scholarly journals Assessment of introgression wheat lines for yield, protein yield and resistance to diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
I. I. Motsnyi ◽  
O.O. Molodchenkova ◽  
V.N. Bezlyudnyi ◽  
M.A. Litvinenko ◽  
Ye.A. Holub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Leaf Pubescence ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Resistance To Diseases

Aim. To determine the value of breeding traits from new sources by studying the resistance to diseases, protein content and their relationship with the productivity of introgression wheat lines. Methods. Growing plants under infection backgrounds of wheat diseases was combined with the laboratory methods for determining protein content and weight of 1000 kernels. Results. Disease resistance has depended on the pathogen species and the source of alien variability. Prolonged resistance to stem rust has been observed only among the derivatives of the collection sample H74/90-245, containing the translocation 1BL.1RS in the karyotype and T. timopheevii in the pedigree. Derivatives Ae. tauschii gradually lost the resistance to the time of full maturation. Conclusions. The parameters of plant resistance to diseases, protein content and yield, absolute protein content in 1000 kernels should be used for the material selection. The best lines have been selected from 736 introgression lines. They characterized by high productivity in some years, large grain, high protein content, disease resistance, adaptability to local environments and devoid of the wild species negative qualities. The lines are of interest for further breeding work in the south of Ukraine. Lines with leaf pubescence from T. timopheevii and with modified translocation 1BL.1RSm were characterized by low productivity.Keywords: wheat, introgression lines, disease resistance, protein content, productivity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of synthetic wheat lines (Triticum durum/Aegilops tausсhii) for vegetative period and resistance to diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Shamanin ◽  
I. V. Pototskaya ◽  
S. S. Shepelev ◽  
V. E. Pozherukova ◽  
A. Yu. Truschenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Synthetic Wheat ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Resistance To Diseases

Quality traits of wheat determined by small-scale dough testing methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Békés ◽  
P. W. Gras ◽  
R. S. Anderssen ◽  
R. Appels
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Wheat Lines

The dough properties of flours from the grain of 172 doubled haploid lines of a Cranbrook Halberd cross, grown at 3 locations, were determined with traditional and small-scale dough testing equipment. The experiments were aimed at determining the genetic factors that underpin the flour processing properties of wheat flour. Seven mixing parameters determined on a 2-g Mixograph™, as well as the maximum resistance (RMAX) and extensibility (EXT) measured on a Micro-Extension Tester, were identified as quality traits for genetic mapping studies, to identify the underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL). For each of the 3 locations in which the wheat lines were grown, relationships between the quality parameters and genetic markers were constructed for the populations. The associations of HMW- and LMW-glutenin allele combinations with the quality traits were investigated using ANOVA, linear parametric, and non-parametric methods. Of particular interest were qualitative and quantitative assessments of the extremes of the quality traits in each population. The relative contributions of the glutenincoding loci to quality were determined and it was found that the growing conditions to which wheat lines were subjected significantly affected the analyses. The nature and extent of these variations could not be explained by changes in protein content alone, and were related to environmentally induced alterations in the protein composition. From a comparison of the measurements made with the small-scale Mixograph™ with those from both the Extensograph™ and a Micro-Extension Tester, it was concluded that the same information about RMAX and EXT obtained from traditional extension testing could be obtained using small-scale dough tests. The data provided a direct validation for the application of small-scale testing for the screening of large populations. The comparisons of large and small scale testing procedures also provided the basis defining a new trait, ‘M-extensibility’, which is obtained from protein content and selected Mixograph data. This parameter was able to be measured more accurately and was shown to be closely related to the traditional extensibility measurement, and thus very useful for molecular/genetic analysis. The M-extensibility trait could be mapped as a major QTL to LMW-glutenin subunit loci on chromosomes 1B and 1D.

scholarly journals DIVERSITY OF WIDE HYBRIDIZATION DERIVATIVES OF WINTER WHEAT FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES AND OTHER ALIEN CHARACTERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2(49)) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
I. I. Motsnyi ◽  
T. P. Nargan ◽  
M. Yu. Nakonechnyi ◽  
S. Ph. Lyfenko ◽  
О. О. Molodchenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Southern Ukraine ◽  
Resistance To Diseases

Introduction. The global climate change conduces spreading of main diseases of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and increases the yield losses caused by both these diseases and drought. Preventing the devastating impact of these factors on the yield depends on development of donors carrying the resistance genes. Aim. The diversity of new introgression wheat lines derived from complex interspecies crosses was evaluated for resistance to widespread diseases, drought and other agricultural traits. Methods. The trial was conducted consecutively during two vegetative periods (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) on the black earth area under the arid system in a control nursery design. Genetic material includes seventy-eight introgression wheat lines of different origin with two check cultivars for the arid climate zone of Ukraine. The data on nine agronomic (quantitative scores) and five plant pathological (point scores) traits were collected and subjected to both variance and correlation analysis to comprehend the contribution of the factors towards general diversity and connections between the characters. Results. Most lines were resistant to rust species due to the successful introgression of alien Lr, Yr and Sr genes from all sources involved in hybridization. High long-term resistance to stem rust was observed mainly among the derivatives of the collection sample H74/90-245 from Bulgaria, whose genetic background was favorable for generating a positive effect of 1BL.1RS translocation on both productive and adaptive traits in southern Ukraine and the ability to combine with other resistance genes. The yield traits did not correlate with the resistance to diseases except stem rust (Rsp = 0.34**) and Septoria blight (Rsp = −0.23*). Resistance to stem rust correlated with the grain and protein yield, test weight and flour density, which may be due to the presence of translocation 1BL.1RS. Negative correlation was observed between quality traits and grain yield, but quality traits mainly positively correlated with each other. The plant height had the highest contribution to grain yield followed by volume of 1000 kernels and WTK. Conclusions. The introgression lines were found to be diverse and potential for use in the wheat improvement programs for resistance to the diseases or drought in Southern Ukraine.

scholarly journals Disease Resistance in Twenty Dieffenbachia Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-710
Author(s):  
D.J. Norman ◽  
R.J. Henny ◽  
J.M.F. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
Myrothecium Roridum ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Resistance To Diseases

Twenty commonly grown Dieffenbachia cultivars were tested for their resistance to diseases affecting production caused by the following bacterial and fungal pathogens: Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae (McCulloch and Pirone) Dye, Erwinia chrysanthemi Burk, Fusarium solani Sacc, and Myrothecium roridum Tode ex Fr. Two isolates of each pathogen were used to compare heterogenic pathogen populations to the relatively homogenetic asexually produced cultivars. Cultivars having horizontal resistance toward tested pathogens could then easily be identified. The cultivars Camille, Compacta, and Parachute showed the broadest horizontal resistance, with resistance toward three of the four pathogen groups tested. Disease resistance identified in this research permits the selection of plants to be used in breeding, and also creates a baseline to compare resistance of newly developed cultivars.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI SISTEM TANAM DAN VARIETAS PADI YANG DIKEMBANGKAN PETANI DI KABUPATEN PEMALANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Alfina Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Planting System

Increasing rice productivity has been the main priority for the Government of Indonesia to meet people's food needs, however, there are a number of obstacles such as technology adoption. This study aims to explore the condition of farmers' cultivation, especially in terms of planting systems, varieties developed and reasons for selecting varieties in three different land topographic types (low, medium, and high). Sampling was done purposely with a total sample of 45 farmers who cultivate rice. Data collection includes observation and structured interview, data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that most of the planting system that developed in three types of topography is the ‘tegel’ planting system, other technologies such as “jajar legowo” and system of rice intensification (SRI) have low developed. This is influenced by the new planting system need more skilled labor, more expensive input, and lack of farmers' knowledge. Local rice varieties have declined significantly, dominated by certain superior varieties. The main reason for selecting varieties is due to high productivity and disease resistance. In addition, the accessibility of rice seeds by farmers at the nearest farm shop. This research suggested more intensive mentoring efforts should be done through farmers’ group meetings and improvement of supporting facilities, furthermore the Local Government should improve farmers' affordability of quality seeds.

Prairie Grande flax

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
K. Y. Rashid ◽  
E. O. Kenaschuk
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Made In

Duguid, S. D., Rashid, K. Y. and Kenaschuk, E. O. 2014. Prairie Grande flax. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 791–795. Prairie Grande, a medium-early maturing oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), was released in 2007 by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. Developed from a cross of AC Watson/CI3395 made in 1996, Prairie Grande was evaluated in the Flax Cooperative Trials in (2003–2005) before being registered in 2007. Prairie Grande's desirable combination of significantly higher yield with significantly earlier maturity (3.1 d earlier than Flanders), along with seed quality similar to Flanders, but with higher protein content in the meal and a good disease resistance package, should make it a useful cultivar for producers in the northern prairies of Canada and the flax industry.

scholarly journals Agroecological stability of cultivars of sparsely distributed legumes in the context of climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
State Register ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars ◽  
Resistance To Diseases

A prerequisite for increasing the area of sparsely distributed leguminous crops lies in the analysis of their cultivars according to agroecological indicators. Therefore, the purpose was to develop the State Register of plant cultivars suitable for distribution in Ukraine for 2021 and Official descriptions of plant cultivars and indicators of economic suitability, highlighted in the information and reference system “Sort” (cultivar) regarding the assessment of agroecological resistance of cultivars of sparsely distributed legumes. The highest potential seed yield, according to the State Register of plant cultivars of Ukraine, is attributed to horse bean cultivars Tiffani and Fanfare, lentil cultivars YeS Maksymum, Blondi and SNIM 18, chickpea cultivars Goksu, Aras, Zehavit, YeS Alunt and a cultivar of grass pea Ivolha. The highest resistance to diseases is attributed to the cultivars of horse beans Birgit, Apollo, and Stella, cultivars of lentils Blondi, Khryzolit, SNIM 18, Harri, Linza, cultivars of chickpeas Odysei, Zodiak, Rodin, Oven, Stepovyi velet, and all cultivars of grass pea. The most resistant to pests are horse beans Sirius and Fanfare, lentil cultivars Harri, Blondi, Khryzolit, SNIM 18, cultivars of chickpea Dostatok, Zodiak, Lara, Yaryna, YeS Alunt, Rodin, Stepovyi velet, Kozeroh and Odysei. The most drought-resistant is the cultivar of grass pea Ivolha, as well as most cultivars of horse beans, except Sirius and Fanfare, lentil cultivars, except YeS Maksymum, Antonina, and Harri, chickpeas, except Zehavit and Budzhak cultivars. Analysis of agroecological resistance of cultivars of sparsely distributed leguminous plants and their potential seed yield showed that to a large extent, high productivity is ensured by resistance to adverse agroecological factors: the influence of diseases, pests, and drought. The practical value of the study is to recommend the production of cultivars of sparsely distributed legumes with the highest indicators of resistance to diseases, pests, and drought with the highest potential yield

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