scholarly journals TG pyrolysis of a mixture of dried sludge from urban wastewater and wood pellets and identification of the composition of the resulting gases by infrared spectroscopy

Energetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrius Stravinskas ◽  
Anupras Šlančiauskas
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Evolved Gas Analysis ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Intense Mass ◽  
Dried Sludge

The recent tendency of sewage sludge disposal is targeted towards the gasification for heat generation in small towns far from waste incineration plants. The scope of this article is to present the investigation into the mixture of dried sewage sludge and wood pellets during pyrolysis by thermogravimetry (TG) with evolved gas analysis by TG-coupled Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method. The maximum intensity of mass loss of sewage sludge material occurs at 300–310°C temperature and it differs from wood cellulose case of 360°C. The 50:50% mixture of these materials was investigated in more details. Pyrolysis reaction kinetics is described by a variation of three constituent parts from TG data. Prefactor A and activation energy E of the Arrhenius law were found, and reaction order n was determined by the Ozawa method employing Avrami phase change. The maximum of gas evolution is always related to the most intense mass loss, and gas composition correlates with the initial material.

scholarly journals Thermal decomposition of tris(O-ethyldithiocarbonato)-antimony(III)—a single-source precursor for antimony sulfide thin films

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jako S. Eensalu ◽  
Kaia Tõnsuaadu ◽  
Jasper Adamson ◽  
Ilona Oja Acik ◽  
Malle Krunks
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Evolved Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Mechanism ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Single Source Precursor

AbstractThermal decomposition of tris(O-ethyldithiocarbonato)-antimony(III) (1), a precursor for Sb2S3 thin films synthesized from an acidified aqueous solution of SbCl3 and KS2COCH2CH3, was monitored by simultaneous thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and evolved gas analysis via mass spectroscopy (TG/DTA-EGA-MS) measurements in dynamic Ar, and synthetic air atmospheres. 1 was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements, and quantified by NMR and elemental analysis. Solid intermediates and final decomposition products of 1 prepared in both atmospheres were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and FTIR. 1 is a complex compound, where Sb is coordinated by three ethyldithiocarbonate ligands via the S atoms. The thermal degradation of 1 in Ar consists of three mass loss steps, and four mass loss steps in synthetic air. The total mass losses are 100% at 800 °C in Ar, and 66.8% at 600 °C in synthetic air, where the final product is Sb2O4. 1 melts at 85 °C, and decomposes at 90–170 °C into mainly Sb2S3, as confirmed by Raman, and an impurity phase consisting mostly of CSO 2 2− ligands. The solid-phase mineralizes fully at ≈240 °C, which permits Sb2S3 to crystallize at around 250 °C in both atmospheres. The gaseous species evolved include CS2, C2H5OH, CO, CO2, COS, H2O, SO2, and minor quantities of C2H5SH, (C2H5)2S, (C2H5)2O, and (S2COCH2CH3)2. The thermal decomposition mechanism of 1 is described with chemical reactions based on EGA-MS and solid intermediate decomposition product analysis.

Evolved Gas Analysis by Infrared Spectroscopy

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Materazzi ◽  
S. Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Evolved Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Evolved Gas

Mass loss and evolved gas analysis in thermal decomposition of solid urea

Fuel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denghui Wang ◽  
Shien Hui ◽  
Changchun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Evolved Gas Analysis ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Evolved Gas

scholarly journals Application of Evolved Gas Analysis Technique for Speciation of Minor Minerals in Clays

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
Eulalia Zumaquero Silvero ◽  
Jessica Gilabert Albiol ◽  
Eva María Díaz-Canales ◽  
María Jesús Ventura Vaquer ◽  
María Pilar Gómez-Tena
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Evolved Gas Analysis ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Evolved Gas ◽  
Analysis Technique

Mineralogical characterization of clays used in manufacturing of traditional ceramic products is critical for guarantee the quality of the final product, but also for assessing the environmental impact of the industrial process in terms of atmospheric emissions. In fact, the presence of impurities even in low-level concentrations can have a big impact. So, it is very important to carry out an accurate mineral quantification of those minerals which are related to carbon dioxide and acid emissions (hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride or sulfur dioxide). The development of hyphenated techniques coupling thermal analysis equipment with mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy provides more valuable information and lower limit quantification than other primary techniques, such as X-ray diffraction or infrared spectroscopy. The main objective of this work is to develop an analytical procedure using evolved gas analysis to identify and quantify minerals such as chlorides, sulfides, carbonaceous materials and minor clay minerals. In addition to this, the study includes the analysis of acid emissions during the ceramic firing treatment even if they are present at low quantitative levels. This methodology was applied to reference materials so that it allows the identification of sulfur, chlorine, fluorine and carbonaceous compounds in concentrations lower than 1%.

scholarly journals Sewage Sludge as Inhibitor of the Formation of Persistent Organic Pollutants during Incineration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10935
Author(s):  
Juan A. Conesa
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Chemical Inhibitors ◽  
Dried Sludge ◽  
Inhibitor Compounds

With the objective of suppressing dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) emission in municipal solid waste incineration plants (MSWI), different chemical inhibitors have been tested. Among these inhibitors, nitrogen and sulphur compounds can significantly suppress PCDD/Fs formation via de novo synthesis, which gives very interesting results with very little capital investment. In recent years, the possibility of using waste rich in nitrogen and/or sulphur as a source of inhibitor compounds has been considered, and thus has reduced the emissions of pollutants while the waste is treated. The effect of adding sludge from urban sewage treatment plants in three variants has been specially studied: directly mixing the waste, using the decomposition gas of the previously dried sludge, and using the decomposition gas of the sludge together with other inhibitors such as thiourea. Reduction of emissions in laboratory tests using model samples indicated the efficiency to be higher than 99%, using sewage sludge (SS) as an inhibitor whereas, in actual MSWI plants, the efficiency can be as high as 90%.

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