scholarly journals A Pragmatic Approach for Detecting nCOVID-19 using Pervasive Computing Based on Dual Diagnostic Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Swarnava Biswas ◽  
Chandranath Chakraborty ◽  
Riddhi Chawla ◽  
Dabosmita Paul ◽  
Debajit Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Concurrent Algorithms ◽  
Error Percentage

Our regular way of life has been disrupted by the COVID-19, and we have been obliged to accept the procedures that are in place under the new normal regime. It is envisaged that the standard diagnostic technique will evolve throughout the course of the procedure. As a help to this type of diagnostic technique, our research group is developing a tool. In this article, the group discusses the importance of employing two diagnostic metrics that have proven to be pivotal in many diagnoses for doctors, and how they might be used to their advantage. Together, natural language processing-based symptoms measures and a machine learning-based strategy that takes into account medical vitals can help to minimise the error percentage of detection by as much as 50%. The technique suggested in this study is the first of its type, and the authors have obtained findings that are satisfactory in terms of accuracy. A further justification for suggesting such a strategy is the manner in which a fusion algorithm might arrive at the correct results from two concurrent algorithms performing the same task. One of the group's other objectives was to give the doctor a valuable opinion in the form of such an architectural design. The suggested design may be employed at any point of care facility without the need for any additional infrastructure or escalation of the current amenities to accommodate the proposed architecture.

scholarly journals The Usability Study of a Proposed Environmental Experience Design Framework for Active Ageing

Buildings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masa Noguchi ◽  
Nan Ma ◽  
Catherine Woo ◽  
Hing-wah Chau ◽  
Jin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Research Framework ◽  
Environmental Experience

Growing ageing population today may be necessitating building design decision makers to reconsider the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) standards in a way that accommodates senior occupants’ diverse and individual needs and demands. An experience design approach to rationalising and individualising end-user experience on how to utilise tangible products may serve to reflect user perceptions. Generally, architectural design practices tend to incorporate neither IEQ monitoring and analysis data, nor environmental experience design today. In response to the need for filling this gap, the authors of this paper conducted a feasibility study previously that led to structuring and defining an ‘Environmental Experience Design’ (EXD) research framework. Based on the previous case study on the collective spatial analysis and IEQ monitoring results, this paper further explored the usability and applicability of this proposed EXD framework particularly to the previously documented aged care facility in Victoria, Australia, which has been stressing active ageing agendas. This EXD framework usability experiment helped to build the capacity for engaging the subjectivity and objectivity of end users’ expectations, desires, and requirements in the architectural design thinking process. Nonetheless, due to the limitation of this initial and fundamental usability study’s resources and the objective, the necessity of adjusting the scale and scope of EXD analyses emerged. Moreover, the universality of this EXD research framework usage under various architectural typologies and user conditions yet require further attempts and investigations.

Trial prospector: An automated clinical trials eligibility matching program.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6538-6538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Parchman ◽  
Guo-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Patrick Mergler ◽  
Jill Barnholtz-Sloan ◽  
Robert Lanese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Data Systems ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pathologic Diagnosis

6538 Background: Clinical trials are the evidence base for improving cancer treatment. Unfortunately, only approximately 5% of cancer patients (pts) take part in clinical research studies. Even in settings where clinical trials (CTs) are available, pt participation remains low. We hypothesize that the time required to identify appropriate studies for individual pts is a significant barrier to clinical trial accrual. Methods: Our multidisciplinary team developed Trial Prospector (TP), an innovative and flexible computer-based system that utilizes artificial intelligence and natural language processing to automatically extract information (e.g. demographics, pathologic diagnosis, stage, labs) from multiple clinical data systems and then match it to CT eligibility criteria. A user-friendly interface allows physician perusal of relevant CTs and eligibility checklists at the point of care without requiring manual data entry. We pilot tested TP in our cancer center GI oncology subspecialty clinics. TP was deployed for consecutive new pts, and oncologists (oncs) completed surveys after each visit to assess the usability and impact of TP. Results: Eleven medical oncologists (6 attendings and 5 fellows) participated in the pilot study. TP was deployed during 60 new pt visits. Of the 15 relevant GI/phase I CTs, TP identified a mean of 7 ± 2.7 eligible trials per patient. The most common reasons for ineligibility were pathologic diagnosis and labs. CTs were considered by the treating onc for 66.7% of the pts. 95% of participating oncs reviewed the TP output at the point of care with 70% spending 0-5 minutes assessing eligibility. Of the pts considered for CTs, a TP report was reviewed 72.5% of the time. Oncs reported that TP saved time identifying potential CTs during 57.1% of the visits. The reports were manually reviewed, and the TP matching algorithm was 100% accurate. 90.9% of the oncs recommended TP for CT screening. Conclusions: These results indicate that Trial Prospector is a feasible, accurate, and effective means to identify CTs for individual pts during a busy outpatient oncology clinic. Ongoing refinements will expand clinical data extraction and CT warehouse to improve precision and applicability across diseases.

scholarly journals The Compatible House: hybrid architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Alexander Basso
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Space Design ◽  
The Future

As a speculative vision of the future, the Compatible House was designed to promote critical thinking in architecture by questioning the validity of hybrid space design. The house, once a private space now pierced with public network signals, proved to be an ideal typology to demonstrate the influence of digital space on our physical space. Research and case studies concluded that current technology can be misused within architectural design with serious repercussions. The research also concluded that achieving successful hybrid architecture is to understand the role of the user within the context of the Information Age and enable that user to manipulate the properties of their physical space. As a means to embrace the obsessive trend of digital immersion without disregarding the importance of architectural space, the Compatible House makes use of specific design techniques and emerging forms of technology that demonstrate a productive, evolutionary vision of a possible way of life in the future.

scholarly journals The Compatible House: hybrid architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Alexander Basso
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Space Design ◽  
The Future

As a speculative vision of the future, the Compatible House was designed to promote critical thinking in architecture by questioning the validity of hybrid space design. The house, once a private space now pierced with public network signals, proved to be an ideal typology to demonstrate the influence of digital space on our physical space. Research and case studies concluded that current technology can be misused within architectural design with serious repercussions. The research also concluded that achieving successful hybrid architecture is to understand the role of the user within the context of the Information Age and enable that user to manipulate the properties of their physical space. As a means to embrace the obsessive trend of digital immersion without disregarding the importance of architectural space, the Compatible House makes use of specific design techniques and emerging forms of technology that demonstrate a productive, evolutionary vision of a possible way of life in the future.

Alleviating the Neglected Tropical Diseases: Recent Developments in Diagnostics and Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 1559-1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satakshi Hazra ◽  
Sanjukta Patra
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Tropical Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are communicable diseases caused by a group of bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths prevalent in more than 145 countries that affect the world’s poverty stricken populations. WHO enlists 18 NTDs amongst people living in endemic areas having inaccessibility to preventive measures. Steps to reduce the global disease burden of the NTDs need attention at multi-factorial levels. Control programmes, mass drug administrations, transmission checks, eradication surveillances and diagnoses are some of them. The foremost in this list is confirmatory diagnosis. A comprehensive summary of the innovative, high-impact, multiplexed, low-cost diagnostic tools developed in the last decade that helped to meet the needs of users can depict a holistic approach to further evaluate potential technologies and reagents currently in research. Major Advancements: A literature survey based on developing nano-biotechnological platforms to meet the diagnostic challenges in NTDs towards development of a useful point-of-care (POC) unit is reported. However, in order to pave the way for complete eradication more sensitive tools are required that are user-friendly and applicable for use in endemic and low-resource settings. There are various novel research progresses/advancements made for qualitative and quantitative measurement of infectious load in some diseases like dengue, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis; though further improvements on the specificity and sensitivity front are still awaited. Strategies to combat the problem of antimicrobial drug resistance in diagnosis of NTDs have also been put forward by various research groups and organizations. Moreover, the state-of-the-art “omics” approaches like metabolomics and metagenomics have also started to contribute constructively towards diagnosis and prevention of the NTDs. Conclusion: A concrete solution towards a single specimen based common biomarker detection platform for NTDs is lacking. Identifying robust biomarkers and implementing them on simple diagnostic tools to ease the process of pathogen detection can help us understand the obstacles in current diagnostic measures of the NTDs.

Rabies encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e239249
Author(s):  
Shyam Chand Chaudhary ◽  
Akash Khandelwal ◽  
Ruchika Tandon ◽  
Kamal Kumar Sawlani
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Corneal Transplants ◽  
History Of

Rabies is an almost always fatal disease that physicians and patients dread due to its dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. Transmission of this disease occurs through the bite of dogs and wild animals (like jackal in our case). Other rare forms of transmission may be through inhalation in bat-infested caves and human-to-human transmission by infected corneal transplants, solid organ and tissue transplantation, and sometimes in laboratory settings. Its diagnosis is usually clinical in the absence of availability of special laboratory investigations at the point-of-care facility. Few people have described the role of imaging in diagnosis. We hereby report a patient with rabies encephalitis, having a history of jackal bite and classical MRI findings that we can use for early diagnosis in the absence of typical clinical features and specialised diagnostic testing.

Congenital Malaria in newborns delivered to Malaria-Infected mothers in hilly region of northern India: Is it really deadly?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinish Singh ◽  
Balram Ji Omar ◽  
Swathi Chacham ◽  
Jaya Chaturvedi ◽  
Sriparna Basu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Health Care Facility ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Congenital Malaria

Background: Malaria is endemic in many states of India. Though there are reports of maternal and congenital malaria from endemic areas, however there remains paucity of data from hilly terrains. The present study evaluated the prevalence, clinical and microbiological spectrum of maternal and congenital malaria at a tertiary health care facility in Northern India over a period of 18 months. Methods: In this observational study, mothers along with their new borns were evaluated for malaria by maternal, placental and cord blood smear examination and rapid point-of-care diagnostic serological tests. Positive cases were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Mother-newborn duos were followed up till discharge from hospital. Results : A total of 843 mothers delivered during the study period and were screened along with their newborns and placentae. A total of Ten (1.18%) mothers had evidence of malarial parasitemia (Plasmodium vivax, n=7 and Pl. falciparum, n=3), however none of the placental and cord blood samples were positive for malaria. Overall, 127 (15.1%) neonates required admission in neonatal intensive care unit for various morbidities. Incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) was high (n=210; 24.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated maternal malaria to be an independent contributor for SGA [Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval), 10.7 (2.06 - 49.72)]. However, only 2% variance of SGA could be explained by maternal malaria alone. Conclusions: We report an encouragingly lower incidence of maternal malaria in mothers attending for delivery and a ‘Zero’ incidence for placental and congenital malaria during the study period as compared to national data (upto 7.4% in non-immune mothers), although maternal malaria could be a causative factor for SGA.

Role of Emerging Technologies in COVID 19: Analyses, Predictions, and Future Countermeasures (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rekha G
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smart Healthcare

UNSTRUCTURED In the resent decade, emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, Cloud Computing , Internet of Things (IoT), etc., have changed people life a lot (in terms of living). Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied widely in our daily lives in a variety of ways with numerous successful stories. AI has also contributed to dealing with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which is currently happening around the globe.We touch on a number of areas where AI plays as an essential component, from medical image processing, data analytics, text mining and natural language processing, the Internet of Things, to computational biology and medicine. For this, a summary of COVID-19 related data sources that are available for research purposes (for future researchers) is also presented.For that, all the tools, resources and datasets needed to facilitate AI research are also been reviewed. Also discussed about Machine Learning use cases for Drug Formulations, Treatment of Patients Suffering with COVID-19, how Artificial Intelligence and internet of things can be useful to develop Cost- effective and Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnostics. For example, uses of Internet of Medical Things for Smart Healthcare (primary focus on detecting COVID-19 symptoms, and alerts for other users) have been discussed in this work. In summary, this work providesuseful information about (potential of) AI methods, machine learning, internet of things, used in many applications like Medicare, COVID-19 outbreak and summarizes several critical roles of Artificial Intelligence (including machine learning and internet of things) research in this unprecedented battle.We also discuss several future Research directions, global impact of corona on internet of things and many applications. It is envisaged that this work will provide AI, and ML researchers and the wider community an overview of the current status of AI and ML applications and motivate researchers in harnessing AI potentials in the fight against COVID-19.

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