scholarly journals Political Activity Indicators in Public Opinion Surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladas Gaidys
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Open Question

Indicators of regular public opinion surveys are analysed in the aspect of political activity. The main attention of analysis was focused on the indicators of voting preferences ‘will not vote’, ‘don’t know’ and ‘no answer’, also on frequencies of mentioning popular politicians in an open question, neutral answers to questions about trust in President and Seimas. The empirical basis of the paper is surveys conducted in 1989–2020 and the joined file of eleven surveys in 2019. The analysis of the data shows the difference in the answers ‘don’t know who to vote for’ before and after the elections: after the elections a considerably bigger part of respondents have their opinion on voting preferences. In an open question ‘Which politicians, in your opinion, best represent your interests?’, the highest result was fixed in 1989–1990, in the time of the highest political activity in society, and the lowest was fixed in the 20s. The neutral evaluations of President are in a close connection with positive attitudes to this institution and the neutral evaluations of Seimas are in a close relation with negative attitudes to this institution.

Informed choice to undergo prenatal screening: a comparison of two hospitals conducting testing either as part of a routine visit or requiring a separate visit

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Dormandy ◽  
R. Hooper ◽  
S. Michie ◽  
T.M. Marteau
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Setting

BACKGROUND: It is not known which of two common methods of conducting prenatal screening best facilitate women making informed choices. OBJECTIVE: To describe rates of informed choice in two hospitals: one where screening for Down’s syndrome was conducted at a routine visit; the other where screening was conducted as part of a separate visit. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. SETTING: Two hospitals in England. PARTICIPANTS: 1499 pregnant women offered screening for Down’s syndrome. Outcome measure: A multidimensional measure of informed choice derived from measures of (a) consistency between attitudes towards undergoing the test and uptake and (b) knowledge about the screening test. RESULTS: The proportion of women making an informed choice to accept the test was higher at the routine visit hospital than at the separate visit hospital (41% v 21%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the difference 16% to 25%). The proportions of women making an informed choice to decline the test were similar at the two hospitals (23% at both, 95% CI of the difference -5% to 4%). These results reflect the finding that women with negative attitudes were equally likely to decline the test at each of the two hospitals, whereas women with positive attitudes were more likely to accept the test at the routine visit hospital than at the separate visit hospital. This finding held after adjusting for parity, socioeconomic status, age, and ethnicity. At both hospitals, women with good knowledge were slightly more likely to undergo the test than were women with poor knowledge. This difference disappeared after a similar adjustment. CONCLUSION: Screening conducted as part of a routine visit may be associated with higher levels of informed choice than screening conducted at a separate visit. This finding constitutes a hypothesis for experimental investigation.

scholarly journals Comparing the attitudes and knowledge of psychiatric residents about psychotherapy before and after the psychotherapy rotation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261
Author(s):  
Ali Nazeri astaneh ◽  
Neda Ali Beigi ◽  
Farzad Nassirifar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Psychiatric Residents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Rehabilitation Sciences

Introduction: The evidence show that the attitudes to any specialty can be improved as a result of a skillful and interested presentation and negative attitudes toward psychiatry can be the particular target in clinical and non-clinical courses [1]. The present study aimed to compare the attitudes and knowledge of psychiatric residents about psychotherapy before and after the psychotherapy rotation. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive research using causal-comparative method. The population consisted of all psychiatric residents in the universities of Tehran in 2018-2019. The study was a census and all residents were asked to participate if they were willing to. From different universities of medical sciences including Iran, Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 27, 24, 25, and 41 subjects were included in the study, respectively. The total number of subjects was 117. The researcher-made questionnaire was used for three groups of residents to assess their psychiatric attitudes and knowledge: the residents who passed the theoretical and practical psychotherapy courses, the residents who have not yet passed the psychotherapy course, and those who were passing the theoretical course. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency of attitude and knowledge were 0.953 and 0.985, respectively. Findings: one-way variance analysis test was used to analyze the variables. According to the results of this test, there was a significant difference among the psychiatric residents in terms of knowledge and attitude (p<0.01). Moreover, regarding the means obtained for each group, it can be said that the residents who passed the theoretical and practical courses of psychotherapy had higher mean in attitude and knowledge than the other two groups; the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: in any educational relationship, the attitudes of educators and learners play a key role in effectiveness and success. The psychotherapy course can change the negative stereotypes about psychiatry in psychiatrists and provide an important opportunity to change their negative attitudes.

scholarly journals Are American’s Attitudes Toward GM Science Really Negative? An Academic Examination of Attitudes and Willingness to Expose Attitudes

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131
Author(s):  
Taylor K. Ruth ◽  
Joy N. Rumble ◽  
Alexa J. Lamm ◽  
Traci Irani ◽  
Jason D. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Spiral Of Silence ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Spiral Of Silence ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this study was to reexamine attitudes toward GM (genetic modification) science and explore whether tenets of the historic spiral of silence theory still exist to explain attitudes and willingness to expose attitudes. A national survey of 1,050 U.S. residents revealed the majority of respondents had positive attitudes toward GM science; however, these respondents were no more willing to express their attitudes compared to those with neutral or negative attitudes. The findings from this study did not fully support the spiral of silence but provided insight into public opinion formation and measurement.

Attitudes Toward Aging and Death Anxiety: Aging and Death Class

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Davis-Berman
Keyword(s):  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Death And Dying ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Course Development ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Aging ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Aging Class

Attitudes toward aging and fear of death were examined and compared before and after completion of a course on aging or a course on death and dying. Dramatic decreases in fear of death were observed in both classes at post-test. Despite the reduction in fear, the death class maintained negative attitudes toward aging. The aging class, however, managed to maintain positive attitudes toward older adults, while at the same time reducing death anxiety. Contradictions with the existing literature are discussed, and implications are presented for course development and implementation.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ON JAPANESE PUBLIC OPINION SURVEYS (2006–17) ABOUT NUCLEAR AND RADIATION APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 523-526
Author(s):  
Takeshi Iimoto ◽  
Ryuta Takashima ◽  
Hiroshi Kimura ◽  
Kazuhisa Kawakami ◽  
Hironori Endo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Related Event ◽  
Nuclear Disaster ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Energy Relations ◽  
Term Fluctuation

Abstract Public opinion on the application of nuclear technology and radiation could change when a nuclear related event occurs. Japan Atomic Energy Relations Organization has tracked its variation through a nationwide opinion survey in Japan by almost the same way every year since FY 2006. We can identify a continuous long-term fluctuation of Japanese opinion before and after the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster using the data. In this study we focused on the trends of public opinion for nuclear energy, impressions and knowledge on radiation, and zero-risk request. For example, radiation can be recognised that it is dangerous and complicated matter by Japanese public regardless of that accident. However, a big change of opinions on radiation was shown on the impression for the word of ‘Useful’ between before and after the accident.

scholarly journals A consumer-led intervention to improve pharmacists' attitudes toward mental illness

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel M. Rickles ◽  
Alison DaCosta
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Attitudes Toward Mental Illness

Abstract Introduction: Individuals with a severe and persistent mental illness often manage complex medication regimens and would benefit from support and education from their pharmacist. Past research has shown that community pharmacists have negative attitudes toward mental illnesses, and these attitudes affect willingness to provide services to patients with mental illnesses. Consumer-led interventions have shown benefit to improve student attitudes toward mental illness. However, there are no known studies showing the benefit of consumer-led educational programs to improve pharmacist attitudes toward mental illness and willingness to provide services to those with mental illnesses. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a consumer-led continuing education program on pharmacists' attitudes toward and willingness to provide services to consumers with mental illnesses. Methods: Fifty pharmacists participated in the program with 2 parts: discussion on the history of mental health care and consumers sharing their experiences. Pharmacists completed 1 survey before and after the program. Surveys asked about pharmacists' attitudes toward mental illness and willingness to provide services to individuals with schizophrenia compared to asthma. Data were analyzed using descriptive and paired t tests. Results: Paired t tests showed a significant decrease in social distance and increase in positive attitudes and willingness to provide services to patients with mental illnesses immediately after the program. Discussion: The immediate increase in positive attitudes and willingness to provide services to consumers with mental illnesses indicates that consumer-led interventions may be an effective way to improve the provision of pharmacy services to patients with mental illnesses.

Determinants of Public Attitudes Towards Immigrants: Evidence from Arab Barometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-121
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Emre Ceyhun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Sense Of Security

Abstract What factors determine public opinion towards immigrants? This inquiry is especially crucial in the context of developing countries since they hold 80 per cent of global refugee populations. Lebanon, with the burden on its shoulders due to hosting about one million Syrians, offers a unique case to study the mechanisms driving the formation of attitudes towards immigrants. In this article, I examine how Syrian density is associated with Lebanese attitudes towards immigrants. Using Arab Barometer Wave IV data (2016), I test three arguments linking public attitudes to natives’ economic, security, and sectarian concerns. My analysis suggests that there is no relationship between employment status and negative attitudes towards immigrants. Instead, I argue that perceived economic situation and sense of security provide better mechanisms for the formation of natives’ attitudes towards immigrants. Moreover, I present the observational evidence that Lebanese attitudes towards immigrants are driven by one’s sectarian affiliation. Notably, Christians are more likely to adopt positive attitudes towards immigrants as Syrian density increases, compared with Shi’as more likely to cite prejudice.

The ‘end of pan-Arabism’ revisited: reflections on the Arab Spring

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Mohamed Sawani
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Public Opinion Surveys ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Arab Spring

This article draws on implications of the Arab Spring so as to elucidate the dynamics that characterize its revolutions. The analysis builds upon the results of major public opinion surveys conducted in the Arab world, both immediately before and after the Arab Spring, in order to facilitate the identification of developments that shape the relationship between Arabism and Islamism in the context of mass media, the demographic ‘youth bulge’ and Arab ongoing intellectual debates. The argument advanced here is that the Arab Spring consolidates the view that Arabism and Islamism have maintained their position and hold on public opinion and prevailing attitudes as the primary and inseparable trends of Arab thought. The interaction and shifting relative weights of both trends provide the context for the identity, conceptual outlook and reciprocal framework of contemporary Arabs; and the Arab Spring seems only to confirm the two trends as constituting the essential point of reference and departure for Arabs. Within this context and scope of analysis this article traces the emergence of a ‘historical mass’ for change that, coupled with an indelibly engrained link between the two trends is opening up a new conceptual sphere and public space for the emergence of a new Arabism. Such development is also supported by the role of mass media and the thoughtful intellectual contributions that have been advancing a new Arab paradigm which further refutes the ‘End of Arabism’ thesis.

scholarly journals Investigating the attitudes of Canadian paramedic students towards homelessness

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Cochrane ◽  
Priya Pithia ◽  
Emma Laird ◽  
Kelly Mifflin ◽  
Venessa Sonley-Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
First Year ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Before And After

AbstractIntroductionWhen paramedics are dispatched, it is expected that every patient receives the same level of care regardless of variable factors. Homelessness is a growing social issue across Canada that is particularly prevalent in urban areas. The quality of healthcare delivered to individuals experiencing homelessness may be influenced by negative attitudes held by healthcare professionals. There is an absence of literature quantifying the perspectives of paramedics towards homelessness; therefore, the focus of this study was to identify the attitudes of paramedic students towards homelessness and to continue the conversation in regards to the evolving educational needs of paramedic students.MethodsThis study employed a longitudinal design of a convenience sample of first year paramedic students in a college program in Ontario, Canada. The ‘Health Professional’s Attitude Towards the Homeless Inventory’ (HPATHI) was distributed to participants before and after placement and clinical exposure. The questionnaire includes 19 statements which participants respond to on a Likert scale. Mean scores were calculated, and statements were categorized into attitudes, interest, and confidence. Data were collected post-placement on interactions with persons experiencing homelessness.ResultsA total of 52 first year paramedic students completed the HPATHI pre-placement and 47 completed the questionnaire post-placement. Mean scores for attitudes (pre 3.64, SD 0.49; post 3.85, SD 0.38, p=0.032), interest (pre 3.91, SD 0.40; post 3.84, SD 0.39,p=0.51) and confidence (pre 4.02, SD 0.50; post 3.71, SD 0.67, p=0.004) were largely positive, but there was a demonstrated decreasing trend in confidence with, and interest in, working with those experiencing homelessness. Participants reported an average of 60 hours of placement, during which 15 participants (32%) reported interactions with people experiencing homelessness.ConclusionFirst year paramedic students demonstrate overall positive attitudes towards those experiencing homelessness, and the mean score for attitudes improved over the surveys. However, there were demonstrable decreases in confidence and interest over time, which may be related to the type and frequency of interactions during clinical placement. Paramedic education programs may benefit from the inclusion of focused education on homelessness, specific clinical experiences, and education related to social determinants of health.

scholarly journals When a conspiracy theory goes mainstream, people feel more positive toward conspiracy theorists

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 205316802110676
Author(s):  
Curtis Bram
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Conspiracy Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Political Spectrum

This paper uses an experiment and a follow-up survey immediately before and after the publicly revealed results of the Department of Defense’s 2021 report on unidentified flying object (UFO) origins to test how public opinion changes when government leaders across the political spectrum take an issue that had been on the margins of respectability seriously. In both studies, I find that when politicians acknowledge the possibility that UFOs are extraterrestrial visitors, people report more positive attitudes toward those who believe in conspiracies in general. Implications are that when government leaders publicly walk back a long-held consensus that a particular issue is not worth serious consideration, they may cause people to feel more favorable toward those perceived to hold other fringe views.

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