred in 250 of the 416 patients (Median=2; IQR=0–7). The mean cycle length (CL) of NSVT was 323±32 ms (adjusted per multiple episodes/patient, generalized estimating equation method (GEEM)). Results During the follow-up, 1441 MVT occurred in 183 patients. After showing a significant correlation between burden of NSVT and the occurrence of appropriate therapies due to MVT (C coefficient=0.68; p&lt;0.001), we observed that subjects with &gt;5 NSVT presented an excess of adjusted risk: HR=1.97 (95% CI=1.45–2.72); p&lt;0.001. However, the adjusted mean CL of NSVTs was similar in patients with (322±34) vs. without MVT (324±26 ms); p=0.3. Among patients who presented NSVTs and MVTs (n=145 subjects), we analyzed the relationship between the adjusted mean CL of the NSVTs (n=1288 episodes) and the CL of the first appropriate therapy due to MVT occurring subsequently. We found a significant and positive correlation between the two (r=0.88; p&lt;0.001); the strongest correlation was observed in subjects with &gt;5 NSVTs (r=0.97, n=52)). The robustness of such correlation was similar in individuals with ischemic (r=0.86; n=91) versus non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (r=0.90; n=54), and in primary (r=0.86; n=75) versus secondary prevention (r=0.90; n=70). The agreement between the CL of first MVT and the adjusted mean CL of NSVT episodes (GEEM) was determined according to the Bland-Altman Method. The difference between the two values was 2±8.3 ms, with only 7.6% (11/145) of patients in whom the difference between the two CL was outside the concordance limits. The agreement was greater, again, in individuals with &gt;5 NSVTs. As shown in the Figure, in more than 95% of patients both values were within the interval of agreement (0.32±4 ms). Conclusions 1-The burden of NSVTs occurring early after an ICD implant, but not their CL, is associated with a higher incidence of appropriate therapies due to MVT at follow-up. 2-The CL of the NSVTs and that of the first and subsequent MVTs is virtually the same in patients with higher NSVT burden. Therefore, it could be the same tachycardia, but with different duration. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Influence of caseload on survival of patients (pts) with localized prostate cancer (PC) after definitive radiation therapy (DRT).

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 357-357
Author(s):  
Sarmad Sadeghi ◽  
Primo Lara ◽  
Denice D. Tsao-Wei ◽  
Monish Aron ◽  
Jacek K. Pinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Cancer Database ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

357 Background: We recently reported a significant all-cause mortality risk reduction associated with higher annual caseload for radical prostatectomy (RP)- (PMID 31398279). Here we explore this relationship in DRT. Methods: National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to investigate outcomes of DRT in the United States. Beam radiation (BR), radioactive implant (RI) and both (BRRI) were included in analysis. Using overall survival (OS) as primary outcome, the relationship between facility annual caseload (FAC) for all PC pts and facility annual caseload (FARC) for those requiring DRT were examined using Cox model. Four volume groups (VG) were defined as VG1: <50th, VG2: 50th-74th, VG3: 75th-89th and VG4: top 10 percentile of caseload. Results: Between 2004 and 2014, 355,247 pts underwent DRT. At a median follow up of 70.1 (95% CI: 1.0 - 143.1) months (mo), the median OS was 137.3 mo (136.9, 138.1). Using FAC/FARC, 19/14, 27/24, 24/26, and 30/37 % of pts were treated at VG 1 through 4, respectively. For FARC, median OS was 136.8 mo (134.9, 142.2+) for VG1 and 139.7 (137.7, 141.8+) mo for VG4, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.06 (1.03-1.09), p <0.001. For FAC, median OS was 135.4 (134.1, 138.7) mo for VG1 and not reached for VG4, aHR 1.13 (1.09, 1.16), p <0.001. In subgroups, FARC aHR for VG1 vs VG4 were 1.20 (1.16-1.25) for BR, 0.99 (0.93-1.05) for RI, and 1.15 (1.02-1.31) for BRRI. These numbers for FAC were 1.10 (1.06, 1.14), 1.12 (1.05, 1.19), and 1.24 (1.12, 1.39), respectively. Conclusions: There is a statistically significant OS advantage to DRT at a high annual caseload facility. This effect is more pronounced for BR and is influenced more noticeably by facility all PC caseload rather than DRT.[Table: see text]

Using complementary methods to test whether marriage limits men's antisocial behavior

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara R. Jaffee ◽  
Caitlin McPherran Lombardi ◽  
Rebekah Levine Coley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Complementary Methods ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractMarried men engage in significantly less antisocial behavior than unmarried men, but it is not clear whether this reflects a causal relationship. Instead, the relationship could reflect selection into marriage whereby the men who are most likely to marry (men in steady employment with high levels of education) are the least likely to engage in antisocial behavior. The relationship could also be the result of reverse causation, whereby high levels of antisocial behavior are a deterrent to marriage rather than the reverse. Both of these alternative processes are consistent with the possibility that some men have a genetically based proclivity to become married, known as an active genotype–environment correlation. Using four complementary methods, we tested the hypothesis that marriage limits men's antisocial behavior. These approaches have different strengths and weaknesses and collectively help to rule out alternative explanations, including active genotype–environment correlations, for a causal association between marriage and men's antisocial behavior. Data were drawn from the in-home interview sample of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a large, longitudinal survey study of a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States. Lagged negative binomial and logistic regression and propensity score matching models (n = 2,250), fixed-effects models of within-individual change (n = 3,061), and random-effects models of sibling differences (n = 618) all showed that married men engaged in significantly less antisocial behavior than unmarried men. Our findings replicate results from other quasiexperimental studies of marriage and men's antisocial behavior and extend the results to a nationally representative sample of young adults in the United States.

scholarly journals Prognostic Factors for Mortality, Activity of Daily Living and Quality of Life in Taiwanese Older Patients within 1 Year following Hip Fracture Surgery

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Ming-Hsiu Chiang ◽  
Yu-Yun Huang ◽  
Yi-Jie Kuo ◽  
Shu-Wei Huang ◽  
Yeu-Chai Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Hip Fracture Surgery ◽  
Fracture Surgery

Background. Hip fractures among older adults are a major public health concern worldwide. This study investigated the potential clinical factors that predict postoperative 1-year activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life (QoL), and mortality in Taiwanese older adults following hip fracture. Methods. This is a prospective cohort study enrolling older adults (≥60 years) who had undergone hip fracture surgery in a single medical center. The comprehensive clinical history of each patient was examined. QoL, ADL, and mortality events were recorded consecutively at 3, 6, and 12 months after operation. The multiple logistic regression model and the generalized estimating equation (GEE) were adopted to identify contributing factors for mortality and postoperative ADL and QoL prognosis, respectively. Results. Among 377 participants with hip fracture, 48 died within 1 year of the index operation. ADL and QoL considerably decreased at 3 months following hip surgery. Old age, high Charlson Comorbidity Index, and American Society of Anesthesiologists grading were crucial predictors for mortality at the 1-year follow-up. The generalized estimating equation analysis indicated that the length of postoperative follow-up time, serum albumin level, patient cognitive status, and handgrip strength were considerably associated with QoL and ADL recovery prognosis in the Taiwanese older adults following hip fracture. Conclusions. Hip fractures have long-lasting effects on the older adults. Our data imply several prognosis predicting parameters that may assist clinicians in accounting for an individual’s personalized risks in order to improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality.

scholarly journals Factors associated with mortality from tuberculosis in Iran: an application of a generalized estimating equation-based zero-inflated negative binomial model to national registry data

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019032
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sarvi ◽  
Abbas Moghimbeigi ◽  
Hossein Mahjub ◽  
Mahshid Nasehi ◽  
Mahmoud Khodadost
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Negative Binomial Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Generalized Estimating

OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem that causes morbidity and mortality in millions of people per year. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of potential risk factors with TB mortality in Iran.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 9,151 patients with TB from March 2017 to March 2018 in Iran. Data were gathered from all 429 counties of Iran by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Statistical Center of Iran. In this study, a generalized estimating equation-based zero-inflated negative binomial model was used to determine the effect of related factors on TB mortality at the community level. For data analysis, R version 3.4.2 was used with the relevant packages.RESULTS: The risk of mortality from TB was found to increase with the unemployment rate (βˆ=0.02), illiteracy (βˆ=0.04), household density per residential unit (βˆ=1.29), distance between the center of the county and the provincial capital (βˆ=0.03), and urbanization (βˆ=0.81). The following other risk factors for TB mortality were identified: diabetes (βˆ=0.02), human immunodeficiency virus infection (βˆ=0.04), infection with TB in the most recent 2 years (βˆ=0.07), injection drug use (βˆ=0.07), long-term corticosteroid use (βˆ=0.09), malignant diseases (βˆ=0.09), chronic kidney disease (βˆ=0.32), gastrectomy (βˆ=0.50), chronic malnutrition (βˆ=0.38), and a body mass index more than 10% under the ideal weight (βˆ=0.01). However, silicosis had no effect.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide useful information on risk factors for mortality from TB.

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