Scientific and technological development and new trends in education and employment

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Yehorov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Modern World ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

Scientific and technological development seriously affects all socio-economic processes in the modern world. In this paper. The main trends in employment and education in the context of technological changes are analyse in the article. The highlighting of trends in relevant areas in developed countries is the priority. Conclusions regarding structural changes in employment are made; in particular, tendencies for a decrease in permanent employment among middle-skilled workers and a deterioration in the situation for unskilled workers are identified. An important factor is the transition to part-time employment. New situation requires new approaches to the organization of education, including the development of flexible, professional education, focused on the needs of areas of activity that are developing rapidly. The final part of the paper contains brief discussion of the situation in Ukraine in the spheres of employment and training. Deindustrialization in the past three decades has had a negative impact on the structure of employment and the specialization of university graduates. The emigration of young people is becoming an increasingly important factor affecting the labour market. It is concluded that for Ukraine, which is included in the international division of labour as a “junior partner,” the choice of the right strategy for specializing in economic activity and in the field of training (education) in the face of growing competition is an extremely important task.

scholarly journals ФОРСАЙТ-ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЗМІНИ ПРІОРИТЕТІВ ВИРОБНИЧО-ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
О. В. Дегтярьова
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Developed Countries

In the article an analysis of modern methods of using forsite technologies, the history of the formation of a foresight as a science is researched. The purpose of the research is to determine the most favorable foresight method for determining the priorities of production and economic activity of enterprises. The object of research is the priorities of the production and economic activity of the state, which is investigated using such methods as comparison and induction. Methods used in the research. The study used methods of comparison, induction. The hypothesis of the research is that the peculiarities of production and economic activity require the use of special foresight-forecasting methods. The statement of basic materials/ Moreover, foresight forecasts of the future point to such global trends that in the near future will have a negative impact on the Ukrainian economy, and the production and economic sector of enterprises in general. The modern world demands from the management of enterprises to predict performance indicators not only for three to five years and ten and more. The originality and practical significance of the research. The conducted researches should be used in determining the method of the form for the site to change the priorities of production and economic activity. Moreover, the identification of trends can be used by decision-makers both at the regional and national level and at the enterprise level. Conclusions of the research are that the use of technological road map is the most expedient. Changes in the priorities of enterprises in the industrial and commercial sector are of particular relevance today, since only Ukraine is lagging behind its technological development from the developed countries of the world.

INCLUSIVE INDUSTRIALIZATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: TO THE PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION THEORY AND POLICY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-39
Author(s):  
Yurii KINDZERSKYI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
National Interests

Contradictory approaches to the formation of the foundations and policies of inclusive industrialization are revealed. The interdependence of inclusive development and industrialization is shown, in particular, due to the existence of the intrinsic property of industrialization to be inclusively oriented under the conditions that create the effect of “circular cumulative causation” of its deployment through structural policy instruments. Emphasis is placed on the absence of such conditions in Ukraine due to incongruent actions of the state in the economy. The significant limitations of the theory of inclusive/extractive institutions for effective industrialization are pointed out, connected with the too long for the later period of formation of inclusive institutions and their neoliberal content, a priori unsuitable for industrialization. Given the social order of limited access in Ukraine, the existing policy of straightforward borrowing of institutions from developed countries is noted, which led to increased socio-economic instability and the spread of rent-oriented organizations instead of production. Industrialization is considered as a process of structural changes that should occur with a complementary combination of structural and fundamental factors of development. Through the prism of these factors, models and experiences of industrialization and deindustrialization in the world are considered. It is shown that domestic premature deindustrialization is due to ignoring the need for such factors in economic policy, their unjustified replacement by measures of deregulation and liberalization, emphasis on the use of current competitive advantages—cheap labor and natural resources – instead of building promising, technology-based and innovative advantages. The latent “failures” of scientific-technological development from the standpoint of inclusive industrialization are critically highlighted, in particular, attention is drawn to the problems of deepening social injustice and inequality, impossibility for weak countries to form policies in their national interests market power and the growing political influence of corporations. As a result, a number of conclusions are drawn on the formation of a policy of inclusive industrialization in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Innovation management in the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology of the Brazilian Northeast: an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Nogueira Albert Loureiro ◽  
Gabriel Francisco da Silva ◽  
Silvio Sobral Garcez Júnior ◽  
João Antonio Belmino dos Santos ◽  
Márcio Vilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Knowledge Protection ◽  
Intellectual Assets ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

With the Law nº 11.892 of 2008, Brazilian´s professional education acquired new status, based on the conception of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (FIs). In essence, FIs have the responsibility to stimulate applied research in the development of technical and technological solutions; entrepreneurship; and scientific and technological development with a view to innovative processes. Despite their intrinsic proximity to the productive sector, giving them an environment conducive to the development of intellectual assets, some FIs still have difficulties in managing innovation. Conversely, some of these institutions have developed mechanisms to promote innovation management and the improvement of knowledge protection indicators developed in their locus. In this perspective, the FIs of the Northeast region of Brazil stand out, through their Technological Innovation Centers, presenting the best Intellectual Property (IP) safeguard indexes between the years 2008 to 2016. In this sense, the present work aims to present the innovation actions of the FIs of the referred region that culminated in a greater protection of IP, and may serve as a reference for other institutions in the network. 

Assessment of the Volume of State Funding for the Development of Biomedicine in Russia and in the USA

Acta Naturae ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
A. N. Petrov ◽  
N. G. Kurakova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Scientific Organizations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Russian Medical ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

This article demonstrates that Russias funding for research and development is less than 2.5 % of global funding, whereas the amount of financing of just three countries, the USA, China, and Japan amounts to 50%. It is argued that the inadequacy of Russias domestic financing for the development of the science sector vis a vis that of developed countries allows the country to prioritize only a limited number of research fields in its scientific and technological development. We have compared and contrasted expenditures on research and development in biomedicine in the USA and Russia. It has been demonstrated that in 2014, basic funding for 27 research centers included in the US National Health Institutes network exceeded the amount of financing for 104 Russian medical scientific and research institutes subordinated to the Russian Ministry of Health and Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations by 173 times. We have concluded that a substantial increase in state funding for fundamental, exploratory, and applied research in the field of biomedicine is required if life sciences are to be preserved as one of the priorities in the scientific-technological and social development of Russia. It is also necessary to eliminate all administrative and tax barriers that prevent active participation of domestic industrial entities in the co-financing of the development of Russian drugs and medical equipment.

Safety and Health Assessment of Manufactured Nanoparticles in Nano-Coated Textile Products

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 722-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Yan Guang Lu ◽  
Cheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Toxicological Research ◽  
Textile Finishing ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Many nanotech-based fabrics products and applications are already in use for textile finishing process in many countries. The industry aims at taking advantage of the opportunities of new nanomaterials while producing safe and ecological textiles. However, some concerns have been raised regarding the potential of engineering nanoparticles to have a negative impact of the human health and the environment. Up to now there are only few toxicological research and safe assessment done on the release of engineered nanoparticles from such products. This article summarizes the coping strategies and risk management of some developed countries and outlines the necessity of prospect research and risk assessment for nanotechnology potential hazards and technical uncertainty of nano-coated textiles to the environment and public health. The author believed the responsive regulations will allow for prevention and treatment of a nano-textiles’ life-cycle risks and support the safe, responsible development of nanotechnology while providing favorable conditions for textile industrial innovation to ensure that research and technological development is translated into affordable and safe wealth-generating products and processes.

scholarly journals Global factors influencing the innovative development of the national economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Anna VORONA
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Training System ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Factors Influencing

The article is devoted to the study of global factors influencing the innovative development of the national economy, which aims to support Ukraine's global competitiveness. The article defines the internal prerequisites for the innovative decline of economic sectors of the national economy which result in social, economic, political, scientific losses, and, as a consequence, reduced demand for research activities, reducing the effectiveness of research and the pace of innovation development of the national economy as a whole. An innovative type of economy aims at maximizing the economic impact of every new or improved technology and idea. It is complex and is characterized by the introduction of fundamentally new technologies and a rethinking of the importance of components in every area of economic activity. The main purpose of the paper is to study the dynamics of innovation processes of the national economy, the factors influencing the innovative development of the national economy. The level of implementation of innovative technologies remained low. A considerable part of material and human resources is directed to ensuring the effective activity of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, modernization of military equipment, training of military specialists in universities and more. The long duration of hostilities in the East, the volatility of the exchange rate, the need for constant upgrading and constant upgrading of military equipment - these and other factors are inefficient spending of budget funds. Also, in recent years there has been a high interest of the population to emigrate to other, more developed countries. The loss of such categories of workers has a negative impact on the age and educationally-qualified staff structure and the pace of development of the national economy. Ukraine's IT outsourcing market has great potential, and its products can cause structural changes that will shape new trends in the Ukrainian economy. This industry has achieved such success through the constant modernization of old and the creation of new technologies and products. The most important factor contributing to the continuous development and supporting the competitiveness of the IT industry in the world market is the stimulation of creative development. Therefore, creative capacity-building should be carried out at a high level in institutions represented by the education and training system and implemented in the process of innovative development.

scholarly journals Problems of training specialists for trade in the conditions of digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 12014
Author(s):  
Elena Korchagina ◽  
Larisa Desfonteines ◽  
Natalia Strekalova
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Training System ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Equipment

The article considers the problems of staff training for trade in connection with the main modern trends in the economy of developed countries. On the one hand, information processes are rapidly developing in all areas of economic activity. On the other hand, the labor market has undergone structural changes related to the aging of the population. For successful competition, modern retail chains require qualified specialists of secondary education and skilled workers with digital technology skills. At the same time, there are large number of older professionals work in the trade, who do not have skills of using of digital equipment and plan to improve their skills. In addition, modern Russian technical schools and colleges do not train special skills of working with digital equipment for trading. The article suggests ways to transform the training system for trade in accordance with the requirements of the digital environment.

scholarly journals Scientific and technological determinants of innovation development strategy

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Vladimir Alexeevich Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
National Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific And Technological Development

The subject content of the work is domestic innovative development, the theme – scientific and technological aspects, and purpose – consideration of the determinants of the current Strategy until 2020 and prospective one – anticipated Strategy until 2030. The Methodology of work is the application of elements of system analysis (taken and expected government decisions) in the field of innovation research and technological development relating to directions, outcomes, determinants, indicators, challenges and priorities. The research is based on the general scientific method (problem statement, information-analytical generalizations, classification and analogies, analysis and synthesis, inductive-deductive approach). The results of the work consist in the formulation of scientific and technological determinants of innovative development. The application scope of the results is the strategy of innovative development until 2030. Conclusion. The strategy of innovative development until 2020 takes into account the bases of strategic planning and scientific and technological development of the country, the selected model and the tempos of innovative development take into account the world experience and domestic characteristics, aimed at parity-adapted integration into the world economy, contribute to reducing the retardation from developed countries. Step-by-step formulation of scientific and technological determinants of innovation Strategy until 2030 can be expected from the discussed draft Program «Scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation for 2019–2030». For comparative and analytical clarification of the development model (within the framework of the Strategy until 2030), it is important to display its innovative characteristics (scientific and technical novelty, satisfaction of market demand, tradability) against the background of global trends and projected features of the «road map» of the new technological mode. At the same time, the scientific and technological determinants of innovative development will definitely remain trans-parently oriented priority areas for the development of science, technology and technology, critical technologies and technological platforms. In addition, due to the multiplicative role of attracted investments in the growth of national income and employment, it seems promising to continue to remove obstacles to the development of public-private partnerships; although, in order to increase the level of technological development of the private sector and change for the better the unsatisfactory financing of R&D by business, in the foreseeable future, limited state protectionism is intended to initiate demand for innovations.

Secular stagnation in the modern world

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Drobyshevsky ◽  
P. V. Trunin ◽  
A. V. Bozhechkova
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Japanese Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Destruction Process ◽  
Secular Stagnation ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the factors of secular stagnation. Key factors of long-term slowdown in economic growth include the slowdown of technological development, aging population, human capital accumulation limits, high public debt, creative destruction process violation etc. The authors analyze key theoretical aspects of long-term stagnation and study the impact of these factors on Japanies economy. The authors conclude that most of the factors have significant influence on the Japanese economy for recent decades, but they cannot explain all dynamics. For Russia, on the contrary, we do not see any grounds for considering the decline in the economy since 2013 as an episode of secular stagnation.

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