scholarly journals Albert Lemoine and the epistemology in psychiatry

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
German E. Berrios
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Psychiatry ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Psychological Space ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
The Mind

Abstract In 1862, the French philosopher Albert Lemoine (1824-1874) published one of the earliest books on the philosophy of psychiatry and psychopathology. Although brought up as a Spiritualist thinker in the mould of Maine de Biran and Royer-Collard, he attempted to reconcile the speculative neurobiological account of madness predominant in his time (particularly amongst alienists interested in its medicalization) with a broader approach that conceived of the mind as a psychological space populated by dynamic forces and elements also relevant to the causality and meaning of madness. In the ongoing debate on whether Psychology or Physiology was the most appropriate science for the study of Madness he rightly stood in the middle. His views remain important for the issues that he dealt with have not yet been resolved.

Posthumanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Marie Keeling ◽  
Marguerite Nguyen Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Human Subject ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Renaissance Humanism ◽  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Posthumanism is a philosophical perspective of how change is enacted in the world. As a conceptualization and historicization of both agency and the “human,” it is different from those conceived through humanism. Whereas a humanist perspective frequently assumes the human is autonomous, conscious, intentional, and exceptional in acts of change, a posthumanist perspective assumes agency is distributed through dynamic forces of which the human participates but does not completely intend or control. Posthumanist philosophy constitutes the human as: (a) physically, chemically, and biologically enmeshed and dependent on the environment; (b) moved to action through interactions that generate affects, habits, and reason; and (c) possessing no attribute that is uniquely human but is instead made up of a larger evolving ecosystem. There is little consensus in posthumanist scholarship about the degree to which a conscious human subject can actively create change, but the human does participate in change. As distinguished from posthumanism, humanism is credited with attributing the conscious and intentional human subject as the dominant source of agency most worthy of scholarly attention. Since its inception during the Renaissance, humanism has been constituted in various ways throughout history, but as a collective body of literature, the human is typically constituted through humanism as: (a) autonomous from nature given the intellectual faculties of the mind that controls the body, (b) uniquely capable of and motivated by speech and reason, and (c) an exceptional animal that is superior to other creatures. Humanist assumptions concerning the human are infused throughout Western philosophy and reinforce a nature/culture dualism where human culture is distinct from nature. In contrast, a posthumanist scholar rejects this dichotomy through understanding the human as entangled with its environment. A posthumanist scholar of communication typically integrates scholarship from a variety of other disciplines including, but not limited to: art, architecture, cybernetics, ecology, ethology, geology, music, psychoanalysis, and quantum physics.

scholarly journals Zarządzanie w antropocenie, czyli co w czym i co z tego. Analiza literatury dotyczącej splotu zjawisk

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-42
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ćwikła
Keyword(s):  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Will ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Human Responsibility ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

Management in the Anthropocene and What Comes Out of It. Analysis of the Literature on the Entanglement of Phenomena The Anthropocene is a term that not only conjures up all kinds of images in the mind but provides an impulse to reconsider the scope of human responsibility for man-triggered processes and its place in the system of related factors on our planet. At the same time, it is a term treated by many with ambivalence, reluctance, and caution, as it often harbingers the imminent environmental doom, the awareness of which may change the current balance of political and economic forces. Additionally, it is still involved in emphasizing the central role of the human, it is sometimes romanticized and can lead to an aestheticization of the climate catastrophe instead of taking actions resulting not from the will of heroism, but from humility. The ongoing debate on the Anthropocene in the field of management studies is of extraordinary importance, because it provides a framework for undertaking any activity – the activity which either aggravates or alleviates the negative environmental impact. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the contexts in which the scientific literature in the field of management talks about the Anthropocene and to explore the level of gravity that is assigned to management in this conventional geological and cultural era. Particular attention is paid to the dominant trends of reflection which illustrate a wide variety of attitudes towards the Anthropocene, including the one that places the Anthropocene against the background of efforts to maintain the status quo and the one that perceives it as a prelude to concocting alternative or even anarchist visions of management. The paper focuses on theoretical voices, which determined the method of analysis based on the study of language and the interpretation of narratives and metaphors.

The dynamic forces of the mind.

2012 ◽  
pp. 277-291
Author(s):  
Thomson Jay Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Forces ◽  
The Mind

‘Brain Disorders’, by Henry Calderwood (1879)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Berrios
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Philosophy Of Psychiatry ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Mind

Henry Calderwood, a nineteenth-century Scottish philosopher interested in madness, published in 1879 an important work on the interaction between philosophy of mind, the nascent neurosciences and mental disease. Holding a spiritual view of the mind, he considered the phrase ‘mental disease’ (as Feuchtersleben had in 1845) to be but a misleading metaphor. His analysis of the research work of Ferrier, Clouston, Crichton-Browne, Maudsley, Tuke, Sankey, etc., is detailed, and his views are correct on the very limited explanatory power that their findings had for the understanding of madness. Calderwood’s conceptual contribution deserves to be added to the growing list of nineteenth-century writers who started the construction of a veritable ‘philosophy of alienism’ (now called ‘philosophy of psychiatry’).

scholarly journals Is the N170 face specific? Controversy, context, and theory

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D. Earp ◽  
Jim A.C. Everett
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Functioning ◽  
Characteristic Signal ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint

In cognitive science, there is an ongoing debate about the architecture of the mind: does it consist of a number of mental organs each managing a different function in isolation, or is it more of general processor, adaptable to a wide range of tasks? One corner of this debate has centered on face processing. This is because face-perception is crucial to normal human functioning and some evidence shows that faces may be processed by the brain in a privileged way compared to other types of stimuli. For example, in EEG brain recordings, the N170 is a characteristic signal that occurs after a participant is exposed to an image of a face, but it is much less pronounced when other stimuli are shown. More than 15 years of research on the N170 face effect have yielded the standard view that the N170 is at the very least face-sensitive, and possibly even face-specific, that is, indexing modular processes tied exclusively to facial geometries. The specificity claim is clearly stronger, and hence subject to significant controversy; while the more conservative sensitivity claim had been regarded (until recently) as effectively settled. Nevertheless, Thierry and colleagues, in a contentious 2007 article, sought to undermine even this conservative consensus: they argued that the apparent face-responsiveness of the N170 in prior research was due to systematic flaws in experimental design. Fiery debate has followed. In this review, we put the debate in its historical and philosophical context, and try to spell out some of the theoretical and logical assumptions that underlie the claims of the competing camps. We then show that the best available evidence counts, at least partially, against the Thierry et al. construal of the N170. Accordingly, it would be premature to abandon the conservative account of the N170, according to which it is – minimally – responsive to faces. We conclude by returning to the more controversial claim about face-specificity, and try to clarify what such a view would entail from a theoretical standpoint.

scholarly journals How does thinking relate to tool making?

2020 ◽  
pp. 105971232095053
Author(s):  
Lambros Malafouris
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Material World ◽  
Cognitive Archaeology ◽  
The Mind

How the boundaries of the mind should be drawn with respect to action and the material world is a core research question that cognitive archaeology shares with contemporary cognitive sciences. The study of hominin technical thinking, as in the case of stone tool making, is a good way to bring that question to the fore. This article argues that archaeologists who study lithic artefacts and their transformations over the course of human evolution are uniquely well positioned to contribute to the ongoing debate about the marks of the mental. Adopting the material engagement approach, I propose to replace the internalist vision of mentality, that is, the vision of a brain-bound mind that is using the body to execute and externalise preconceived mental plan through the stone, with an ecological-enactive vision of participatory mentality where bodily acts and materials act together to generate rather than merely execute thought processes. I argue that the latter participatory view changes the geography of the cognitive and offers a better description for the continuity of mind and matter that we see in the lithic record.

The Cognitive-Affective Neuroscience of the Unconscious

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 580-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Mark Solms ◽  
Jack van Honk
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Unconscious Cognition ◽  
The Mind

ABSTRACTThere is an ongoing debate about how best to conceptualize the unconscious. Early psychodynamic views employed theories influenced by physics to explain clinical material, while subsequent cognitivist views relied on computational models of the mind to explain laboratory data. More recently, advances in cognitive-affective neuroscience have provided new insights into the workings of unconscious cognition and affect. We briefly review some of this recent work and its clinical implications.

scholarly journals “It was a sweet view – sweet to the eye and the mind.” Jane Austen og det pittoreske landskab

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (123) ◽  
pp. 291-308
Author(s):  
Karin Esmann Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Jane Austen ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Locus Amoenus ◽  
Authentic Relationship ◽  
Nicolas Poussin ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Clear Line

It is obvious in Jane Austen’s novels that she was interested in the ongoing debate of ’the picturesque garden’, and in all her novels the characters are discussing how to look at the landscape, how to ‘improve’ the estates according to certain rules, and how taste and moral are connected to each other. The picturesque garden is inspired by paintings from the 17th century by Claude Lorraine and Nicolas Poussin, and in that way a clear line can be drawn back to Theocritus and Virgil, who introduced topoi as ‘locus amoenus’ and the ‘pastoral’. This article is examining how the relation is between these topoi, which are ideal landscapes that only exist in literature and painting, and the discussions of the design of real physical landscapes of contemporary England. It is difficult to decide on which side Austen was in the discussions of the picturesque. The article concludes that Austen’s voice is to be heard in the narrative, the development of the characters, and that she ends up with an attempt to reach an authentic relationship with landscape and nature that foreshadows a romantic feeling of nature. An appendix shows the later reception of Austen’s relationship to landscape, by analyzing a scene from modern films based on Jane Austen’s novels.

The Acousmatic Gap as a Flexile Path to Self-Understanding: A case for experiential listening

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Thembi Soddell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Real World ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Felt Sense ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Musique Concrete

Since Schaeffer’s development of musique concrète, there has been an ongoing debate regarding the value of the acousmatic reduction for engaging with real-world sound in music, and its relevance for composers and listeners. This article presents a way of working with acousmatic sound that is more meaningful to me as a composer, which I have labelled experiential listening. In understanding acousmatic sound through the lens of experientialism (as opposed to Schaeffer’s use of phenomenology), I have devised this method to form a dialogue between sound, composer, and listener through the use of metaphor, to explore concepts beyond the experience of just sound in itself while composing. It accounts for the felt sense of intuition that can form through working with acousmatic sound, presenting a way of using this as a tool for self-understanding. It highlights Brian Kane’s ontology of acousmatic sound as the being of a gap, exploring where this gap can take the mind of the composer and listener. This is illustrated through my use of experiential listening to gain insights into lived experiences of mental illness and trauma, which reveals inner wisdom about the listening self that can be negotiated through acousmatic sound.

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

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