scholarly journals A Tool Perspective on Design of Interactive Computer Support for Skilled Workers

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (190) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelle Ehn ◽  
Morten Kyng
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Computer Support ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
Production Development

<p>This paper presents a conceptual framework, useful when designing computer support for skilled workers. We call this framework a <em>tool perspective</em>. It has emerged as a result of a growing dissatisfaction with the <em>systems perspective</em>, which tends to give an outwardly understanding, making men, machines and materials look alike and reducing work to algorithmic procedures, some of them candidates for inclusion into the edp programs.</p><p>The tool perspective takes the <em>labour process</em> as its origin rather than data or information flow, emphasising the development of tools to be used with skill by workers in control of the production. Development of professional education is in focus, rather than detailed analysis and description of the work.</p>

scholarly journals Apprenticeship and De-skilling in Britain, 1850–1914

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Knox
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Industrial Capitalism ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Labour Process ◽  
The One ◽  
Worker Resistance

The publication of Harry Braverman's seminal study – Labor and Monopoiy Capital (1974) – marked a turning-point for labour and social historians. Since then they have increasingly concerned themselves with the nature of the labour process in industrial capitalism. Central to this concern has been the debate on de-skilling and the destruction of craft control over the labour process and its subordination to the needs of capital. Braverman has been heavily criticised for the one-sidedness and simplicity of his account of this development. Among the weaknesses identified in Labor and Monopoly Capital is the omission of any mention of class struggle, or worker resistance to technical change; the failure to grasp how de-skilling can be mediated and, therefore, modified through labour, market and product particularisms; the lack of a detailed analysis of the transformation of formal to real subordination (in the Marxist sense) of labour to capital – the process seems to occur automatically; and, the failure to realise how formally skilled workers can continue to occupy a privileged position in the workforce through either the mechanism of custom, or by their strategic placing in the production process, or both.

scholarly journals Moral economy, solidarity and labour process struggle in Irish public transport

2019 ◽  
pp. 0143831X1989123
Author(s):  
Emma Hughes ◽  
Tony Dobbins ◽  
Doris Merkl-Davies
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Competitive Tendering ◽  
Labour Process

This article empirically applies Knut Laaser’s integrated conceptual framework, combining Sayer’s moral economy (ME) theory with labour process theory (LPT), to examine how two rival Irish unions engaged with an uneven moral economy and consciously sought to build collective worker solidarity during a dispute over competitive tendering and marketization. Using qualitative data from a case study of BusCo in Ireland’s public transport sector, the article enriches sociological understanding of trade union solidarity, and how it is engendered, contested and experienced.

Supply chain information governance: toward a conceptual framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonhwan In ◽  
Randy Bradley ◽  
Bogdan C. Bichescu ◽  
Chad W. Autry
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Governance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a scalable conceptual framework for governance of supply chain (SC) information flows by re-contextualizing the organizational concept of information governance as an SC concept. Design/methodology/approach This study leverages the strategy-structure-process-performance (SSPP) theory base to explain how effective SC information governance relates to improved internal SC performance. Via an in-depth literature review followed by conceptual theory building, the key features of organizational-level information governance are cast into a theoretical framework. Findings This study presents the theoretical framework that explains how SC information governance should contribute to improved internal SC performance. The proposed framework provides a theoretical basis for future research on SC information governance and would become a useful first step to extend the concept of SC information governance at the SC level. Practical implications SC managers should be aware that information governance mechanisms, rather than the management of basic, information flow-directed processes, to yield the best performance outcomes. Because of the numerous touch points information has in complex SCs, managing the quality of SC information through broader, higher-level governance standards is more important than maximizing connectivity and information flows, and information governance structures/policies across organizations should be designed accordingly. Originality/value This study theoretically links SC information governance and internal SC performance via information quality. It also advances the understanding of SC information flow by challenging the implicit but flawed assumption that uniformity of information quality within the supply chain to create the best outcomes.

scholarly journals Solving design management problems using lean design management: the role of trust

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1387-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petteri Uusitalo ◽  
Olli Seppänen ◽  
Antti Peltokorpi ◽  
Hylton Olivieri
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Design Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Domain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management Problems

Purpose Although prior studies have noted the importance of trust for project performance, research remains scant on describing the role of trust when using lean design management (LDM) in projects. The purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between LDM and interpersonal trust in solving construction projects’ design management problems. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study was conducted that included 29 trust- and LDM-themed semi-structured interviews in the USA (California), Brazil and Finland; 11 focus group discussions were also organized to validate the interview findings. Findings The study reveals how LDM contributes to solving design management problems through two distinct but interconnected mechanisms: improved information flow; and improved trust among project team members. A conceptual framework was crafted to illustrate the mechanisms in building trust by means of the social domain of LDM concepts. Research limitations/implications The conceptual framework requires testing through an international survey or through multiple case studies. Practical implications The results indicate that design management would benefit from trustful environments and that trust may be the catalyst for actors’ engagement with LDM. Managers in charge of design within projects can use the conceptual framework when selecting the appropriate LDM tools, which should include both the social and technical domains. Originality/value The study emphasizes the importance of the social domain of LDM concepts. Previous studies have focussed on information flow aspects of LDM but have overlooked the value of interpersonal trust in solving design management problems.

scholarly journals Integrated Simulation Environment for Unmanned Autonomous Systems—Towards a Conceptual Framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Perhinschi ◽  
M. R. Napolitano ◽  
S. Tamayo
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Integrated Simulation ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Testing And Evaluation

The paper initiates a comprehensive conceptual framework for an integrated simulation environment for unmanned autonomous systems (UAS) that is capable of supporting the design, analysis, testing, and evaluation from a “system of systems” perspective. The paper also investigates the current state of the art of modeling and performance assessment of UAS and their components and identifies directions for future developments. All the components of a comprehensive simulation environment focused on the testing and evaluation of UAS are identified and defined through detailed analysis of current and future required capabilities and performance. The generality and completeness of the simulation environment is ensured by including all operational domains, types of agents, external systems, missions, and interactions between components. The conceptual framework for the simulation environment is formulated with flexibility, modularity, generality, and portability as key objectives. The development of the conceptual framework for the UAS simulation reveals important aspects related to the mechanisms and interactions that determine specific UAS characteristics including complexity, adaptability, synergy, and high impact of artificial and human intelligence on system performance and effectiveness.

Inspiring hope through social work practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Boddy ◽  
Patrick O’Leary ◽  
Ming-sum Tsui ◽  
Chui-man Pak ◽  
Duu-Chiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Work Relationships ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Direct Practice ◽  
Social Work Theory ◽  
The Future

Hope has dynamic features that look to the future and motivate people. Yet despite being synonymous with social work, psychological terms have tended to define hope’s perimeters. Its role in social work is often heralded, yet its unique, critical and temporal role has not been well mapped in social work theory. This article explores the use of hope in social work practice. A conceptual framework highlights the richness of hope, its application in social work practice and its position in social work relationships. The implications for direct practice, further research and professional education are also discussed.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR MATERIAL AND INFORMATION FLOW OPTIMISATION IN NATURAL GAS SUPPLY CHAIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Davor Dujak ◽  
◽  
Dario Šebalj ◽  
Karolina Kolinska
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Information Flow ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Bullwhip Effect ◽  
Supply Chain Simulation ◽  
Gas Supply

Natural gas is third most used fossil fuel and energy resource in the world, with significant increase in its consumption over last 20 years. As a consequence, research in optimisation of its supply chain processes are becoming increasingly significant. This paper aims to develop conceptual framework for material and information flow optimisation in natural gas supply chain and suggests its future use. Based on previous researches on mapping natural gas supply chain, bullwhip effect in natural gas supply chain and simulation models in natural gas supply chain, paper proposes new conceptual framework for material and information flow optimisation in natural gas supply chain. Results of implementation of this framework in natural gas supply chain of Republic of Croatia are presented with all suggestions for improvement explained. Keywords: natural gas supply chain, simulation model, bullwhip effect

Scientific and technological development and new trends in education and employment

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Yehorov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Modern World ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Scientific and technological development seriously affects all socio-economic processes in the modern world. In this paper. The main trends in employment and education in the context of technological changes are analyse in the article. The highlighting of trends in relevant areas in developed countries is the priority. Conclusions regarding structural changes in employment are made; in particular, tendencies for a decrease in permanent employment among middle-skilled workers and a deterioration in the situation for unskilled workers are identified. An important factor is the transition to part-time employment. New situation requires new approaches to the organization of education, including the development of flexible, professional education, focused on the needs of areas of activity that are developing rapidly. The final part of the paper contains brief discussion of the situation in Ukraine in the spheres of employment and training. Deindustrialization in the past three decades has had a negative impact on the structure of employment and the specialization of university graduates. The emigration of young people is becoming an increasingly important factor affecting the labour market. It is concluded that for Ukraine, which is included in the international division of labour as a “junior partner,” the choice of the right strategy for specializing in economic activity and in the field of training (education) in the face of growing competition is an extremely important task.

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