scholarly journals Christ in the Works of Two Jewish Artists: When Art is Interreligious Dialogue

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina S. Hayman
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Marc Chagall ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Face ◽  
Primitive Forms ◽  
Relationship Of

Painter Marc Chagall and sculptor Jacob Epstein, both of whom were from orthodox Jewish backgrounds, each created a number of works of Christ. Although in Epstein's case, and only later in his career, some of these works were commissioned, both Chagall's and Epstein's works of Christ were self-driven. Chagall described himself as having been "haunted" by the face of Christ in his early years and his several crucifixion paintings were of a Jesus who was not the Christ of Christian dogma, but a "Jewish Jesus" who summed up the suffering of the Jewish people. Epstein similarly created a Christ that was beyond the conventions of the time, through his predilection for using primitive forms in his work. During his life-time, many of Epstein's Christs were met with resistance, but the more visionary critics understood the importance of his work in freeing the image of Christ from the matrix of convention and opening new possibilities of theological perception and understanding. The work of both Chagall and Epstein, who were contemporaries, is examined in relation to Jewish modernism, a movement ongoing in their formative years and before, in which Jewish intellectuals, writers and artists were engaged in efforts to work-out the relationship of Judaism to Jesus and the surrounding Christian world. The atrocities of the Holocaust effectively ended this dialogue. The potential contributions of the thought and creative works of this pre-World War II interreligious interchange to contemporary Jewish-Christian dialogue are discussed.

Biblical Theology and the Apocrypha

2021 ◽  
pp. 533-550
Author(s):  
David A. deSilva
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Biblical Theology ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Face ◽  
Theology Of History ◽  
Wisdom Tradition ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
The Church

The books of the Apocrypha contain extensive reflection on the theologies of earlier Jewish writings, particularly in regard to election, the Torah, and the Deuteronomistic theology of history, in the face of several critical situations facing the Jewish people (the advance and advantages of Hellenization, the repression of Judaism under Antiochus IV, ongoing life as a minority culture throughout the Diaspora, and domination and devastation under Rome). They also bear witness to important developments both in personal and national eschatology and in the identification of supernatural forces impacting human existence (e.g., angels and demons). Early Christians, in turn, found these texts to provide important resources for their reflection upon the person and work of Jesus, applying developments within the Wisdom tradition in their delineation of the relationship of the Son to God and within the Jewish martyrological traditions to their professions about the atoning force of Jesus’ death. These texts thus exercised an important influence on the theologies articulated in the New Testament and the development of the doctrines and creeds embraced by the universal church, despite the ongoing discussions within the church concerning their canonical status.

Oil spill, August 1944: the CULA expedition and the North Slope Inupiat

Polar Record ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Robert A. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
North Slope ◽  
World War ◽  
The North ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Navy Personnel ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACTAn oil spill that occurred on 21 August 1944 near the Inupiat village of Barrow on Alaska's North Slope provides the focus for a brief history of activity in the face of extreme conditions and the evolving relationship of US Navy personnel and Inupiat natives of the region. The emotional recollections of an Inupiat elder are contrasted with the growing respect of the navy personnel for the Inupiat. The economic and social effects of oil explorations towards the end of World War II and the early post-war years are briefly discussed. These events form a part of the socio-economic background of current and proposed arctic oil development.

Defining the ‘best interests’ of children during the post-1945 transformations in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 161189442110204
Author(s):  
Olga Gnydiuk
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Refugee Children ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Displaced Children ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post War ◽  
Welfare Workers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

After World War II, the welfare workers of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration and International Refugee Organization took care of refugee children in post-war Germany and assisted them in returning to their home countries. This article analyses the changes in welfare workers’ decisions about the future of unaccompanied displaced children of presumably Ukrainian origin in the light of the post-1945 transformations. It explores the relationship of transformations in the humanitarian approach to child resettlement with geopolitical ruptures between the former Allies after 1945. It aims to demonstrate that by 1947, welfare workers’ preconceived notion that the ‘best interests’ of Ukrainian children were served by reconnecting them with family and homeland, wherever possible, had given way in the face of political transformations that welfare workers confronted on the ground during the transition from war to peace. Despite their deep commitment to restoring children to their national and familial roots, they soon began to consider that allowing Ukrainian refugee children to emigrate was better for them than their repatriation to Soviet Ukraine.

scholarly journals Holocaust Representation and Graphical Strangeness in Art Spiegelman’s Maus: A Survivor’s Tale: “Funny Animals,” Constellations, and Traumatic Memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Gavrilă
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Pulitzer Prize ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Holocaust Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Cultural Connotations

Abstract Art Spiegelman’s MAUS, a Pulitzer-prize-winning two-volume graphic novel, zooms into wartime Poland, interweaving young Vladek’s – the author’s father – experiences of World War II and the present day through uncanny visual and verbal representational strategies characteristic of the comics medium. “I’m literally giving a form to my father’s words and narrative”, Spiegelman remarks on MAUS, “and that form for me has to do with panel size, panel rhythms, and visual structures of the page”. The risky artistic strategies and the “strangeness” of its form, to use Harold Bloom’s term, are essential to how the author represents the horrors of the Holocaust: by means of anthropomorphic caricatures and stereotypes depicting Germans as cats, Jewish people as mice, Poles as pigs, and so on. Readings of MAUS often focus on the cultural connotations in the context of postmodernism and in the Holocaust literature tradition, diminishing the importance of its hybrid narrative form in portraying honest, even devastating events. Using this idea as a point of departure, along with a theoretical approach to traumatic memory and the oppressed survivor’s story, I will cover three main topics: the “bleeding” and re-building of history, in an excruciating obsession to save his father’s – a survivor of Auschwitz – story for posterity and to mend their alienating relationship and inability to relate; the connection between past and present, the traumatic subject, and the vulnerability it assumes in drawing and writing about life during the Holocaust as well as the unusual visual and narrative structure of the text. The key element of my study, as I analyse a range of sections of the book, focuses on the profound and astonishing strangeness of the work itself, which consequently assured MAUS a canonical status in the comics’ tradition.

scholarly journals PANTERA NO PORÃO: TOTALITARISMO, PERSEGUIÇÃO, MAL-ESTAR E EXPERIÊNCIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GISÉLLE RAZERA
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Israel ◽  
The Way

Resumo: Este trabalho deriva da análise do livro Pantera no Porão, de Amós Oz, sob o prisma do ensaio “Mal-estar na Civilização”, de Sigmund Freud, e do livro As origens do to-talitarismo, de Hanna Arendt. Além disso, tem na obra Holocausto, história dos judeus na Europa na Segunda Guerra Mundial, de Martin Gilbert, o texto que embasa a contextuali-zação do chão histórico sobre as condições de vida do povo judeu no Velho Continente e no artigo “O Estado de Israel: fundamentos históricos” a fundamentação que visa descrever o processo de formação do Estado de Israel. A abordagem apresentada neste artigo busca dar evidência ao modo como a perseguição aos judeus – descrita por Arendt e Gilbert, além dos pressupostos de Freud – está representada nas páginas de Pantera no porão, narrativa que tem como pano de fundo a fixação da comunidade judaica em terras árabes. Palavras-chave: Amós Oz – Pantera no Porão – Holocausto – Totalitarismo – Israel. Abstract: Panther in the Basement: totalitarianism, persecution, malaise and experience This work is derived from the analysis of Amos Oz's Panther in the Basement, under the prism of Sigmund Freud's essay "Malaise in Civilization" and Hanna Arendt's The Origins of Totalitarianism. In addition to the history of the Jews in Europe in World War II, by Martin Gilbert, the text of the Holocaust, the history of the Jewish people in the Old Conti-nent and the article "The State of Israel: Historical grounds" the grounds for describing the process of formation of the State of Israel. The approach presented in this ar-ticle seeks to give evidence to the way in which the persecution of the Jews – described by Arendt and Gilbert, in addition to the assumptions of Freud – is represented in the pages of Pantera in the basement, narrative that has as background the fixation of the Jewish com-munity in Arab lands. Keywords: Amos Oz - Panther in the Basement - Holocaust - Totalitarianism – Israel.

Revelation after the Holocaust

2021 ◽  
pp. 435-456
Author(s):  
Gregory Yuri Glazov
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Banality Of Evil ◽  
Jewish Heritage ◽  
Finding Meaning ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Divine Punishment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The challenges which the Holocaust presents to reflections, especially Judeo-Christian, on divine revelation may be introduced by surveying how some poets, philosophers, and psychologists who have debated the seemliness of finding meaning in its barbarity have identified the search for this meaning to be intrinsic to conscience and necessary to human resistance against the banality of evil. However, by being the Nazi attempt and failure to exterminate the Jewish people in particular, the Holocaust must be defined in ways that address the sense of betrayal and abandonment fostered in its Jewish victims by their biblical conceptions of being the recipients and bearers of divine revelation. These definitions represent the Holocaust either as an event continuous with Jewish heritage and history, or so discontinuous as warranting either their negation or reformation in ways that suggest the contours of a new revelation. The many Jewish biblical and theological models guiding reflection on the Holocaust militate against reductionistic positions which represent it as a divine punishment and open up to representing the Jewish people as a Servant given to participate in the anguish which God nurtures for the created world. The extent to which the Holocaust was facilitated by Christian theological contempt for Judaism, and the extent to which this contempt was fostered by Christian scripture and tradition, all these stand to reveal the need for Christians to renew their understanding of Christian-Jewish relationships in general and of the relationship of Christology to Jewish suffering in particular.

Intellectuals and Nazism

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Moyn
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Ideology ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
History Of Europe ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Although Nazism was destroyed totally and decisively at the end of World War II, the relationship of intellectuals to it as the years passed thereafter never proved simple. Its formation and evolution depended above all on two factors. First, intellectuals drew on traditions of conceptualising the nature of the Nazi ideology and Adolf Hitler's regime forged before the war: anti-fascism and anti-totalitarianism. Second, an evolving politics of recognition of the particularities of Hitler's agenda, and especially his unique animus towards the Jewish people, proved crucial. The persistence of the earliest traditions of interpreting and denouncing Nazism has been drastically understated in conventional narratives of the postwar history of Europe. It may have been surprising that Christianity, even Christian anti-totalitarianism, could enjoy a massive renaissance in the immediate postwar years, given the active and tacit support which many Christians had lent Nazism in Germany and across the continent. France's case shows that – as elsewhere in the interregnum years between World and Cold War – there was no inevitability to the anti-fascist expulsion of Jewish victimhood from perception and memory.

Twice Exiled: Leo Zuckermann (1908–85) and the Limits of the Communist Promise

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200942091470
Author(s):  
Philipp Graf
Keyword(s):  
National Socialism ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interim Period

Beginning with an encounter between Erich Honecker and the Jewish communist Leo Zuckermann that took place in Mexico City in September 1981, this article investigates the relationship of the communist movement in the German-speaking world to the ‘Jewish question’ and the Holocaust. At a reception of the GDR embassy on the occasion of Honecker’s state visit, the Chairman of the State Council shook hands with Zuckermann, a formerly high-ranking Socialist Unity Party of Germany functionary who had fled the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in 1952, and assured him that he was happy to see him again. This gesture by Honecker rehabilitated a man over whom a blanket of silence had been spread in the GDR decades earlier: during his first exile in Mexico, Zuckermann had developed positions that granted the Jewish people in light of the crimes of National Socialism the right both to restitution and to an independent state. This article offers new insights into the genesis of Zuckermann’s thinking and illuminates the reactions of the party leadership, which was surprisingly not opposed to such partisanship on behalf of the Jewish collective during a short ‘interim period’ from 1943/4 to 1948/9.

scholarly journals House of Memories and Oblivion by Filip David: Literature, Memory and Death

2017 ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Časlav V. Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Symbolic Order ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
World War ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paper, is to determine the status of the Holocaust themes in contemporary Serbian literature. Philip David’s novel House of memories and oblivion contains resonances of the civilization after World War II considering the fate of Jewish people in this war. The attempt to highlight the work and the way of Western civilization to define itself in respect of the Holocaust was made. David’s novel is an example of a literary text which tests the boundaries of narrative regarding life of those who survived the Holocaust and tryed to find their identity. Literary discourse also allows to search for the truth about the crime in the gaps of the symbolic order of our world.

scholarly journals From National Autonomy to Independent State: The Bund in the Face of the State of Israel, 1948-1989

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Yosef Gorny
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
The State ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Independent State ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
National Autonomy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Refugee Problem ◽  
State Of Israel

The title of the article ’From National Autonomy to Independent State‘ refers to the gradual change that occurred in the wake of the Holocaust with respect to the Bund’s refusal to recognize the State of Israel as the national home of the Jewish people during its first forty years. Yet notwithstanding the historical anti-Zionism ideology of the Bund, the movement never wavered in its identification with the State while remaining critical of Israel’s policy towards the Arab refugee problem created by the War of Independence (1948-1949).

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