scholarly journals Development of caryological and molecular-genetic investigations of wetland and dryland populations of conifers

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
T. S. Sedel'nikova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Isozyme Markers ◽  
Dry Lands ◽  
Evolution Of Karyotypes ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Genotypic Structure ◽  
Secondary Constrictions

Aim. On the basis of studies which carried out by various authors, regularities of karyotypic and genetic divergence of populations of conifers growing in wetlands and dry lands are analyzed. Methods. The karyological and molecular-genetic methods of analysis are used. Results. Data are obtained on possible ways of evolution of karyotypes, consisting in changes in the number of chromosomes, the size and morphology of chromosomes, the number of secondary constrictions in chromosomes, the spectrum of chromosome rearrangements, and the frequency of their occurrence, distinguishing wetland populations of conifers species from dry land ones. With the help of isozyme markers and markers of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes differences in the genetic structure of conifers populations from wetlands and dry lands are revealed. Conclusions. The genotypic structure of conifers species in wetlands and dry lands, caused by different vector of natural selection in contrasting ecological conditions of growth, differs significantly, and their karyotypic and genetic differentiation corresponds to the level of populations and groups of populations. Keywords: populations of conifers, wetlands, dry lands, karyological and molecular-genetic markers.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure Analysis Reveals Decreased but Moderate Diversity for the Oriental Fire-Bellied Toad Introduced to Beijing after 90 Years of Independent Evolution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1429
Author(s):  
Yang Teng ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Guofen Zhu ◽  
Fuli Gao ◽  
Yingying Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Independent Evolution ◽  
Loop Region

Detailed molecular genetic research on amphibian populations has a significant role in understanding the genetic adaptability to local environments. The oriental fire-bellied toads (Bombina orientalis) were artificially introduced to Beijing from Shandong Province in 1927, and since then, this separated population went through an independent evolution. To explore the differentiation of the introduced population with its original population, this study analyzed the genetic structure of the oriental fire-bellied toad, based on the mitochondrial genome control region and six microsatellite sites. The results showed that the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of the mitochondrial D-loop region partial sequences of the Beijing Botanical Garden population and the Baiwangshan population were lower than those of the Shangdong Kunyushan population. Microsatellite marker analysis also showed that the observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity of the Beijing populations were lower than those of the Kunyushan population. The phylogenetic trees and network diagrams of haplotypes indicated that the three populations were not genetically separated. However, the structure analysis showed a genetic differentiation and categorized the sampling individuals into Beijing and Shandong genetic clusters, which indicated a tendency for isolated evolution in the Beijing population. Although the Beijing populations showed a decline in genetic diversity, it was still at a moderate level, which could maintain the survival of the population. Thus, there is no need to reintroduce new individuals from the Kunyushan source population.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Issue of the Molecular-genetic Structure of the Causative Agent of the Bovine Leukemia Virus in the Russian Federation

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Mikhailovna Donnik ◽  
Maksim Valeryevich Petropavlovsky ◽  
Anna Sergeevna Krivonogova ◽  
Irina Alekseevna Shkuratova ◽  
Marzena Rola-Łuszczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
The Russian Federation

scholarly journals Lobster Fishery Connectivity and Management in Indonesia Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waluyo Waluyo ◽  
Taslim Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Biophysical Modeling ◽  
The Individual

The distribution of lobsters in Indonesia waters is very wide, even lobster species in Indonesia are also scattered in the tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, Africa to Japanese waters.Indonesia waters are divided into 11 (eleven) Fishery Management Zone (FMZ). Lobsters in Indonesia may come from various water areas, both national and regional waters zone, it’s called the sink population, its spread is influenced by the movement of the current. Lobster seed is nurtured by nature through oceancurrents from Australia, East Indonesia, Japan, then back to Australia. Lobsters have a complex life cycle,where adult lobsters inhabit coral reefs as a place to lay eggs, then hatch into planktonic larvae, and grow up in open seas and carry out diurnal and ontogenetic vertical migrations before returning to nurseries in shallow coastal areas and reefs. coral, as well as habitat by the type of species. Literature research had used at leasttwo methodologies to estimate the distribution and connection sensitivity matrices of marine organism larvae.The two most common approaches are using genetic markers and numerical biophysical modeling. Thus, this research uses molecular genetic techniques to explain the genetic structure of lobster populations using a biophysical model approach that can explain the genetic structure of lobsters, as well as the distribution base on regional oceanographic synthesis data and lobster biology known in Indonesia waters. This model has four components, namely: 1) a benthic module based on a Geographical Information System (GIS) which is a lobster habitat in the spawning and recruitment process, 2) a physical oceanography module containing daily velocity in the form of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, 3) a larva biology module that describes larval life history characteristics, and 4) a Lagrangian Stochastic module that tracks the individual trajectories of larvae.

scholarly journals Genetic structure analysis of leaf rust resistant triticale accessions from the VIR collection using gliadin patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
T. I. Peneva ◽  
N. M. Martynenko ◽  
E. Yu. Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Gliadin Patterns ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Ongoing Formation ◽  
Genotypic Structure

The gliadin banding patterns of important accessions from the collection of the N. I. Vavilov All‑Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) registered in the form of “protein formulas” provide reliable information for the preparation of a “protein passport” for each accession and is convenient for storage and computer processing. It helps to control originality and integrity of accessions during regeneration and their use in breeding. The study involved 17 triticale accessions resistant to leaf rust. The analysis was carried out on single grains of the original accession (a sample of 13–26 kernels) according to the standard protocol adopted by VIR and approved by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). The gliadin electrophoretic banding patterns of triticale accessions were registered in the form of “protein formulas”; polymorphism of each accession and genetic diversity within the collection were estimated, and genetic structure of accessions was identified based on the marker protein components. A large variety of the revealed genotypes opens a possibility to identify accessions that combine resistance with other useful traits. Stable and polymorphic accessions including from 2 to 7 biotypes were found. The discovery of interbiotype hybrids and recombinant genotypes in the composition of some polymorphic accessions indicates the instability of their genetic structure and the ongoing formation process. This is due to the heterogeneity of the original parental forms, the tendency to cross‑pollination and insufficiently thorough selection. The data on the triticale genotypic structure can be used in introgressive breeding to control the transfer of rye genetic material to wheat varieties in order to increase their immunity and resistance to adverse factors.

scholarly journals Patterns of Genome-Wide Variation, Population Differentiation and SNP Discovery of the Red Banded Stink Bug (Piezodorus guildinii)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria I. Zucchi ◽  
Erick M. G. Cordeiro ◽  
Clint Allen ◽  
Mariana Novello ◽  
João Paulo Gomes Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure

Abstract Unravelling the details of range expansion and ecological dominance shifts of insect pests has been challenging due to the lack of basic knowledge about population structure, gene flow, and most importantly, how natural selection is affecting the adaptive process. Piezodous guildinii is an emerging pest of soybean in the southern region of the United States, and increasingly important in Brazil in recent years. However, the reasons P. guildinii is gradually becoming more of a problem are questions still mostly unanswered. Here, we have genotyped P. guildinii samples and discovered 1,337 loci containing 4,083 variant sites SNPs that were used to estimate genetic structure and to identify gene candidates under natural selection. Our results revealed the existence of a significant genetic structure separating populations according to their broad geographic origin, i.e., U.S. and Brazil, supported by AMOVA (FGT = 0.26), STRUCTURE, PCA, and FST analyses. High levels of gene flow or coancestry within groups (i.e., within countries) can be inferred from the data, and no spatial pattern was apparent at the finer scale in Brazil. Samples from different seasons show more heterogeneous compositions suggesting mixed ancestry and a more complex dynamic. Lastly, we were able to detect and successfully annotated 123 GBS loci (10.5%) under positive selection. The gene ontology (GO) analysis implicated candidate genes under selection with genome reorganization, neuropeptides, and energy mobilization. We discuss how these findings could be related to recent outbreaks and suggest how new efforts directed to better understand P. guildinii population dynamics.

scholarly journals Molecular Genetic Analysis of Cucumber mosaic virus Populations Infecting Pepper Suggests Unique Patterns of Evolution in Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 993-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Jang-Kyun Seo ◽  
Hae-Ryun Kwak ◽  
Jeong-Soo Kim ◽  
Kook-Hyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequencing ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms

Studying genetic structure and diversity of viruses is important to understand the evolutionary mechanisms that generate and maintain variations in viral populations. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is endemic in most pepper fields in Korea. Currently, no effective methods for control of CMV are available due to many environmental and biological factors such as the extensive evolutionary capacity of CMV. Thus, analyzing the genetic structure of CMV populations may facilitate the development of strategies for the control of CMV. In this study, 252 pepper (Capsicum annuum) samples showing virus symptoms were collected by field surveys performed throughout Korea in 2007. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that, in total, 165 collected samples were infected with CMV. Forty-five CMV isolates were randomly selected within each regional subpopulation and analyzed by full-genome sequencing. Analyses of genetic diversity showed that the 2b gene of CMV is under weaker purifying selection than the other genes. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of RNA1, the CMV isolates from pepper were divided into three clusters in subgroup I. Our full-genome sequence-based molecular analyses of the CMV Korean population suggest that the subpopulations of CMV have been geographically localized in pepper fields in Korea.

scholarly journals Increased fire frequency promotes stronger spatial genetic structure and natural selection at regional and local scales in Pinus halepensis Mill

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina B. Budde ◽  
Santiago C. González-Martínez ◽  
Miguel Navascués ◽  
Concetta Burgarella ◽  
Elena Mosca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Fire Frequency
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