Study on Boron-bead Combustion Characteristics for High Energy Gas Generator

The paper presents the results of thermodynamic calculations of the effect of pure boron additives on combustion characteristics of high-energy materials (HEM) based on ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, active fuel-binder, and powders of aluminum Al, titanium Ti, magnesium Mg, and boron B. The combustion parameters and the equilibrium composition of condensed combustion products (CCPs) of HEM model compositions were obtained with thermodynamic calculation program “Terra.” The compositions of solid propellants with different ratios of metals (Al/B, Ti/B, Mg/B, and Al/Mg/B) were considered. The combustion temperature Tad in a combustion chamber, the vacuum specific impulse J at the nozzle exit, and the mass fraction ma of the CCPs for HEMs were determined.

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Emission Characteristics of Water in Diesel Nanoemulsions in Diesel Engine

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.248 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 832 ◽

pp. 248-253

Author(s):

B.S. Bidita ◽

Suraya Abdul Rashid ◽

Azni B. Idris ◽

Mohamad Amran Mohd Salleh

Keyword(s):

Alternative Fuels ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

High Energy ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Exhaust Gas ◽

Test Bed ◽

Environmental Aspects ◽

Wide Range ◽

Exhaust Gas Emissions

Nanoemulsions are a class of nanomaterials which play an increasingly important role in commercial and environmental aspects. Water-in-diesel (W/D) nanoemulsion is considered one of the environmental friendly alternative fuels for reducing the emission pollution of internal combustion engine such as diesel engines. In this context, a study has been made to evaluate the combustion characteristics of W/D nanoemulsion fuel. A wide range of surfactant concentration (0.25% to 0.40% v/v) with varying amount of water percentage (0.5% to 0.8% v/v) was used in the preparation of W/D nanoemulsion fuel. The high energy emulsification method was applied to prepare W/D nanoemulsions. The combustion characteristics of W/D nanoemulsions are presented in terms of different formulating compositions. An engine test bed was used to combust the W/D nanoemulsions for measuring the exhaust emission concentrations such as CO, CO2 and NH3. A reduction in the concentrations of exhaust gas emissions was notified.

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Low BTU Fuels for Gas Turbines

Volume 1A: General ◽

10.1115/74-gt-21 ◽

1974 ◽

Author(s):

R. B. Schiefer ◽

D. A. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

Environmental Performance ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Thermal Cycle ◽

Thermodynamic Cycle ◽

High Energy ◽

Chemical Processes ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

Cycle Performance ◽

The Impact

The current shortage of conventional gas turbine fuels has created the need for new sources of “clean” fuel. One of the most promising new fuels is low Btu gaseous fuel, such as produced by air injected coal or oil gasifiers or other chemical processes. The various sources of low Btu fuels and their combustion characteristics are discussed. To burn many of the low Btu fuels in the 100–300 Btu/scf range necessitates certain design modifications to the gas turbine originally optimized for high energy fuels. The extent of the modification depends greatly on the low Btu fuel. The impact of low Btu fuels on the gas turbine thermodynamic cycle performance and environmental performance is very encouraging. From the environmental viewpoint, low Btu fuels promise to be “clean” fuels while providing increased output at higher thermal cycle efficiencies than achieved with conventional fuels.

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An Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Mini Gas Generator by using a Automotive Airbag Inflater

Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology ◽

10.9766/kimst.2013.16.6.881 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 881-888

Author(s):

Jong-Han Kim ◽

Sang-Moo Lee ◽

Bang-Sik Kim

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

Gas Generator

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Analysis of the Biomass Integrated Combined Cycles With Two Different Structures of Gas Turbines

Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Manufacturing, Materials and Metallurgy; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/gt2008-50317 ◽

2008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sebastian Lepszy ◽

Tadeusz Chmielniak

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Gas Turbines ◽

Biomass Conversion ◽

High Energy ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Gas Generator ◽

Gas Cleaning ◽

Combined Cycles ◽

The Impact

Biomass integrated gasification combined cycles (BIGCC) are an interesting solution for electricity production. In relation to other biomass conversion technologies, BIGCC is characterized by relative high energy efficiency. For the sake of high complexity of such systems, one of crucial tasks is evaluation and comparison of the different technological structures of BIGCC. The article shows models and results of simulations of gas steam cycles integrated with biomass gasification. All models and simulations are preformed with Aspen Plus computer program. In the paper the main comparison is made between systems with simple gas turbine and gas turbine with regeneration. Simple gas turbine model based on LM2500 gas turbine parameters, Mercury 50 gas turbine parameters are used for model of gas turbine with regeneration. The model of gas generator consists of two equilibrium reactors. The use of two reactors led to more precise simulations of the flue gas composition, than the model with one reactor. Systems used for study include low-temperature gas cleaning system. Steam cycle consists of 1-pressure heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and a condensing steam turbine. The main results of the work are: comparison of energy efficiency between system with gas turbine with regeneration and simple gas turbine, sensitive analysis of the impact of pressure in HRSG on energy efficiency, comparison of energy efficiency and heat and mass streams for different configurations of heat exchangers.

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Combustion Characteristics of High-Energy-Density Fuels and Solid ‚ÄîGas Interface Analyses

Advances in Chemical Propulsion - Environmental & Energy Engineering ◽

10.1201/9781420040685.ch5 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

C Segal ◽

S Pal ◽

S Pethe ◽

H Udaykumar ◽

W Shyy

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

High Energy ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

High Energy Density

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Operation of a Caterpillar 3516 Spark-Ignited Engine on Low-Btu Fuel

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.3240061 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 443-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

N. C. Macari ◽

R. D. Richardson

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Landfill Gas ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

Continuous Operation ◽

Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽

Gas Generator ◽

Heating Value

The use of an engine-generator package, fueled by landfill gas, to produce usable electrical power has generated considerable interest among both landfill operators and engine manufacturers. Landfill gas operation presents some unusual technical challenges that require preparation of the gas prior to engine consumption as well as modifications to the spark-ignited engine. The primary obstacles to landfill gas operation are the low-Btu content of the gas, its poor combustion characteristics, and fluctuations in the heating value of the gas. Even so, the engine was not derated from the standard natural gas generator set rating of 762 kW net electrical output. In addition, the engine performance was optimized to meet the EPA site laws for stationary gas engines while still maintaining very low brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Finally, 90 days of continuous operation demonstrated engine durability.

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