scholarly journals “It was a sweet view – sweet to the eye and the mind.” Jane Austen og det pittoreske landskab

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (123) ◽  
pp. 291-308
Author(s):  
Karin Esmann Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Jane Austen ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Locus Amoenus ◽  
Authentic Relationship ◽  
Nicolas Poussin ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Clear Line

It is obvious in Jane Austen’s novels that she was interested in the ongoing debate of ’the picturesque garden’, and in all her novels the characters are discussing how to look at the landscape, how to ‘improve’ the estates according to certain rules, and how taste and moral are connected to each other. The picturesque garden is inspired by paintings from the 17th century by Claude Lorraine and Nicolas Poussin, and in that way a clear line can be drawn back to Theocritus and Virgil, who introduced topoi as ‘locus amoenus’ and the ‘pastoral’. This article is examining how the relation is between these topoi, which are ideal landscapes that only exist in literature and painting, and the discussions of the design of real physical landscapes of contemporary England. It is difficult to decide on which side Austen was in the discussions of the picturesque. The article concludes that Austen’s voice is to be heard in the narrative, the development of the characters, and that she ends up with an attempt to reach an authentic relationship with landscape and nature that foreshadows a romantic feeling of nature. An appendix shows the later reception of Austen’s relationship to landscape, by analyzing a scene from modern films based on Jane Austen’s novels.

Johann Joachim Becher (1635–1682), a little known opponent of Comenius’ Theory of Language and Language Learning

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Werner Hüllen
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Learning Abilities ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Situational Learning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

Summary Concerning the methods of language teaching, Johann Joachim Becher (1635–1682), one of the encyclopedic philosophers of the 17th century, stood in opposition to Jan Amos Comenius (1592–1670), the pedagogue of Europewide influence. He published Methodus didactica (1668) and Novum organon (1672), the latter being a universal nomenclator as they were popular in the 17th century. This nomenclator is organised according to Aristotelian categories which Becher saw expressed in word-classes. It assembles groups of synonyms in Latin and German under headwords which were taken as the simple notions, i.e., the building-blocks, of the human mind. Becher demanded didactic principles to be developed out of these linguistic assumptions. Whereas Comenius shaped his teaching methods according to the situational learning abilities of the individual, Becher regarded them as being dominated by the structures of language seen as structures of the mind, thus foreshadowing Cartesian thinking.

Newton's Principia and the philosophers of the enlightenment

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Philosophy And Literature ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Creative Role ◽  
Scientific Imagination

There have been many discussions of the creative role of metaphors and similes in the scientific imagination, particularly of the 17th century. Metaphors become sense-loaded when they cross the uncertain boundaries between the sciences and religion, philosophy and literature: such was the metaphor of light, so fashionably used in Newton’s lifetime to eulogize his discoveries. I do not refer only to the literary exploitation of the experiments on colours. Ever since the first edition the text of the Principia was preceded by Halley’s verses, containing some typical metaphors. The secrets of the heavens were finally laid open: ‘ Intima panduntur victa penetralia caeli ... Matters that vexed the mind of ancient seers.../Now are seen in reason’s light; the clouds of ignorance/ Dispelled at last by science’ (1)*. The Halley ode, stuffed with fragments borrowed from Lucretius, is one of the sources of a copious and repetitive stream of variations on the theme. As Moses revealed the Tables of the Law or, reading between the lines, as Epicurus exorcized the fear of celestial phenomena, so Newton introduced mankind to the banquet of the gods by revealing the main mystery of nature. Roger Cotes, in his authorized preface of 1713, echoed the same note: ‘ Dici vix potest quanta lux accedat ... The gates are now set open, and by the passage he has revealed we may freely enter into the knowledge of the hidden secrets and wonders of natural things ’ (2).

On the History of Universal Grammar

2016 ◽  
pp. 76-94
Author(s):  
James McGilvray
Keyword(s):  
Natural Science ◽  
Universal Grammar ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Science Method ◽  
Technical Term ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ordinary Usage ◽  
The Mind

As with other technical natural science terms, ‘Universal Grammar’ or ‘UG’ is defined not by ordinary usage, but within a science. While the methodological foundations (where to look, and how) of the natural science of language were laid in the 17th century, it is only with the advent of formal tools due to Church, Turing, and others in the 1930s and the efforts of Chomsky from the 1950s on that that science came to fruition. In this chapter, I outline the brief history of the technical term UG and assess the progress of the natural science of language. And as Chomsky does in his ‘Cartesian Linguistics,’ while acknowledging Descartes’s many errors, I sketch his lasting contributions to natural science method and to the nativist and internalist scientific study of the mind.

Jane Austen and Sciences of the Mind ed. by Beth Lau

Poetics Today ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-754
Author(s):  
Wen Yongchao
Keyword(s):  
Jane Austen ◽  
The Mind

scholarly journals Albert Lemoine and the epistemology in psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
German E. Berrios
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Psychiatry ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Psychological Space ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
The Mind

Abstract In 1862, the French philosopher Albert Lemoine (1824-1874) published one of the earliest books on the philosophy of psychiatry and psychopathology. Although brought up as a Spiritualist thinker in the mould of Maine de Biran and Royer-Collard, he attempted to reconcile the speculative neurobiological account of madness predominant in his time (particularly amongst alienists interested in its medicalization) with a broader approach that conceived of the mind as a psychological space populated by dynamic forces and elements also relevant to the causality and meaning of madness. In the ongoing debate on whether Psychology or Physiology was the most appropriate science for the study of Madness he rightly stood in the middle. His views remain important for the issues that he dealt with have not yet been resolved.

II. Models of the Self

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Related Question ◽  
The Self ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clear Line

The notion of the ‘self, together with related ideas such as ‘personality’, ‘character’, can be used primarily in connection with human psychology, or ethical and social relationships, or a combination of these. In this chapter, I focus on the self as a psychological notion, taking up in Chapters III and IV related questions about ethical character and about the individual and society. On this topic, as on ethics and values, much recent debate has centred on the question whether we can trace a clear line of development within Greek culture, and on the related question of the relationship between Greek and modern conceptions of the self and the mind.

scholarly journals Zarządzanie w antropocenie, czyli co w czym i co z tego. Analiza literatury dotyczącej splotu zjawisk

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ćwikła
Keyword(s):  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Will ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Human Responsibility ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

Management in the Anthropocene and What Comes Out of It. Analysis of the Literature on the Entanglement of Phenomena The Anthropocene is a term that not only conjures up all kinds of images in the mind but provides an impulse to reconsider the scope of human responsibility for man-triggered processes and its place in the system of related factors on our planet. At the same time, it is a term treated by many with ambivalence, reluctance, and caution, as it often harbingers the imminent environmental doom, the awareness of which may change the current balance of political and economic forces. Additionally, it is still involved in emphasizing the central role of the human, it is sometimes romanticized and can lead to an aestheticization of the climate catastrophe instead of taking actions resulting not from the will of heroism, but from humility. The ongoing debate on the Anthropocene in the field of management studies is of extraordinary importance, because it provides a framework for undertaking any activity – the activity which either aggravates or alleviates the negative environmental impact. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the contexts in which the scientific literature in the field of management talks about the Anthropocene and to explore the level of gravity that is assigned to management in this conventional geological and cultural era. Particular attention is paid to the dominant trends of reflection which illustrate a wide variety of attitudes towards the Anthropocene, including the one that places the Anthropocene against the background of efforts to maintain the status quo and the one that perceives it as a prelude to concocting alternative or even anarchist visions of management. The paper focuses on theoretical voices, which determined the method of analysis based on the study of language and the interpretation of narratives and metaphors.

scholarly journals Emblematic Literature as a Form of Biblical Hermeneutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Nataliia Levchenko ◽  
Olena Liamprekht ◽  
Oksana Zosimova ◽  
Olena Varenikoba ◽  
Svitlana Boiko
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
General Development ◽  
Biblical Hermeneutics ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Bible ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Royal Courts ◽  
Emblematic Literature ◽  
The Mind

The article defines the basic principles of the influence of biblical hermeneutics on the poetics of Ukrainian Baroque emblematic literature, which were determined by its general development trends. The four-sense biblical hermeneutics, founded by the Greek and Roman Church Fathers, played an important role in the formation of Ukrainian Baroque literature that mainly developed within the theological framework. The principles of biblical hermeneutics eventually began to go beyond the theological literature. Thus, the medieval interest in symbol and allegory led to the appearance of “empresas” – symbolic drawings that became fashionable at the royal courts of Europe in the 15th century. The Renaissance misunderstanding about the nature of Egyptian hieroglyphs, their perception as ideographic writing through which Egyptian priests expressed their wisdom, led to the appearance of emblems, allegorical prints with long explanatory verses, aimed at giving some moral lessons. It was believed that the emblem could communicate truth to the mind more directly than with the help of words. It was reflected in the mind, while the person’s gaze wandered through the symbolic details of the emblem. The research provides evidence that a large number of literary works of the 17th century showed the influence of the emblem on the formation of symbolic representation, arranged to reveal the truth implicitly or explicitly through the sequential placement of the elements. Many poetic images of the 17th century come from well-known emblems, which were means of perceiving, interpreting, and opening the world of the Bible to the Baroque reader.

Condillac, Mandeville, and the Origin of Language

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Schreyer
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Origin Of Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind

Summary The study of 18th-century theories on the origin of language offers interesting insights into history of linguistics. These theories are intimately linked with 17th-century inquiries into the social and intellectual nature of man, and particularly with the views of Hobbes, Locke, and the Cartesians. 18th-century thinkers analyse these problems from a genetic viewpoint. Condillac in his Essai sur Vorigine des connoissances humaines (1746) tries to solve them by advancing a theory of the progress of the operations of the mind, a theory in which a central role is attributed to language. This theory has recently attracted the attention of historians of linguistics, since it is considered the main source of an international debate on the origin of language culminating in Herder. It can be shown, however, that a large number of Condillac’s ideas were anticipated in Bernard Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees (1729). The present study suggests that Condillac was very likely familiar with the theses of the Fable and that he made use of them in his Essai. This suggestion is supported by an anlysis of the arguments and of certain fundamental concepts common to both works and by an account of the influence of Mandeville’s theses in France during the first decades of the 18th century. But, as Condillac mentions neither Mandeville nor his Fable, his indebtedness to his precursor cannot be proved once for all. Nevertheless, the evidence presented makes it very plausible that Condillac profited from the original and innovative ideas of Mandeville.

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