scholarly journals Lenin and Nietzsche in the Althusserian Perspective: Philosophy as Eternal Battle

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Sautkin ◽  
Elena Philippova
Keyword(s):  
Will To Power ◽  
Louis Althusser ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
The Will ◽  
Intersection Points ◽  
The Universe

The article is devoted to the identification of some intersection points in the philosophical ideas of F. Nietzsche and V. Lenin. The analysis of Lenin’s views, given by Louis Althusser in a number of his works, can serve as the methodological basis for such a comparison. In this perspective, Lenin’s understanding of philosophy is characterized by the fact that philosophy is treated not only as a theory but, above all, as a practice of struggle for domination. Lenin and Nietzsche share the dynamic view of the universe, the idea of the leading role of contradictions and struggle in the world’s being. Philosophy appears as an expression of some hidden impulses, which are ultimately reducible to the will to power. Therefore, for both thinkers knowledge appears not as the result of pure and objective cognition, but as a product of the struggle of power instincts, and knowledge itself is a necessary element of any power order.

scholarly journals Le Corbusier: architecture, music, mathematics: longing for classicism?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Germana Gonçalves ◽  
Maria João Dos Reis Moreira Soares
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Will ◽  
Music And Mathematics ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Universal Order ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Universe

Abstract: This paper aims to study the role of the relationships between architecture, music and mathematics in Le Corbusier's thought and work and their relevance in his reinterpretation of classical thinking. It seeks to understand to what extent working with this triad – a foundational and, up until the seventeenth century, dogmatic aspect of architecture in general and of its aesthetics in particular – expresses a will not to break with the fundamental and defining aspects of what could be considered as architectural thought rooted in classical tradition: that which is governed by the will to follow the universal order in the work of art; building a microcosmos according to the macrocosmos; linking, in proportion to one another, the universe, man and architecture. The Modulor presents itself as a manifestation of that will, synthesizing these aspects while proposing itself as an instrument for interdisciplinary thought and practice in which the aforementioned aspects of classical thought are present, clearly and pronouncedly. Le Corbusier’s thought and work presents itself as a twentieth century memory of an ancient and ever present tradition conscious of its struggle for “humanity”. Resumen: Este artículo pretende estudiar el papel de la relación entre arquitectura, música y matemática en el pensamiento y la obra de Le Cobusier y su significado en su reinterpretación del pensamiento clásico. Intenta entender en qué medida con esta triada – aspecto fundacional y hasta el siglo XVII dogmático de la arquitectura, en general, y de su estética, en particular – Le Corbusier expresa su recusa por cortar el vínculo con los aspectos fundamentales y definidores de lo que puede considerarse un pensamiento de tradición clásica en arquitectura: aquel tutelado por la voluntad de seguir el orden universal en la obra de arte – construyendo un microcosmos según un macrocosmos – para así vincular, a través de la proporción, universo, Hombre y arquitectura. El Modulor se presenta como manifestación de esa voluntad, sintetizando estos aspectos y presentándose como un instrumento para un pensamiento y una práctica interdisciplinares en los cuales el pensamiento clásico se encuentra clara y marcadamente presente. El pensamiento de Le Corbusier, través su mirada hacia la relación arquitectura-música-matemática, se presenta, en el siglo XX, como una memoria de una antigua y siempre presente tradición, consciente de su busca por “humanidad”.  Keywords: Le Corbusier; Architecture, music and mathematics; classical thought; Modulor. Palabras clave: Le Corbusier; Arquitectura, música y mathematica; pensamiento clásico; Modulor. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.791

The Sinful Nature of the Protagonist of Seneca's Oedipvs

Ramus ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 140-158
Author(s):  
Joe Park Poe
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Self Mutilation ◽  
Fundamental Difficulty ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Universe

The two best-known essays on Seneca's Oedipus, by Willy Schetter and Gerhard Müller, argue that the play is fundamentally a tragedy of fate, and Müller goes so far as to call fate the ‘principal actor.’ Although it may be possible to question the importance that Müller attaches to the role of fate, it is clear that the universe of Oedipus is a determined one. Not only have Oedipus' murder and marriage been predestined, but the plague and its consequences have as well. If, however, fate's control of Oedipus' actions is indisputable, it is linked with a fundamental difficulty of interpretation: that of Oedipus' guilt, which the play in the end seems emphatically to affirm (see 875f. and 1025f. and below, pp. 149f.). What does it mean to speak of moral responsibility in the absence of free choice? The notion of Oedipus' guilt would seem particularly hard to reconcile with a Stoic interpretation of the play; for Oedipus' conscious intent is virtuous, and Stoicism judges action according to the will of the agent, not its result. The view that Oedipus is innocent, moreover, appeals to our own moral logic, with its individualistic bias. Yet in the end Oedipus himself is convinced of his guilt; otherwise his self-mutilation would be unintelligible. It is at least evident that Seneca is bringing prominently to our attention a conception of wrong-doing that cannot be understood in terms of Stoic ethics.

scholarly journals Nietzsche’s Society

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Kristen Wells
Keyword(s):  
Virtue Ethics ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
The Will ◽  
New Applications

This essay asserts that Nietzsche proposes an important role for society within his ethics, and that this societal aspect has been greatly overlooked by Nietzsche scholars. By identifying a soul-state analogy and resemblance to virtue ethics, this essay contends that Nietzsche intends for societies and individuals to be seen as complementary parts of the will to power. Like Aristotle, Nietzsche prescribes an ideal society essential to greatness. By recognizing the importance of the role of society in Nietzsche’s philosophy, Nietzsche scholarship is better positioned to consider new applications of his philosophical principles with his goals in mind.

scholarly journals The Role of Statistic Information in the Information Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
S. S. Gerasymenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Universe

The article is dedicated to substantiation of the leading role of the necessity to understand and to apply the main propositions of statistics in scientific society with the aim to ensure its progressive development. In order to substantiate the currency of the solution of this questions there were considered the contradictions occurred in connection with the divergences in understanding the basic concepts, which are very often used by the society, in particular the concert “information”. Very often the concept “data” is replaced by the concept “information” that becomes in many cases the reason for appearance of incorrect terms. It was also noted the insufficient level of statistic competence of the society as to the possible character of any phenomena and processes, in the Universe and in the society, the results of which according to the results of observation, very often become false at all or mistaken conclusions. In particular, using the statistic approach the main conclusions, defined by some scientists-physicists in XX century were considered. It was proved that very often these conclusions were made without taking into account the possible character of all phenomena and processes that take place in the Universe. It’s stressed, that applying the statistic principles as for the collecting the data and creating the useful for making the decision information so for defining the conclusions according to the results of the analysis and prognostication of the phenomena and processes favours the higher of substantiation of managerial decisions. It was pointed to the drawbacks of the set of number, that make the so-called “modern sources of information” – Big Data, Business intelligence, Data mining, Smart-society, in the case of their usage for characterizing the social-economic phenomena and processes. The proposition was made about the necessity to gain the practical knowledge in statistics by all the persons who have to define the conclusions according to the results of observation of the objects and phenomena and also to develop the steps with the aim of their further changes. So while making the prognosis of social-economic phenomena and processes it is obligatory to take into consideration the main regularity of development – cyclicality. There were generalized statistic recommendations as to the forming the statistic information, the application of which will favour to higher the efficiency of the process of creating such information, which in its turn, will become the weighty factor of acceleration of the modern information society.

scholarly journals Protection of national security of Ukraine: The role of mass media

2020 ◽  
pp. 513-521
Author(s):  
Kostyuk Ostap
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Responsible Attitude ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Will

Today, in the context of the problem of protection of the national security bases, the destructive/criminogenic influence of those media that spread false or distorted information should be recognized. If such information inflames interethnic and inter-religious enmity, it promotes aggression and violence, separatism and terrorism in Ukraine. If the activities of the media are aimed at causing damage to the national security of Ukraine, then they should bear the responsibility provided for by the law, including criminal ones. In addition, the media should be actively involved in shaping public opinion, responsible attitude of the population to the rule of law, lawful activity of law enforcement agencies and the court. The development of scientific, theoretical and practical foundations for the prevention of crimes against national security of Ukraine should include the concept of minimizing the criminogenic influence of the media and enhancing their educational activities in order to form a legal culture, patriotism and justice of the citizens of Ukraine. In this context, the media play a leading role in the formation of a collective consciousness that creates a moral and patriotic social environment that compels each person to adopt the modes of action and thinking that are prevalent in this society. In the future, the findings obtained will help to develop the measures necessary for the effective implementation of educational propaganda by the domestic media among all segments of the population aimed at maintaining and securing the bases of Ukraine's national security. Prospects for improving the media activities in the field of ensuring the foundations of Ukraine's national security should be considered in the context of enhancing their positive impact on the will and consciousness of citizens.

scholarly journals Nietzsche and our discourses on identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas G. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Power Struggles ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Individual

Through his views on perspectivism and the will to power, Nietzsche indirectly influences many current discourses on identity. This article places these themes in the broader context of Nietzsche’s thought. Firstly, it is indicated how difficult it is to speak of someone’s identity by showing how many ‘Nietzsches’ appear in his writings, notebooks and letters and the accounts of his contemporaries. Such comparative readings, although they may cast new light on Nietzsche’s philosophy, are rare in Nietzsche scholarship. Next, his views on identity are briefly explored, paying attention to his rejection of the centred subject, equality and morality and his view on hierarchy, creativity and power struggles. Finally, it is argued that Nietzsche confronts our discourses on identity with challenges regarding the ubiquity of power struggles, the role of ressentiment, the possibility of communication across boundaries, the importance of the individual and the problem of affirmation.Contribution: Discourses on identity, although fashionable, are often confusing. Instead of offering solutions, this article uses Nietzsche’s life and philosophy to identify some causes of confusion and indicates where crucial decisions regarding our presuppositions have to be taken. Its aim was not to produce knowledge but, in line with Nietzsche’s practice, to ‘produce ignorance’, to question the terms we use confidently, without fully considering their meaning or implications.

scholarly journals Moral Universality and Moral Nihilism: on the Meanings of the Contemporary Revaluation of Values

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Skomorokhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Will ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Revaluation Of Values ◽  
Moral Nihilism

Modern thought is characterized by the attention to the revaluation of values. The idea of the absence of a single transcultural ethical “code” is given a moral meaning: it is seen as a condition for a dialogue that overcomes the repressive intentions of enlightenment univer­salism. This article examines the role of the moral universality idea in the formation of two types of moral nihilism that are significant for modern culture: a) first-order nihilism that re­jects the universality of specific moral concepts and b) second-order nihilism that rejects the universality of a pure moral law. In first-order nihilism, the appeal to the universality of duty serves as a means of overthrowing the universalist claims of prevailing morality. In second-order nihilism, the essential conflict in the structure of the idea of universality ends with the denial of the universality of duty. It is shown that a significant number of modern culture practices are determined by nihilism of the second order. The origins of this type of nihilism are investigated. We prove its connection with the ethical system of Kant, and, at the same time, with the will-to-power ethics of Nietzsche. The transition from Kant’s idea of universal duty to the denial of the universality of duty by Dostoevsky’s heroes is be­ing reconstructed. The analysis suggests that optimistic interpretations of the current plural situation are not justified. Without connecting the idea of universality to the idea of the ab­soluteness of moral requirements, the idea of a plurality of moral worlds leads not to a “dia­logue of different origins”, but to the gnostic construction of “multi-store humanity”.

УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ЧИННИК В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МАСОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Н. В. Фрадкіна
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Individual

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

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